Unsteady effects of a control surface in two dimensional subsonic and transonic flow

The experimental results of steady and unsteady pressure measurements, carried out in subsonic and transonic flow on a 16 percent relative thickness supercritical aerofoil, equipped with a trailing edge flap involving 25 percent of the chord, in a sinusoidal motion are given. These experimental results are compared with those obtained by various methods of steady and unsteady inviscid flow calculations. Some calculation results in which viscous effects have been taken into account, for both steady and unsteady flows, are also presented

Phase 1 of the automated array assembly task of the low cost silicon solar array project

The results of a study of process variables and solar cell variables are presented. Interactions between variables and their effects upon control ranges of the variables are identified. The results of a cost analysis for manufacturing solar cells are discussed. The cost analysis includes a sensitivity analysis of a number of cost factors

Note on Molten-Salt Reactor Strategies

In IIASA Research Report RR-74-7, Wolf Hafele and Alan S. Manne present a model optimizing strategies on a transition from fossil to nuclear fuels: substitution of LWR and FBR for coal for the use of electricity, and of hydrogen from HTGR process heat for petroleum-and-gas for the use of non-electrical energy. This paper treats another transition from fossil to nuclear fuels, i.e. that from coal to the molten-salt reactor (MSR) for electrical use, and from petroleum-and-gas to MSR process heat for non-electrical use. MSR technology offers important advantages for power generation: avoidance of fuel element fabrication, rapid and inexpensive reprocessing, on-line refueling, high specific power, good neutron economy and high-temperature operation at low pressure. A review of the status and future of the PISR program suggests that the MSR technology should still be considered as one of the possible nuclear options for energy supply. Therefore, it is worthwhile to study the MSR strategy as well as the FBR and HTGR strategies. The aim of this paper is to compare the MSR strategy with the Hafele-Manne strategy via an example of the optimal transitions based on MSR technology, as opposed to today's situation where virtually all electrical and non-electrical energy demands are met by coal and petroleum-and-gas, respectively

Phase 1 of the automated array assembly task of the low cost silicon solar array project

The state of technology readiness for the automated production of solar cells and modules is reviewed. Individual process steps and process sequences for making solar cells and modules were evaluated both technically and economically. High efficiency with a suggested cell goal of 15% was stressed. It is concluded that the technology exists to manufacture solar cells which will meet program goals

The Automated Array Assembly Task of the Low-cost Silicon Solar Array Project, Phase 2

An advanced process sequence for manufacturing high efficiency solar cells and modules in a cost-effective manner is discussed. Emphasis is on process simplicity and minimizing consumed materials. The process sequence incorporates texture etching, plasma processes for damage removal and patterning, ion implantation, low pressure silicon nitride deposition, and plated metal. A reliable module design is presented. Specific process step developments are given. A detailed cost analysis was performed to indicate future areas of fruitful cost reduction effort. Recommendations for advanced investigations are included

Processing experiments on non-Czochralski silicon sheet

A program is described which supports and promotes the development of processing techniques which may be successfully and cost-effectively applied to low-cost sheets for solar cell fabrication. Results are reported in the areas of process technology, cell design, cell metallization, and production cost simulation

Energy and Mineral Resources Data Bases

These proceedings contain a selection of papers dealing with energy and mineral resources data bases, given at the Fourth IIASA Resources Conference. This conference in fact was organized at the crossing of three different evolutions: The first line of events was an IIASA series of Resources Conferences, aimed at a better understanding of world energy resources. The first conference, in 1975, was devoted to the Methods and Models for Assessing Energy Resources. The second one, in 1976, jointly organized with UNITAR, dealt with the Future Supply of Nature Made Petroleum and Gas; and the third, in 1977 in Moscow, covered Coal Resources (all of them published in the Pergamon Proceeding Series). The second evolution was a growing concern at IIASA, and equally at many other institutions as expressed during these earlier Resources Conferences, about resource data collection, handling, processing and utilization. To build models is one thing; to feed them with the appropriate data is another. Finally, it was clear that energy can be less and less isolated from other resources which are required for its development, such as water, land, human resources and, of course, mineral resources. Some new energy resources, such as solar, will be highly material intensive. This is just one example of the growing systems aspects between energy and minerals and/or materials. All of these concerns led to the organization of this conference. In fact, it was organized as a two-part conference, the first (more technical) part on energy and mineral resources data bases, documented in this publication; the second part on a related subject -- the systems aspect of energy and mineral resources -- with the objective to provide a forum to discuss the increasing interdependencies and interrelations between energy and mineral resources, but equally to put the papers dealing with data bases in the right perspective: namely, that these data bases should not be considered isolated from each other, but rather from a perspective of integrative (or systems) studies of energy and mineral resources. This aspect and its resulting requirements for data base development is discussed in a number of papers contained in these proceedings. Regarding these proceedings on Energy and Mineral Resources Data Bases, it is clear that the last years have seen a lot of interesting developments. Maybe the most important was that the first data bases were developed with their own software. It was, of course, suited to the special needs or concepts of the developer (not necessarily to those of the user), but very specific. Today, many sophisticated Data Base Development Systems are commercially available, which permit us to concentrate more on the data itself than on their handling. Surprisingly, if we consider the enormous amount of studies which have been devoted during the last decade to the energy problem, only a few have dealt with energy resources -- although these will shape any energy future -- and still less to energy resource data bases. This apparent deficiency, as well as the time factor involved in design, development, implementation and continuous updating (i.e., the building and maintenance of such data bases is a long term activity), explains why we considered it useful to make the papers presented at this conference available to a broader public, despite a certain delay in the publication, which we sincerely regret. However, the data bases presented in these proceedings are practically all still actively pursued and accessible, and cover the most relevant developments in the field, so that the Editors hope that this publication constitutes a good contribution for assessing the state of development, and availability, of energy and mineral resources data bases. It should be considered less as an end point, than rather as a starting point

Applications of the ACGT Master Ontology on Cancer

In this paper we present applications of the ACGT Master Ontology (MO) which is a new terminology resource for a transnational network providing data exchange in oncology, emphasizing the integration of both clinical and molecular data. The development of a new ontology was necessary due to problems with existing biomedical ontologies in oncology. The ACGT MO is a test case for the application of best practices in ontology development. This paper provides an overview of the application of the ontology within the ACGT project thus far

Generalized Swiss-cheese cosmologies: Mass scales

We generalize the Swiss-cheese cosmologies so as to include nonzero linear momenta of the associated boundary surfaces. The evolution of mass scales in these generalized cosmologies is studied for a variety of models for the background without having to specify any details within the local inhomogeneities. We find that the final effective gravitational mass and size of the evolving inhomogeneities depends on their linear momenta but these properties are essentially unaffected by the details of the background model.Comment: 10 pages, 14 figures, 1 table, revtex4, Published form (with minor corrections