International Social Survey Programme: Religion IV - ISSP 2018

Attitudes towards religion and religious practice Topics: Assessment of personal happiness; satisfaction with relationships with family members; attitudes towards extramarital sex; attitudes towards homosexual relationships between adults; attitudes towards abortion if family has very low income; gender roles in marriage; institutional trust (parliament, business and industry, churches and religious organisations, courts and legal system, schools and educational system); attitudes towards the influence of religious leaders on voters; attitudes towards science and religion (too much trust in science and too little religious faith, more conflicts through religions than peace, intolerance of people with strong religious convictions); assessment of the power of churches and religious organisations in the country; acceptance of a person from different religion as spouse of a relative (social distance); attitudes towards freedom of expression for religious extremists in public meetings, on the Internet and in social media; doubt or firm belief in God (scale deism); past or present belief in God; belief in life after death, heaven, hell, religious miracles and supernatural powers of deceased ancestors; attitude towards a higher truth and the meaning of life (God concerns himself with human beings, people can do little to change life (fatalism), life is meaningful because God exists, life does not serve any purpose, own actions give meaning to life, own way in connecting with God without church or worship services); Opinion on gender equality in one´s own religion; religion of mother and father in the respondent´s childhood; religion the respondent raised in; frequency of church attendance by father and mother in the respondent´s childhood; personal frequency of church attendance at the age of 11-12; frequency of prayers; frequency of participation in church activities (apart from attending church services); read or listened to religious scriptures outside of church services in the last 12 months (e.g. Bible, Koran, Torah or other religious scriptures); shrine, altar or religious object (e.g. cross) in the respondent´s home; frequency of visiting a holy place (shrine, temple, church or mosque) for religious reasons; self-assessment of religiousness and spirituality; religion helps people to make friends and to gain comfort in difficult times; religions are a barrier to equality between women and men; opinion on the separation of state and religion (government should not interfere with attempts of religion to spread); opinion on the peaceful coexistence of people belonging to different religions; religion represents the past and not the future; religion is as relevant to life today as in the past; personal attitude towards different religious groups (Christians, Muslims, Hindus, Buddhists, Jews, atheists or non-believers); self-assessment of health status. Optional items (not in all countries): born-again experience; feelings about the Bible; new commitment to religion after a turning point; belief in lucky charms, fortune tellers, faith healers and horoscopes; decision criteria for personal actions (laws or religious principles); perceived threat of people belonging to different groups (Christians, Muslims, Hindus, Buddhists, Jews, non-believers); people can be trusted vs. can´t be too careful in dealing with people; belief in reincarnation and Nirvana; country’s laws should not be based on religion. Demography: sex; age; year of birth; years of full-time schooling; country specific highest completed degree of education; highest completed degree of education (derived from country specific degree) ; current or former employment status; hours worked weekly; employment relationship; supervision of other employees; number of other employees supervised; type of organisation: for-profit vs. non-profit and public vs. private; occupation (ISCO/ILO-08); main status; living in steady partnership; trade union membership; religious affiliation or denomination (country specific); groups of religious denomination (derived from country specific religion); attendance of religious services; top-bottom self-placement; vote participation in last general election; country specific party voted for in last general election; left-right scheme of party voted for in last general election (derived from country-specific parties); ethnic group 1 and 2 (country specific); household size; household composition: number of adults in the household; number of children above school entry age in the household; number of children below school age in the household; personal income (country specific); household income (country specific); legal partnership status; father´s and mother´s country of birth (migration background); place of living: urban – rural; region (country specific). Information about spouse/ partner on: current or former employment status; hours worked weekly; employment relationship; supervision of other employees; occupation (ISCO/ILO-08); main employment status. Additionally coded was: respondent-ID; case substitution flag; interview date (year, month, day); weight; mode of data-collection; country (ISO 3166, country/ Sample ISO 31666, country/ Sample Prefix ISO 3166); flag variable indicating partially completed cases

International Social Survey Programme: Social Networks and Social Resources - ISSP 2017

Social relations and social network. Topics: People with selected jobs of different branches in circle of close friends, relatives and acquaintances (e.g. bus / lorry driver, senior executive of a large company, home or office cleaner, etc.); opinion on social justice (too large income differences in the country, differences in people´s standard of living should be small in fair societies, responsibility of the government to reduce income differences, social benefits cause laziness); responsibility for the provision of health care for the sick, and care for older people (government, private companies/ for-profit organisations, non-profit organisations/ charities/ cooperatives, religious organisations, family, relatives or friends); frequency of activities of groups for leisure, sports or culture, of politial parties, politicial groups or associations, and of charitable or religious organisations that do voluntary work; opinion on personal influence in government decisions; first contact person to ask for help in household or garden, in household when ill, in depression, in giving advice in family problems, in enjoying a pleasant social occasion with (close family member, more distant family member, close friend, neighbour, workmate, someone else, no one); contact person or organisation to borrow a large sum of money, to find a job with administrative problems or official paperwork, to find a place to live, to look after oneself if seriously ill (family members or close friends, other persons, private companies, public services, non-profit or religious organisations, other organisations, no person or organisation); frequency of feeling companionship lacking, of isolation from others, and of feeling left out (past four weeks); how often people try to take advantage and how often try to be fair; people can be trusted vs. can´t be too careful in dealing with people; trust in national courts and in major private companies; willingness to help (duty of adult children to look after their elderly parents, take care of yourself and your family first, before helping other people, people who are better off should help friends who are less well off); pressure from family members about the personal way of life; too many demands from family, relatives and friends; frequency of angry or upset reaction of important people in life. Social activities: frequency of going out with friends or acquaintances; frequency of making new friendships or acquaintances at these occasions; number of people in contact with on a typical weekday; frequency of face-to-face contacts with these people; frequency of contact with different relatives (parent, sibling, adult child, other family member), and close friend the respondent is most frequently in contact with; amount of contact with all family members and close friends via the internet; self-rating of general health status; frequency of impairments in the last 4 weeks (felt unhappy and depressed, felt difficulties unable to overcome); easy to accomplish own goals; life satisfaction. Optional questions: Friendship should be useful; favours should be reciprocated; frequency of domination of one person in conversations with friends; frequency of consideration who sits near whom at meetings with friends; frequency of contact with the person from home town or the region of origin most frequently in contact with; frequency of contact with the person from religious community most frequently in contact with. Demography: sex; age; year of birth; years in school; education (country specific); highest completed education level; work status; hours worked weekly; employment relationship; number of employees; supervision of employees; number of supervised employees; type of organisation: for-profit vs. non-profit and public vs. private; occupation (ISCO/ILO-08); main employment status; living in steady partnership; trade union membership; religious affiliation or denomination (country specific); groups of religious denominations; attendance of religious services; top-bottom self-placement; vote participation in last general election; country specific party voted for in last general election; party voted for (left-right); self-assessed affiliation to ethnic group 1 and 2 (country specific); number of children in the household; number of toddlers in the household; size of household; earnings of respondent (country specific); household income (country specific); father´s and mother´s country of birth; marital status; place of living: urban – rural; region (country specific). Additional obligatory background variables: difficulties to make ends meet from total houshold´s income; language skills: number of languages in how the respondent is able to hold a conversation. Information about spouse/ partner on: work status; hours worked weekly; employment relationship; supervision of employees; occupation (ISCO/ILO-08); main employment status.Supplementary optional background variable: highest completed education level of spouse/ partner. Additionally encoded: respondent-ID number; date of interview (year, month, day); case substitution flag; flag variable indicating partially completed interviews; mode of data collection; weight; Country ISO 3166 Code, Country/Sample ISO 3166 Code, Country Prefix ISO 3166 Code

International Social Survey Programme: Work Orientations IV - ISSP 2015

Attitude towards work. Work orientation. Conflict and social exclusion. Subjective experience of job. Work satisfaction. Non-standard employment. Work life balance. Job and working flexibility. Human capital. Outcome of work. Employability, new job. Topics: work centrality (a job is just a way of earning money vs. would enjoy having a paid job even if the money is not needed); importance of selected demands of a job like job security, high income, etc. (work values); work life balance: willingness to give up good job opportunities for the benefit of the family; willingness to remain in a job that is not satisfying for the benefit of the family; conflict and social exclusion: experience of discrimination with regard to work, for instance when applying for a job; main reason for the discrimination; experience of harassment at the workplace by superiors or co-workers (for example bullying, physical or psychological abuse); solidarity and conflict with regard to trade unions (workers need strong trade unions to protect their interests vs. strong trade unions are bad for the country´s economy); preferred employment arrangements (full-time, part-time, less than 10 hours a week, no paid job at all); currently working for pay (employment status); preference for more work (and money) or for reduction in working hours (work longer hours and earn more money, work the same number of hours and earn the same money, or work fewer hours and earn less money); characteristics (social dimension) of own job; subjective experience of job: frequency of hard physical work and stressful work; non-standard employment: frequency of working at home during the usual working hours and working on weekends; job and working flexibility concerning starting and finishing times; non-standard employment: usual working schedule in the main job; job and working flexibility: organisation of daily work (free decision, decision within certain limits, no free decision); work life balance: difficult to take an hour off during working hours to take care of personal or family matters; demands of the job interfere with the family life and the demands of family life interfere with the job; human capital: usefulness of the abilities learned from past work experience for the present job; job training over the past twelve months to improve job skills; judgement on the relations between management and employees and the relations between workmates/ colleagues (working atmosphere); outcome of work: work satisfaction in the main job; identification with firm or organisation; occupational commitment (would change the present type of work for something different, proud of the present type of work); employability/ new job: expected difficulties in finding a new job at least as good as the current one; likeliness of job search in the next twelve months; worried about the possibility of losing own job; job and working flexibility: accepted concessions to avoid unemployment (acceptance of a job that requires new skills, acceptance of a lower paid position, acceptance of temporary employment, longer travel to reach the place of work, movement within the country, movement to a different country); existence of a side job in addition to the main job; earning from the additional job(s) in total compared with the main job. Respondents who are not currently employed were asked: ever worked for pay for one year or more; month and year the last paid job ended; work satisfaction in the last job; main reason for the end of last employment; interest in finding a paid job; expected difficulties in finding a new job; worried about the possibility of not finding a job; accepted concessions in order to get a job (acceptance of a job that requires new skills, acceptance of a lower paid position, acceptance of temporary employment, longer travel to reach the place of work, movement within the country, movement to a different country); job seeking activities in the past twelve months and training to improve own job skills; currently looking for a job; main source of economic support; worried about the possibility of losing this main economic support. Optional items: recent work histories: ever worked for pay over the past five years; experience of selected changes in working life (unemployment for a period longer than three months, change of the employer, change of the occupation, started own business/ became self-employed, took up an additional job); self-assessment of current financial situation; change of current financial situation compared to five years ago; expected financial situation in five years; attitude towards senior citizens´ work (good for the country´s economy, employed people aged 60 and over take jobs away from younger people). Optional background variable: self-assessment of physical and mental health. Additional compulsory background variable: age of the youngest child in the household. Demography: sex; age; year of birth; years in school; education (country specific); highest completed degree; work status; hours worked weekly; employment relationship; number of employees; supervision of employees; number of supervised employees; type of organisation: for-profit vs. non profit and public vs. private; occupation (ISCO-08); main employment status; living in steady partnership; union membership; religious affiliation or denomination (country specific); groups of religious denominations; attendance of religious services; top-bottom self-placement; vote in last general election; country specific party voted in last general election; party voted (left-right); self-assessed affiliation of ethnic group 1 and 2 (country specific); number of children; number of toddlers; size of household; earnings of respondent (country specific); family income (country specific); father´s and mother´s country of birth; marital status; place of living: urban – rural; region (country specific). Information about spouse/ partner on: work status; hours worked weekly; employment relationship; supervises other employees; occupation (ISCO-08); main employment status. Additionally encoded: respondent-ID number; date of interview (year, month, day); case substitution flag; mode of data collection; weight

International Social Survey Programme: Role of Government V - ISSP 2016

Die Rolle der Regierung Themen: Gesetze befolgen ohne Ausnahme vs. Entscheidung nach Gewissen; öffentliche Protestveranstaltungen, Protestmärsche und Demonstrationen gegen die Regierung sollten erlaubt sein; Erlaubnis für Revolutionäre, öffentliche Versammlungen abzuhalten und Bücher zu veröffentlichen, die ihre Ansichten zum Ausdruck bringen; schlimmerer Justizirrtum (eine unschuldige Person zu verurteilen oder einen Schuldigen freizulassen); Zustimmung oder Ablehnung verschiedener wirtschaftlicher Maßnahmen durch die Regierung (Kürzungen der Staatsausgaben, staatliche Finanzierung von Projekten zur Schaffung neuer Arbeitsplätze, weniger staatliche Regulierung von Unternehmen, Unterstützung der Industrie bei der Entwicklung neuer Produkte und Technologien, Unterstützung für rückläufige Industrien zum Schutz von Arbeitsplätzen, Verringerung der Wochenarbeitszeit zur Schaffung von Arbeitsplätzen); Präferenz für mehr oder weniger Staatsausgaben in verschiedenen Bereichen (Umwelt, Gesundheit, Polizei und Strafverfolgung, Bildung, Militär und Verteidigung, Altersrenten, Arbeitslosenunterstützung, Kultur und Kunst); Frage der Regierungsverantwortung (Arbeit für alle, Preiskontrolle, Gesundheitsfürsorge für Kranke, angemessener Lebensstandard für alte Menschen, Hilfe für die Industrie, angemessener Lebensstandard für Arbeitslose, Verringern der Einkommensunterschiede zwischen Arm und Reich, Unterstützung für Studenten aus einkommensschwachen Familien, menschenwürdige Unterkünfte für diejenigen bereitzustellen, die es sich nicht leisten können, strenge Gesetze auferlegen, um die Industrie zu veranlassen, weniger Umweltschäden anzurichten, Förderung der Gleichstellung von Männern und Frauen); Verantwortlichkeit für die Gesundheitsversorgung Kranker, die Versorgung älterer Menschen und die Schulbildung (Regierung, private Unternehmen/Gewinnorganisationen, Non-Profit-Organisationen/ Wohlfahrtsverbände/Genossenschaften, religiöse Organisationen, Familienangehörige oder Freunde); Akteure mit dem größten und zweitgrößten Einfluss auf das Handeln der Regierung (z.B. Medien, Gewerkschaften, Unternehmen, Banken und Industrie usw.); Politik im Land mehr abhängig von der Weltwirtschaft als von Regierenden und vice versa; Meinung zu Bürgerrechten und öffentlicher Sicherheit: Regierung sollte das Recht haben zur Videoüberwachung von Personen in öffentlichen Bereichen und zur Überwachung von E-Mails; alle Regierungsinformationen sollten öffentlich zugänglich vs. begrenzt sein; Regierung sollte das Recht haben, Informationen zu sammeln über jeden, der im Land oder im Ausland lebt ohne dessen Wissen; Regierung sollte das Recht haben, Menschen ohne Gerichtsverfahren in Haft zu nehmen, Telefongespräche anzuzapfen und Leute auf der Straße nach dem Zufallsprinzip zu stoppen und zu durchsuchen; Politikinteresse; Leute wie ich haben kein Mitspracherecht über das, was die Regierung tut; gutes Verständnis wichtiger politischer Fragen; Abgeordnete versuchen Wahlversprechen zu halten; den meisten Beamten kann vertraut werden; Bewertung der Höhe der Steuern für hohe Einkommen, mittlere Einkommen und niedrige Einkommen; Steuerbehörden stellen sicher, dass die Menschen ihre Steuern zahlen und behandeln alle in Übereinstimmung mit dem Gesetz; große private Unternehmen halten sich an Gesetze und versuchen Steuerzahlungen zu vermeiden; Korruption: geschätzte Häufigkeit von Korruption unter Politikern und Beamten; persönliche Erfahrungen mit Korruption in den letzten fünf Jahren: Häufigkeit von Bestechungsversuchen durch Beamte; Bewertung des Erfolgs der Regierung in den Bereichen Gesundheitsversorgung, Bereitstellung eines angemessenen Lebensstandards für Alte und im Umgang mit Sicherheitsbedrohungen. Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; Geburtsjahr; Jahre der Schulbildung; Bildung (länderspezifisch); höchster Bildungsbschluss; Erwerbsstatus; Wochenarbeitszeit; Arbeitsverhältnis; Zahl der Beschäftigten (Unternehmensgröße); Weisungsbefugnis; Anzahl der Mitarbeiter für die Weisungsbefugnis besteht; Art des Unternehmens: Profit vs. Non-Profit und öffentlich vs. privat; Beruf (ISCO/ILO-08); Hauptbeschäftigungsstatus; Zusammenleben mit einem Partner; Gewerkschaftsmitgliedschaft; Religionszugehörigkeit oder Konfession (länderspezifisch); Konfessionsgruppen; Kirchgangshäufigkeit; subjektive Schichteinstufung (Selbsteinstufung auf einer Oben-Unten-Skala); Wahlbeteiligung bei der letzten allgemeinen Wahl und gewählte länderspezifische Partei; Links-Rechts-Einstufung der gewählten Partei; Selbsteinschätzung der Zugehörigkeit zu einer ethnischen Gruppe 1 und 2 (länderspezifisch); Anzahl der Kinder im Haushalt; Anzahl der Kleinkinder im Haushalt; Haushaltsgröße; Einkommen des Befragten (länderspezifisch); Familieneinkommen (länderspezifisch); Geburtsland von Vater und Mutter; Familienstand; Urbanisierungsgrad des Wohnortes; Region (länderspezifisch). Informationen über Ehegatten/Partner zu folgenden Themen: Erwerbsstatus; wöchentliche Arbeitszeit; Arbeitsverhältnis; Weisungsbefugnis; Beruf (ISCO/ILO-08); Hauptbeschäftigungsstatus. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Befragten-ID; Datum des Interviews (Jahr, Monat, Tag); Kennzeichen für die Ersetzung von Fällen; Art der Datenerhebung; Gewicht; Ländercode ISO 3166, Ländercode/Sample ISO 3166; Ländercode Präfix ISO 3166