Neuaufstellung des Zentrale-Orte-Konzepts in Nordrhein-Westfalen

Nordrhein-Westfalen sieht sich in den kommenden Dekaden mit der zentralen Herausforderung der Bewältigung des demografischen Wandels konfrontiert. Gleichzeitig schlagen sich die Veränderungen der Arbeitswelt und der Lebensstile sowie ein verändertes Mobilitäts- und Informationsverhalten in der Struktur und Nutzung von Stadt und Land nieder. Dabei verschieben sich die täglichen Versorgungsmuster der Menschen. Ein wirksames Zentrale-Orte-Konzept (im Folgenden ZOK abgekürzt) muss auf diese Entwicklungen reagieren. Als eines der ältesten Planungskonzepte sind die Zentralen Orte Bestandteil aller Pläne und Programme der Landes- und Regionalplanung der Flächenländer. Dabei ist in den meisten Bundesländern eine Anpassung an die eingangs angesprochenen veränderten Rahmenbedingungen erkennbar. Der Entwurf des neuen LEP NRW hingegen hat das Mitte der 1970er Jahre erarbeitete ZOK für NRW zunächst erneut übernommen. Gleichzeitig wird die Fortschreibung des ZOK für die Laufzeit des neuen LEP angekündigt, weil in Zukunft der Fortbestand einiger Mittelzentren aufgrund von Tragfähigkeitsproblemen fraglich ist. Der Arbeitsbericht widmet sich zentralen Themen für die Weiterentwicklung und Stärkung der Zentrale-Orte-Konzepte. Zunächst wird auf die nach Auffassung der Arbeitsgruppe gebotene raumstrukturelle Differenzierung hinsichtlich der Ausformung von Zentrale-Orte-Konzepten und der verwendeten Schwellenwerte eingegangen. Zudem wird auf die Rolle bzw. Bedeutung zentralörtlicher Versorgungsbereiche abgestellt, deren Festlegung zwingend erforderlich erscheint, um den Anforderungen an die Bestimmbarkeit von Zielen der Raumordnung entsprechen zu können. Es wird empfohlen, nur die drei Grundstufen Grund-, Mittel- und Oberzentrum ohne weitere Zwischenstufen festzulegen. Die Festlegungs- bzw. Ausweisungskriterien wiederum sind für die Hierarchieebenen differenziert zu bestimmen. Schließlich wird empfohlen, transparent darzulegen, welche Analysemethode - etwa zur Abgrenzung zentralörtlicher Verflechtungsbereiche oder zentralörtlicher Standortcluster - warum von der Landes- oder Regionalplanung verwendet wurde, um der erforderlichen Normklarheit bzw. Verständlichkeit des Planwerks aus sich selbst heraus Genüge zu tun.North Rhine-Westphalia sees itself in the coming decades with the central challenge of coping with demographic change facing. At the same time the changes in the world of work and lifestyles as well as an altered mobility and information behavior in the structure and use of urban and rural beat down. In this case, move the daily supply pattern of the people. An effective central places concept (hereinafter abbreviated ZOK) must respond to these developments. As one of the oldest concepts planning the central places are part of all plans and programs of the state and regional planning of the area countries. The adjustment made at the outset mentioned changing conditions can be seen in most provinces. The draft of the new LEP NRW, however, has for NRW initially taken again the mid-70s developed ZOK. At the same time the continuation of the ZOK is announced for the term of the new LEP, because in the future the continued existence of some medium-sized centers is questionable due to sustainability problems. Recommendations for the improvement of central-place-concepts are given. Centralplace-concepts as a whole, but in particular threshold levels have to be adjusted to the specific spatial structures they are used for. A central-place-concept should consist of only three levels of centrality (basic, medium and superior) without intermediate levels. The criteria for the definition of centrality have to be defined individually for each level. Finally, some recommendations are given for the empirical validation of central-placeconcepts. This validation must be based on a consistent set of planning goals. Further, the used methodology has to be explained in detail

Integration of Transport and Land Use Policies

This report is a part of the results of the EU project TRANSLAND (see Berichte aus dem Institut für Raumplanung 46). The project investigated innovative approaches to the integration of land-use and transport planning in urban regions. In the report the potentials and problems of this integration in different national and regional contexts are presented under the assumption that sufficient information about the institutional framework (planning systems and planning cultures) are essential for an assessment of the transferability of promising approaches. For this purpose land-use and planning polices are classified into five policy areas: investment, planning, regulation, pricing and informal policies. Different kinds of barriers to the integration of land-use and transport planning are examined and best-practice examples of successful implementation are presented

Linking the actors and policies throughout the disaster management cycle by "Agreement on Objectives" – a new output-oriented management approach

Current management of disaster risks is often fragmented due to a lack of coordination between involved actors, i.e. civil protection and spatial planning – a phenomenon which is known as the "problem of interplay". This paper presents an output-oriented risk management approach ("parametric governance"). Here, the modality of the achievement of objectives remains in the hands of the given addressees. This implies a shift from a top-down to a more collaborative, process-oriented form of decision-making. The approach has been successfully applied in two hazard cases and three administrative contexts: (a) the City of Dortmund (Germany) facing flash floods, (b) East Attica region (Greece) facing forest fires, and (c) Lazio Region (Italy) also facing forest fires. As proved by the applications of the concept, a dialogue among experts, stakeholders, and decision-makers is indispensable in order to guarantee inclusion of all diverse and competing values, opinions, and claims. Moreover, a structured communication path is needed to meet the requirements of a risk governance process. Finally, a win-win-situation among the involved actors has to be created to reach an agreement on common goals and actions to achieve them in due time

Advanced operationalization framework for climate-resilient urban public health care services

Conventional local public health planning and monitoring are insufficiently addressing the conjugated impact of urban development change and climate change in the future. The existing checklist and index often ignore the spatial-network interaction determining urban public health services in forward-looking aspects. This study offers and demonstrates a climate-resilient operationalization framework for urban public health services considering the interaction between urban development change and climate change across scales. A combination of collaborative scenario planning and tailor-made composite indicators were applied based on the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5)’s climate risk concept to adhere to local realities and diverse sets of scenarios. The framework was contested in a medium-sized city with a universal health care coverage setting, Khon Kaen city, Thailand. The results show that the coupling of collaborative scenario planning and composite indicators allows local public health care to operationalize their potential impact and climate-resilient targets in the future(s) in multiple service operation aspects. The scenarios assessment outcomes prove that although public health devotion can be fail-safe, achieving climate-resilient targets requires sectoral integration with urban development and health determining domains. Further exploration and disputation of the framework with a wider scale and diversified settings are recommended to enhance their robustness and universality

Microfluidic platform for bilayer experimatation from a research tooltowards drug screening

The aim of this thesis, which is the development of a microfluidic platform for bilayer experimentation with the potential for drug screening on ion channels, is introduced in this chapter. After a short presentation of the field of drug screening, an outline of this thesis is given, together with a brief summary of the different chapters

Constructive Technology Assessment:STS for and with Technology Actors

Over the years, STS has more and more moved from a predominant analytical gaze to engaging with the very fields and processes it is concerned with. At the University of Twente, STePS researchers have early on embarked on this road, with a key strand having evolved under the heading of Constructive Technology Assessment (CTA). While the core ideas were developed 30 years ago (Schot and Rip, 1997; Rip et al., 1995; Rip et al., 1987), the practical approaches and specific aims have clearly developed over time and – we expect – will continue to do so in the future. In what follows, we want to briefly explain the key characteristics of the approach, report on some recent projects and discuss our current attempts to move CTA from the field level to the work floor of researchers and technology actors, and close with an outlook on further directions for developing the approach

Gewerbeflächenpoolmodelle als regionaler Kooperationsansatz

Der Beitrag stellt zwei unterschiedliche Modelle eines über Poollösungen abgestimmten interkommunalen Gewerbeflächenmanagements vor, mit denen in beiden Fällen eine nachfragegerechte Steuerung mit einem ressourcenschonenden Umgang mit Boden verbunden werden soll. Im Ergebnis wird für eine Kombination beider Ansätze plädiert, das heißt für eine regionale Steuerung zukünftiger Entwicklungen über die Implementierung einer Mengensteuerung in Kombination mit einer gemeinsamen Vermarktung baureifer Flächen. Auf diese Weise kann die Entwicklung nicht nachfragegerechter Standorte vermieden und gleichzeitig eine effiziente Nutzung bestehender Flächen erreicht werden.This paper describes two different pool-based models for the co-ordinated management of commercial sites across municipal boundaries. In both cases the goal is to unite a fair attitude towards responding to demand with a sparing approach to the consumption of land resources. Ultimately the author argues for a combination of these two approaches, i.e. for the course of future developments to be steered at the regional level through the implementation of a policy of quantity control in combination with the joint marketing of sites which are ready for development. This approach is capable of preventing the development of sites which are unsuited to the demand being expressed; at the same time it can promote the efficient use of existing sites

Knowledge bases and responsibility within regional innovation systems:reflections from the Twente region

Increasing public investments in distributed platform infrastructures created new opportunities for economic growth and social welfare but simultaneously were associated with growing societal distrust in science’s power to solve societal problems. The concept of Responsible Research and Innovation was advanced as providing mechanisms to recouple science and society ensuring that research and innovation continues to uphold its societal duties. In this paper, we explore the extent to which it is possible to identify repertoires of responsible innovation behaviour within extant regional research and innovation networks through the way that these innovation networks draw on informal regional innovation resources. We distinguish two kinds of regional innovation network, those based on primarily synthetic knowledge bases, and those based on primarily analytic knowledge bases, in the eHealth sector where there are substantive societal concerns regarding responsibility and innovation. We contend it appears that the coupling of patients to innovation networks through their prior association with innovators (e.g. as patients) affects the scope for responsibility. We therefore contend that more attention is required for understanding the dynamics of citizen-innovator coupling in regional innovation networks if responsibility is to become a more common systemic property.</p

Regionale Flächennutzungsplanung in Nordrhein-Westfalen - ein geeigneter Regionalisierungsansatz?

Der Beitrag diskutiert die Besonderheiten des nordrhein-westfälischen Planungssystems und die daraus für eine rechtssichere wie praktikable Anwendung des Instruments erwachsenden Probleme einerseits sowie das Verhältnis zur staatlichen Regionalplanung andererseits. Insbesondere die sich aus dem Maßstab und der gewählten Doppellegende ergebenden methodischen Probleme werden eingehend dargestellt. Im Ergebnis wird festgestellt, dass der FNP-Teil seiner Funktion nicht gerecht wird. Zudem benötigt erfolgreiche interkommunale Kooperation keinen RFNP. Plädiert wird hier deshalb für eine Fortführung der interkommunalen Kooperation im Ruhrgebiet im Rahmen dafür besser geeigneter informeller Instrumente und zugleich für eine Stärkung der Regionalplanung durch eine konsequente Übernahme der Kompetenz durch den RVR.This paper discusses some distinctive features of North Rhine-Westphalia’s planning system; in particular, the author considers the problems which arise regarding legal certainty and the practical application of the preparatory municipal land-use plan and its relationship to regional planning at the state level. Detailed consideration is given to the methodological problems resulting from the scale and the so-called “dual key” which has been opted for. The author concludes that the local plan component fails to serve the function intended for it; moreover, successful intermunicipal co-operation does not necessarily require the existence of a regional land-use plan. Thus, the author argues for continued intermunicipal co-operation within the Ruhr region on the basis of the use of more appropriate informal instruments, and for regional planning to be strengthened by assigning competence for it more consistently to the Regionalverband Ruhr, the association of local authorities in the Ruhr region