Coastal and offshore diel diving behavior.

<p>Combined diel diving behavior for MA111 (grey) and MA112 (black) during coastal (A) and offshore (B) habitat occupation. Note y-axis is truncated in (B) to facilitate comparison.</p

Percent daily time at depth.

<p>Daily time-at-depth (indicated by color across y-axis) by <i>Manta alfredi</i> for the duration of satellite tag deployment in 2011 near Al Lith, KSA. (A) Manta identification number MA106 (B) MA102 (C) MA105 (D) MA104 (E) MA112 (F) MA111. Black points at the bottom of panels (E) and (F) indicate days for which the satellite tags resolved FastLoc GPS locations.</p

Daily ambient water temperature and depth.

<p>Daily ambient water temperature (indicated by color) and depth (y-axis) experienced by <i>Manta alfredi</i> for the duration of satellite tag deployment in 2011 near Al Lith, Saudi Arabia. (A) Manta identification number MA106 (B) MA102 (C) MA105 (D) MA104 (E) MA112 (F) MA111. Black points at the bottom of panels (E) and (F) indicate days for which the satellite tags resolved FastLoc GPS locations.</p

Coastal and offshore depth occupation.

<p>Frequency histogram comparing coastal (left) and offshore (right) depth occupation over a diel cycle. Bars are in 10 m bins. White and black bars indicate day and night, respectively.</p

Bivariate plot of δ¹³C versus Δ¹⁴C for individual sharks.

<p>Bivariate plot of δ¹³C versus Δ¹⁴C for individual sharks.</p

Statistical results for vertical habitat use and diving behaviors of seven PSAT-tagged reef manta rays in the Saudi Arabian Red Sea.

<p>All individuals exhibited a daytime depth distribution that was skewed toward upper layers compared to nocturnal depth occupation (p = 0.000). Lunar (R) values indicate the correlation coefficient for a linear regression between mean nightly depth and fraction of moon illuminated.</p>Ψ<p>indicates p<0.05.</p

White shark Δ¹⁴C results compared to three Δ¹⁴C reference chronologies [11], [31], [32].

<p>Results from male (A, B) and female (C, D) white shark vertebrae. Dotted line is porbeagle data smoothed with a Loess curve. For panels B and D, the arrows indicates the vertebral Δ¹⁴C curves that had to be shifted to line up with the reference chronologies (white open symbols are initial data, black symbols are data shifted to align with the references).</p

Coastal and offshore lunar regression.

<p>Moon fraction regression with mean daily nighttime depth for both GPS-tagged mantas (MA111 = grey, MA112 = black) comparing (A) coastal and (B) offshore nocturnal depth occupation.</p

Collection and sampling information for individual sharks.^a

<p>^a Discrepancies between band pair counts and bomb Δ¹⁴C age indicate instances where a shift was necessary to align sample Δ¹⁴C values to reference curves.</p><p>^b FL, fork length.</p><p>^c M: mature, I: immature, N/A: information not available.</p><p>^d Estimates based on band pair counts, and ages estimated from Δ¹⁴C values when shark trajectories required adjusting.</p

Appendix A. d15N fractionation in 13 individual white sharks plotted vs. vertebral radius, showing individual enrichment patterns as well as an overall species trend.

d15N fractionation in 13 individual white sharks plotted vs. vertebral radius, showing individual enrichment patterns as well as an overall species trend