Integration of functional and traditional food in emerging markets. Regulatory and substantive aspects of yerba mate and quinoa

Given the rising cost of healthcare, the increase in life expectancy and the wish for a better quality of life, the request for foods and beverages producing a beneficial effect on health has increased worldwide. “Functional food” is a new concept and may play a key role in diseases’ prevention and management. Although its meaning is currently under definition, its role in global health improvement is growing constantly. This article aims at giving a description of existing legislation on functional food in South America, identifying future directions for health and marketing policies. Furthermore, authors provide a literature revision on two products widely consumed in Latin American countries: Yerba Mate and Quinoa. Thanks to their beneficial health effects in terms of disease prevention and promotion of well-being, they may be considered as functional foods with a potential key role in health care

Late Paleozoic geodynamic evolution of the western North Patagonian Massif and its tectonic context along the southwestern Gondwana margin

In this study, we propose a geodynamic model covering sedimentation, metamorphism, magmatism, and exhumation processes for the western North Patagonian Massif basement. The youngest detrital zircon population ages (ca. 369 ± 8 Ma) obtained in a schist sample constrains the sedimentation stage to the Carboniferous Period. A first prograde metamorphic stage (M1-D1) produced the main foliation (S1) under greenschist conditions (~ 500 °C; < 4.5 Kbars). This stage was possibly linked to the regional Carboniferous magmatism event (330?300 Ma). The Permian magmatism (ca. 290 Ma) likely induced partial melting and migmatization of the deepest metasedimentary suite. This event corresponds to the second prograde metamorphic stage (M2) that reached amphibolite conditions (690 °C and 6.5 Kbars). The beginning of the basement uplift corresponds to the first retrograde metamorphic stage possibly developed during Permian ? Triassic times (265?235 Ma). This event was triggered by NE-SW compression (σ1) and developed folds (D2-F2), second foliation (S2), micro-textural quartz deformation, and a retrograde evolution path for the garnet-bearing lithofacies. The final stage of the basement exhumation corresponds to the second retrograde metamorphic stage (D3) developed by NNW-SSE compression and linked to open folds (F3) in the Cushamen Formation. The characteristics of the western North Patagonian Massif geodynamic evolution and the adjacent basement regions suggest a paleotectonic subduction setting for the southwestern Gondwana margin during the late Paleozoic times.Fil: Marcos, Paulo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Geológico del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geología. Instituto Geológico del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Pavon Pivetta, Cecilia Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Geológico del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geología. Instituto Geológico del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Benedini, Leonardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Geológico del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geología. Instituto Geológico del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Gregori, Daniel Alfredo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Geológico del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geología. Instituto Geológico del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Geraldes, Mauro. Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Scivetti, Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Geológico del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geología. Instituto Geológico del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Barros, Mercedes Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Geológico del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geología. Instituto Geológico del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Varela, Maria Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Instituto de Ciencias Astronómicas, de la Tierra y del Espacio. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Instituto de Ciencias Astronómicas, de la Tierra y del Espacio; ArgentinaFil: Santos, Anderson Costa dos. Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Brasi

Lower Jurassic felsic diatreme volcanism recognized in central Patagonia as evidence of along-strike rift segmentation

The early Jurassic volcanism of Central Patagonia covers an extensive area of50,000 km2 where the volcanic deposits occur as isolated systems. The volcanicrecords form an elongated belt in which the composition, depositional and geneticfeatures, show several differences along with its distribution. The Cañadón ChilenoComplex (CCHC), located in the Río Negro province, provides the opportunity toevaluate and improve the knowledge about the Lower Jurassic volcanic stratigraphyand the lower Jurassic regional setting of Central Patagonia.Based on the field and laboratory data developed in the present work, 22lithofacies were recognized and grouped into eight facies associations. Thecontinental sedimentary environments include alluvial fan deposits (FA 1),ephemeral deposits (FA 2), braided fluvial deposits (FA 3), alluvial plains, or overbanks (FA 4), and lacustrine deposits (FA 9). On the other hand, the pyroclasticfacies were separated according to the pyroclastic currents involved during thedeposition; into fall-out, dilute, and density currents (FA 5, FA 6, and FA 7). Effusiveandesitic feeders and lava-flows (FA 8) were also recognized.The stratigraphic data obtained in the present work allow proposing theexistence of two felsic diatreme volcanoes in the CCHC records - described here asSouthern and Northern Zone-, developed over a local subsided area, represented byan asymmetrical basin.Seven units were recognized and described in the CCHC (Units a, b, c, d, e, f,and g: unit (a) represents an initial stage of continental sedimentation recordedthroughout the entire Complex. Unit (b) represents the upper felsic diatreme facies,in Southern Zone of the Complex, where debris flows are interbedded with massive lapilli-tuff deposits. Unit (c) consists of local andesitic lavas flows and feeder dikes,and the unit (d) consists of welded lapilli tuff deposits interpreted as the growth of thevolcanic system. The Northern Zone evolves similarly with the felsic intra-diatremedeposits of unit (e). The unit (f) consisting of an effusive stage represented byextended andesitic lava flows. Finally, a deep lacustrine system is installed (unit g)that includes shallow and deep facies, with intercalations of local pyroclasticdeposits.Also, new geochronological data (U-Pb zircon age of 188 ± 3 Ma) wasdetermined to confirm and reinforce the correlation criteria between the differentvolcanic areas in Central Patagonia, indicating that the volcanism described here issynchronous with the Northern silica-rich calderas of the Garamilla Formation as wellas the large andesitic volcanoes of the Lonco Trapial Formation located southwardto the CCHC. The regional volcanism changes described, in the present work, areconnected with the N-S rift segment limited by E-W regional transfer fault systemsdeveloped in continuity to the strike-slip structures of the La Esperanza area.Fil: Benedini, Leonardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Geológico del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geología. Instituto Geológico del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Pavon Pivetta, Cecilia Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Geológico del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geología. Instituto Geológico del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Marcos, Paulo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Geológico del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geología. Instituto Geológico del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Gregori, Daniel Alfredo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Geológico del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geología. Instituto Geológico del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Barros, Mercedes Virginia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Geológico del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geología. Instituto Geológico del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Scivetti, Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Geológico del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geología. Instituto Geológico del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Santos, Anderson Costa dos. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Faculdade de Geologia; Brasil. Universidade de Aveiro; PortugalFil: Strazzere, Leonardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto Geológico del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geología. Instituto Geológico del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Geraldes, Mauro. Universidad Estatal de Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: de Queiroz Bernabé, Teodoro. Universidad Estatal de Rio de Janeiro; Brasi

Characterization of LAPPD timing at CERN PS testbeam

Large Area Picosecond PhotoDetectors (LAPPDs) are photosensors based on microchannel plate technology with about 400 cm$^2$ sensitive area. The external readout plane of a capacitively coupled LAPPD can be segmented into pads providing a spatial resolution down to 1 mm scale. The LAPPD signals have about 0.5 ns risetime followed by a slightly longer falltime and their amplitude reaches a few dozens of mV per single photoelectron. In this article, we report on the measurement of the time resolution of an LAPPD prototype in a test beam exercise at CERN PS. Most of the previous measurements of LAPPD time resolution had been performed with laser sources. In this article we report time resolution measurements obtained through the detection of Cherenkov radiation emitted by high energy hadrons. Our approach has been demonstrated capable of measuring time resolutions as fine as 25-30 ps. The available prototype had performance limitations, which prevented us from applying the optimal high voltage setting. The measured time resolution for single photoelectrons is about 80 ps r.m.s.Comment: 35 pages, 23 figure

Passive and Self-Powered Autonomous Sensors for Remote Measurements

Autonomous sensors play a very important role in the environmental, structural, and medical fields. The use of this kind of systems can be expanded for several applications, for example in implantable devices inside the human body where it is impossible to use wires. Furthermore, they enable measurements in harsh or hermetic environments, such as under extreme heat, cold, humidity or corrosive conditions. The use of batteries as a power supply for these devices represents one solution, but the size, and sometimes the cost and unwanted maintenance burdens of replacement are important drawbacks. In this paper passive and self-powered autonomous sensors for harsh or hermetical environments without batteries are discussed. Their general architectures are presented. Sensing strategies, communication techniques and power management are analyzed. Then, general building blocks of an autonomous sensor are presented and the design guidelines that such a system must follow are given. Furthermore, this paper reports different proposed applications of autonomous sensors applied in harsh or hermetic environments: two examples of passive autonomous sensors that use telemetric communication are proposed, the first one for humidity measurements and the second for high temperatures. Other examples of self-powered autonomous sensors that use a power harvesting system from electromagnetic fields are proposed for temperature measurements and for airflow speeds

Le Soprintendenze bibliografiche dello Stato

The intervention sums up the story of the bibliographic Superintendences, ministerial offices funded in 1919 and transferred to the Regions in 1972, and talks about their positioning within the history of the cultural policies from the Italian unification onwards. Sources used have been legislative and regulatory acts, essays on the subject from different periods and written testimonies of sector's operators. The immediate reason for this has been the need to study the development of state and regional policies on this matter when reform interventions deeply modify the balance of the last forty years. The survey has outlined also the persistence of never-solved problems in the planning of public interventions: for example, different functions have been managed by eclectic structures and at the same time the performance of the single functions has been fragmented based on their own institutions

DOES PRE-EXISTING AORTIC REGURGITATION PROTECTS FROM DEATH IN PATIENTS WHO DEVELOP PARAVALVULAR LEAK AFTER TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION?

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Is it really advantageous to operate proximal femoral fractures within 48 h from diagnosis? – A multicentric retrospective study exploiting COVID pandemic-related delays in time to surgery

Objectives: Hip fractures in the elderly are common injuries that need timely surgical management. Since the beginning of the pandemic, patients with a proximal femoral fracture (PFF) experienced a delay in time to surgery. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate a possible variation in mortality in patients with PFF when comparing COVID-19 negative versus positive. Methods: This is a multicentric and retrospective study including 3232 patients with PFF who underwent surgical management. The variables taken into account were age, gender, the time elapsed between arrival at the emergency room and intervention, pre-operative American Society of Anesthesiology score, pre-operative cardiovascular and respiratory disease, and 10-day/1-month/6-month mortality. For 2020, we had an additional column, “COVID-19 swab positivity.” Results: COVID-19 infection represents an independent mortality risk factor in patients with PFFs. Despite the delay in time-to-surgery occurring in 2020, no statistically significant variation in terms of mortality was detected. Within our sample, a statistically significant difference was not detected in terms of mortality at 6 months, in patients operated within and beyond 48 h, as well as no difference between those operated within or after 12/24/72 h. The mortality rate among subjects with PFF who tested positive for COVID-19 was statistically significantly higher than in patients with PFF who tested. COVID-19 positivity resulted in an independent factor for mortality after PFF. Conclusion: Despite the most recent literature recommending operating PFF patients as soon as possible, no significant difference in mortality was found among patients operated before or after 48 h from diagnosis