188 research outputs found
Effect of grazing on ship rat density in forest fragments of lowland Waikato, New Zealand
Ship rat (Rattus rattus) density was assessed by snap-trapping during summer and autumn in eight indigenous forest fragments (mean 5 ha) in rural landscapes of Waikato, a lowland pastoral farming district of the North Island, New Zealand. Four of the eight were fenced and four grazed. In each set of four, half were connected with hedgerows, gullies or some other vegetative corridor to nearby forest and half were completely isolated. Summer rat density based on the number trapped in the first six nights was higher in fenced (mean 6.5 rats haâ1) than in grazed fragments (mean 0.5 rats haâ1; P = 0.02). Rats were eradicated (no rats caught and no rat footprints recorded for three consecutive nights) from all eight fragments in JanuaryâApril 2008, but reinvaded within a month; time to eradication averaged 47 nights in fenced and 19 nights in grazed fragments. A second six-night trapping operation in autumn, 1â3 months after eradication, found no effect of fencing (P = 0.73). Connectedness to an adjacent source of immigrants did not influence rat density within a fragment in either season (summer P = 0.25, autumn P = 0.67). An uncalibrated, rapid (one-night) index of ship rat density, using baited tracking tunnels set in a 50 Ă 50 m grid, showed a promising relationship with the number of rats killed per hectare over the first six nights, up to tracking index values of c. 30% (corresponding to c. 3â5 rats haâ1). The index will enable managers to determine if rat abundance is low enough to achieve conservation benefits. Our results confirm a dilemma for conservation in forest fragments. Fencing protects vegetation, litter and associated ecological processes, but also increases number of ship rats, which destroy seeds, invertebrates and nesting birds. Maximising the biodiversity values of forest fragments therefore requires both fencing and control of ship rats
Rangeways - community based planning for ecologically sustainable land use in the Western Australian goldfields
Ways to identity and reconcile opportunities tor different land uses while protecting biologically sensitive areas were researched within the Western Australian rangeland from1995 to 2000. The research was undertaken within a framework of community-based regional planning and was underpinned by policies of ecological sustainable development.The research and community structures arising from the work were collectively named the Rangeways project. The purpose was to resolve land use problems through a structural approach to land use planning and the development of processes rather than to devise \u27The Plan\u27
Impact of pubertal timing and depression on errorârelated brain activity in anxious youth
Anxiety disorders are associated with enhanced errorârelated negativity (ERN) across development but it remains unclear whether alterations in brain electrophysiology are linked to the timing of puberty. Pubertal timing and alterations of prefrontal and limbic development are implicated in risk for depression, but the interplay of these factors on the ERNâanxiety association has not been assessed. We examined the unique and interactive effects of pubertal timing and depression on the ERN in a sample of youth 10â19 years old with anxiety disorders (n = 30) or no history of psychopathology (n = 30). Earlier pubertal maturation was associated with an enhanced ERN. Among early, but not late maturing youth, higher depressive symptoms were associated with a reduced ERN. The magnitude of neural reactivity to errors is sensitive to anxiety, depression, and development. Early physical maturation and anxiety may heighten neural sensitivity to errors yet predict opposing effects in the context of depression.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146936/1/dev21763.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146936/2/dev21763_am.pd
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Patient symptom experience prior to a diagnosis of oesophageal or gastric cancer: a multi-methods study.
BACKGROUND: Late stage diagnosis of oesophageal and gastric cancer is common, which limits treatment options and contributes to poor survival. AIM: To explore patients' understanding, experience and presentation of symptoms before a diagnosis of oesophageal or gastric cancer. DESIGN & SETTING: Between May 2016 and October 2017, all patients newly diagnosed with oesophageal or gastric cancer were identified at weekly multidisciplinary team meetings at two large hospitals in England. A total of 321 patients were invited to participate in a survey and secondary care medical record review; 127 (40%) participants responded (102 patients had oesophageal cancer and 25 had gastric cancer). Of these, 26 participated in an additional face-to-face interview. METHOD: Survey and medical record data were analysed descriptively. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis, informed by the Model of Pathways to Treatment. RESULTS: Participants experienced multiple symptoms before diagnosis. The most common symptom associated with oesophageal cancer was dysphagia (n = 66, 65%); for gastric cancer, fatigue or tiredness (n = 20, 80%) was the most common symptom. Understanding of heartburn, reflux and indigestion, and associated symptoms differed between participants and often contrasted with clinical perspectives. Bodily changes attributed to personal and/or lifestyle factors were self-managed, with presentation to primary care prompted when symptoms persisted, worsened, or impacted daily life, or were notably severe or unusual. Participants rarely presented all symptoms at the initial consultation. CONCLUSION: The patient interval may be lengthened by misinterpretation of key terms, such as heartburn, or misattribution or non-recognition of important bodily changes. Clearly defined symptom awareness messages may encourage earlier help-seeking, while eliciting symptom experience and meanings in primary care consultations could prompt earlier referral and diagnosis.This research was funded by the Medical Research Council and the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Fund as part of EHâs PhD. FMW was supported by an NIHR Clinician Scientist award. JDE was supported by an NHMRC Practitioner Fellowship. JB was supported by the National Institute for Health Research School for Primary Care Research
Single slice vs. volumetric MR assessment of visceral adipose tissue: reliability and validity among the overweight and obese.
To access publisher's full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field.Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with abnormal cardiovascular and metabolic profiles. Total VAT volume of the abdominal compartment by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold-standard measurement for VAT but is costly and time consuming. Prior studies suggest VAT area on a single slice MR image may serve as a surrogate for total VAT volume but it is unknown if this relationship is maintained in overweight and obese men and women. Untreated sleep apnea subjects enrolled into the Icelandic Sleep Apnea Cohort (ISAC) underwent abdominal MRI. VAT area and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) area at the L2-L3 and L4-L5 interspaces and total VAT and SAT volumes were determined by manual examination using image analysis software; 539 men and 129 women with mean ages of 54.1 and 58.8 years and mean BMI of 32.2 kg/m(2) and 33.7 kg/m(2), respectively, were studied. Mean total VAT volume was 40% smaller and mean total SAT was 25% larger among females compared with males. The correlation with VAT volume was significantly larger for L2-L3 VAT area (r = 0.96) compared to L4-L5 VAT area (r = 0.83). The difference in correlation coefficients was statistically significant (nonparametric bootstrap P < 0.001 with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the difference from 0.11 to 0.15. VAT area at L2-L3 was also significantly better correlated with VAT volume than traditional anthropometric variables. Linear regression analyses demonstrated that L2-L3 area alone was sufficient for predicting total VAT volume and that the nature of the linear association was maintained across all levels of obesity and in both genders.NIH HL070267
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The Grizzly, February 21, 2002
Former U.S Ambassador to Sierra Leone now Ursinus Professor ⢠Professor Melrose Testifies Before the Senate ⢠Fire in Reimert: Where Were the Smoke Detectors? ⢠Grant Will Enhance Ursinus Asian Studies Program ⢠Marisol: A Lesson in Living in the Aftermath of September 11th ⢠Winter Olympics Take Salt Lake by Storm ⢠Save a Life: Donate Blood at the March Blood Drive ⢠Opinions: Dressing Up: What Happened to Everyone\u27s Style?; Heart-wrenching and Heart-warming Olympics; For the Appropriateness of Fraternities and Sororities on Campus ⢠When Making Love Becomes Sex: Diversifying Love and Sex ⢠Price Comparison: Don\u27t Let the Cold Season Hurt Your Wallet ⢠Pledging in the Past ⢠Women\u27s Basketball Shoots Out Bryn Mawr to end 2002 Season ⢠Men\u27s Basketball Looks Toward Showdown with Franklin & Marshall ⢠Centennial Conference Wrestling Tournament Held at Ursinushttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1508/thumbnail.jp
Search algorithms as a framework for the optimization of drug combinations
Combination therapies are often needed for effective clinical outcomes in the
management of complex diseases, but presently they are generally based on
empirical clinical experience. Here we suggest a novel application of search
algorithms, originally developed for digital communication, modified to
optimize combinations of therapeutic interventions. In biological experiments
measuring the restoration of the decline with age in heart function and
exercise capacity in Drosophila melanogaster, we found that search algorithms
correctly identified optimal combinations of four drugs with only one third of
the tests performed in a fully factorial search. In experiments identifying
combinations of three doses of up to six drugs for selective killing of human
cancer cells, search algorithms resulted in a highly significant enrichment of
selective combinations compared with random searches. In simulations using a
network model of cell death, we found that the search algorithms identified the
optimal combinations of 6-9 interventions in 80-90% of tests, compared with
15-30% for an equivalent random search. These findings suggest that modified
search algorithms from information theory have the potential to enhance the
discovery of novel therapeutic drug combinations. This report also helps to
frame a biomedical problem that will benefit from an interdisciplinary effort
and suggests a general strategy for its solution.Comment: 36 pages, 10 figures, revised versio
The Grizzly, February 7, 2002
The Bluelight Hits a Stoplight: Kmart Files for Chapter 11 ⢠Reinstatement of Zeta Chi Charter On Hold ⢠Alan Morrison and Friends to Perform at Heefner Organ Recital ⢠Opinions: Not Everyone Loves Valentine\u27s Day; Tri Sig Strikes Back; Nowhere to Park ⢠Wynton Marsalis is Coming to Campus! ⢠Berman Museum: A Fun and Relaxing Alternative ⢠When the Weather Outside is Frightful ⢠Comparative Pricing Report: Cell Phone Plans ⢠Spring Fashion Preview for Women ⢠Record Breaking Results at Widener Invitational for UC Track & Field ⢠Hussey Twins are Double Trouble ⢠Bears Turn the Bullet in the Opposite Direction ⢠Gymnastics Gods Shine on Johnson; Girls Set Three School Records in Second Straight Win ⢠Men\u27s Basketball Splits Two League Games ⢠UC Women\u27s Basketball Hits Three Game Winning Streak ⢠UC Women\u27s Lacrosse Aiming for Final Four in 2002 ⢠Bears Swimming Claws Their way Through the Water, Falling Short to a Powerful Franklin and Marshall Teamhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1506/thumbnail.jp
The Grizzly, January 31, 2002
Ursinus Professors Weigh in on Latest Enron Scandal ⢠Back Again: New Member Education is in Full Swing at Ursinus ⢠Snell Symposium: Teaching Equality in Sports ⢠Internet Misconceptions on Campus ⢠September 11: Will the Attacks Affect Security at the 2002 Olympics? ⢠Opinions: Weighing the Choices of New Member Education; Where\u27s my Winter?; Effects of Kazaa and Bonza Buddy ⢠Maggiano\u27s Little Italy: Save Your Money and Eat at Home ⢠Great Events Sponsored by CAB ⢠Sharing Worlds: New Column on Campus Diversity ⢠Rushing ⢠Swimmers Give it Their All Against The Terrors ⢠Watson Qualifies for Indoor CC Championships ⢠Women\u27s B-ball Downed by Muhlenberg and Johns Hopkins in Second Half of Season ⢠Ursinus Wresting Shows the Centennial Conference They\u27ve Come to Fight ⢠Gymnastics Sweeps MIT and Rhode Island College ⢠Big Win Over Muhlenberg Highlights Week for Men\u27s Basketball ⢠All Star Jazz Sextet to Perform ⢠Ursinus College Film Festival to Present Uranushttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1505/thumbnail.jp
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