Factors affecting UK physically disabled children and young people participating in mainstream out-of-school activities: the children, young people and family perspective

Aims of study: To ascertain what out-of-school activities C&YP currently engage in and to determine the facilitators and barriers to participatio

Factors affecting UK physically disabled children and young people participating in mainstream out-of-school activities: Focus on personal care and training

Aims of study: To ascertain what out-of-school activities C&YP currently engage in and to determine the facilitators and barriers to participatio

Monkey’s Guide to Healthy Living and NHS Services An evaluation of the implementation of resources designed to support the learning of primary school aged children in England

A team of researchers from the Faculty of Education, Health and Community recently carried out a national evaluation project on behalf of the NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement. Colleagues from across the faculty were involved in evaluating the impact of resources provided to every primary school in England. The resources were designed to enable teachers and health professionals to work together to help children learn about the NHS and the range of services they could access if they required acute of emergency care

How Do We Know Co-Created Solutions Work Effectively within the Real World of People Living with Dementia? Learning Methodological Lessons from a Co-Creation-to-Evaluation Case Study

Living Labs (LL) are a novel and potentially robust way of addressing real-life health challenges, especially within the dementia field. Generally, LLs focus on co-creating through implementing the quadruple helix partnership as a user-centric approach to co-creating. In the context of this paper, the users were people with dementia and their informal carers. LL are not necessarily environments that evaluate these co-created innovations within the real world. Considering this disconnect between co-creation and real-world evaluation, this paper, as a critical commentary, will reflect on the methodological lessons learnt during the development of an LL model aimed at addressing this discrepancy. The LL at Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU) was commissioned to co-create and then evaluate a new Dementia Reablement Service. The case study findings revealed that the Dementia Reablement Service had a positive impact on the quality of life of people with dementia, suggesting that the service is a catalyst for positive change. In addition, the critical learning from this case study highlights the potential role of LLs in seamlessly co-creating and then evaluating the co-created solution within the real world. A benefit of this way of working is that it provides opportunities for LLs to secure access to traditional research funding

Real-World Validation of Health Innovation: a systematic review

b. Aim of review Real-World Data (RWD) and Real-World Evidence (RWE) are playing an increasing role in health care decisions. Electronic health records, the use of computers, mobile devices, wearables and other biosensors to gather and store huge amounts of health-related data has been rapidly accelerating. This data holds the potential to allow us to better design and conduct studies in the health care setting. Furthermore, Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT), the gold standard in the context of clinical guidelines, are time and resource-intensive, lack of generalizability and typically restricted to evaluating specific interventions one at a time. RCTs are being challenged by health care providers since they are looking for (RWE) to validate innovative interventions. This systematic review and meta-analysis will assess the literature to establishing a clearer definition and terminology of Real World Validation (RWV) including a better understanding of the associated methods, determining in how and in which contexts RWV has been used. c. Search and review methodology A systematic search of Cochrane Library, PubMed, MedLine (EBSCO), Web-of-Science (BIOSIS Citation Index, BIOSIS Previews, KCI-Korean journal database, Russian Science Citation Index, SciELO Citation Index), SCOPUS, and grey literature was performed independently by two reviewers using predefined criteria. d. Findings (Findings must be included and be relevant to the aims and/or objectives.) 1,153 records were identified, 254 titles and abstracted were scanned after the duplicates removed, 62 studies met the selection criteria and were considered for full-text review. e. Conclusions and implication The data collected suggested that Real-world Validation (RWV) is a cost-effective, relevant and adaptable mix-method user-inclusive methodology to assess the impact and benefits to patients, staff and the health economy, in a non-controlled environment by using RWD and RWE, of an innovation that has already undergone a pilot process. RWV generates insight, foresight, and explorative findings to bring a product to the healthcare market and to ensure its significance in clinical practice, grasping up with the principles of health economics and outcome research, thereby exhibiting the value of real‑world insights in healthcare decisio

Models of “Real World” health research: A critical review

Background The increasing call for real world evidence has resulted in a diverse range of studies being conducted using the broad “real world” descriptor. We conducted a critical review of how researchers are incorporating the real world in their evaluation of health innovations. Our aim was to develop a framework to categorise existing research approaches and to establish a more precise lexicon for real world health research models. Methods Five electronic databases were searched in July 2021 (PubMed, MEDLINE, Web-of-Science databases, Cochrane library and SCOPUS) for primary research articles presenting validations, evaluations, evidence or data drawn from real world, pragmatic or realist studies for health related innovations. 1762 records were identified. Two authors independently screened papers by title and abstract (n = 291), followed by a full-text screening (n = 104). 33 included studies were critically reviewed to determine the nature of the “real world” elements used in each of the research studies. Results It was shown that whilst authors used a wide variety of terms to describe their studies, they could be grouped into three categories according to the aim of the study. Two of the categories, the pragmatic study and the proof of concept study were derived from current published definitions. We identify the need for a category that provides evidence on the population using an innovation, rather than as an evaluation of the innovation itself. Conclusions We propose a fourth category – real world validation – and explain why it should be reserved for evidence meeting very specific criteria

Proxy evidence for state-dependence of climate sensitivity in the Eocene greenhouse

Despite recent advances, the link between the evolution of atmospheric CO2 and climate during the Eocene greenhouse remains uncertain. In particular, modelling studies suggest that in order to achieve the global warmth that characterised the early Eocene, warmer climates must be more sensitive to CO2 forcing than colder climates. Here, we test this assertion in the geological record by combining a new high-resolution boron isotope-based CO2 record with novel estimates of Global Mean Temperature. We find that Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity (ECS) was indeed higher during the warmest intervals of the Eocene, agreeing well with recent model simulations, and declined through the Eocene as global climate cooled. These observations indicate that the canonical IPCC range of ECS (1.5 to 4.5 °C per doubling) is unlikely to be appropriate for high-CO2 warm climates of the past, and the state dependency of ECS may play an increasingly important role in determining the state of future climate as the Earth continues to warm