Additional file 1: of Ticks are more suitable than red foxes for monitoring zoonotic tick-borne pathogens in northeastern Italy

Table S1. Ticks collected in 2011–2016 organized in pools, data of sites and results of molecular screening. (XLS 172 kb

Additional file 3: of Ticks are more suitable than red foxes for monitoring zoonotic tick-borne pathogens in northeastern Italy

Figure S2. Pattern of tick-borne pathogens found in Ixodes ricinus in the five permanent sites according to year of sampling. Abbreviations: Apha, Anaplasma pagocytophilum; Bbs.l., Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) complex; Bafz, Borrelia afzelii; Bbs.s., Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu stricto); Bval, Borrelia valaisiana; CNmi, “Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis”; Rhel, Richettsia helvetica; Rmon, Rickettsia monacensis. (TIFF 161 kb

Phylogeographic analysis of 77 European WNV-2 isolates forming a single monophyletic group.

<p>The branches of the maximum clade credibility (MCC) tree are coloured on the basis of the most probable location of the descendent nodes (AT = Austria; CZ = Czech Republic; GR = Greece; HU = Hungary; IT = Italy; SR = Serbia). The numbers on the internal nodes indicate significant posterior probabilities (pp >0.7), and the scale at the bottom of the tree represents calendar years. The main geographical clades are highlighted.</p

Maximum likelihood tree of the 97 West Nile virus complete genome sequences.

<p>The European clades have been highlighted (blue circles). The Italian clades are identified by red triangles. The scale bar indicates 3% of nucleotide divergence.</p

Population dynamics analysis of the European monophyletic clade of WNV-2. Bayesian skyline plot (BSP).

<p>The effective number of infections is indicated on the Y axis, and time on the X-axis. The coloured area corresponds to the credibility interval based on the 95% highest posterior density interval (HPD).</p

Estimated times of the most recent common ancestors (tMRCAs) of the main clades and credibility intervals (95%HPD), with calendar years, most probable locations, and state posterior probabilities (spp) of the 77 complete genomes of West Nile virus.

<p>Estimated times of the most recent common ancestors (tMRCAs) of the main clades and credibility intervals (95%HPD), with calendar years, most probable locations, and state posterior probabilities (spp) of the 77 complete genomes of West Nile virus.</p