44 research outputs found
Functional outcomes and rehabilitation strategies in patients treated with chemoradiotherapy for advanced head and neck cancer: a systematic review
Membrane vesicles, current state-of-the-art: emerging role of extracellular vesicles
Release of membrane vesicles, a process conserved in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, represents an evolutionary link, and suggests essential functions of a dynamic extracellular vesicular compartment (including exosomes, microparticles or microvesicles and apoptotic bodies). Compelling evidence supports the significance of this compartment in a broad range of physiological and pathological processes. However, classification of membrane vesicles, protocols of their isolation and detection, molecular details of vesicular release, clearance and biological functions are still under intense investigation. Here, we give a comprehensive overview of extracellular vesicles. After discussing the technical pitfalls and potential artifacts of the rapidly emerging field, we compare results from meta-analyses of published proteomic studies on membrane vesicles. We also summarize clinical implications of membrane vesicles. Lessons from this compartment challenge current paradigms concerning the mechanisms of intercellular communication and immune regulation. Furthermore, its clinical implementation may open new perspectives in translational medicine both in diagnostics and therapy
A 1,000-loci transcript map of the barley genome: new anchoring points for integrative grass genomics
An integrated barley transcript map (consensus
map) comprising 1,032 expressed sequence tag
(EST)-based markers (total 1,055 loci: 607 RFLP, 190
SSR, and 258 SNP), and 200 anchor markers from previously
published data, has been generated by mapping
in three doubled haploid (DH) populations. Between
107 and 179 EST-based markers were allocated to the
seven individual barley linkage groups. The map covers
1118.3 cM with individual linkage groups ranging from
130 cM (chromosome 4H) to 199 cM (chromosome
3H), yielding an average marker interval distance of
0.9 cM. 475 EST-based markers showed a syntenic
organisation to known colinear linkage groups of the
rice genome, providing an extended insight into the
status of barley/rice genome colinearity as well as
ancient genome duplications predating the divergence
of rice and barley. The presented barley transcript map
is a valuable resource for targeted marker saturation
and identiWcation of candidate genes at agronomically
important loci. It provides new anchor points for
detailed studies in comparative grass genomics and will
support future attempts towards the integration of
genetic and physical mapping information