Personalgruppens psykologi

Personalgruppens psykologi ger en grundläggande översikt över de psykologiska processer som kännetecknar en personalgrupp. Enkelt och lättillgängligt presenterar författarna teorier och begrepp som kan fungera som redskap för att förstå arbetslagets och samarbetets psykologiska villkor. Teori varvas med praktiska övningar och resonemang kring hur samarbetsproblem och konflikter kan förebyggas och bearbetas. Boken innehåller bland annat avsnitt om konstruktiva och destruktiva grupprocesser, möjligheter och hinder i kommunikation, ledarskapets villkor och fallgropar, arbetslag i kris och förändring, konflikt och konfliktbearbetning samt skapande av sammanhållning och förutsättningar för prestation och produktivitet.Den här tredje upplagan är uppdaterad och innehåller ett nytt kapitel om villkor för gruppers sammanhållning.Boken är avsedd för grundläggande universitets- och högskole­utbildningar samt för personalutbildningar inom myndigheter och organisationer

Collective Collapse and Performance Contagion in Basketball

In this thesis, collective collapse in basketball is investigated. Although experienced by most team sport players, the phenomenon still puzzles the world of sports. Collective collapse is described as a sudden decrease in performance quality by a sport team, often with a devastating effect on the game outcome. The condition implies a social process, i.e. there is an impact on a majority of the team’s players that in turn influences the performance of the individual player. The phenomenon has received little scientific attention, thus there are no “ready to use” theories at hand to explain it. In Study I, a qualitative method is used to describe athletes’ and coaches’ experiences of collective collapse in basketball. A simulated recall interview technique is used where data is analysed according to the interpretative phenomenological method, resulting in a hierarchical structure of clusters. The clusters illustrate a collective collapse as a certain pattern of behaviour on the level of team and individual (passivity, individualism), emotional experience during the collective collapse episode (frustration, irritation) and group dynamic factors (lack of leadership and communication). In Study II, an experimental situation is set up where the intention is to artificially evoke participants’ poor performance when competing in a basketball shooting task. This is done by confronting them with a (pre-instructed) underperforming teammate (“the confederate”) used for manipulation. However, when compared with the control condition, the participants are not found to have been influenced, but they believe they have been. In Study III, archival data from basketball performance statistics is used for an intraclass correlational design. The results indicate that performance contagion exists. The conclusions drawn from the three studies are that collective collapse can be explained as a process beginning with a performance anomaly, where some players perform below expected standards at the same time as a function of chance, but where the anomaly is perceived as having a psychological mechanism. Such poor performance might develop into a contagious condition, where individuals influence each other to perform worse and worse, resulting in a downward spiral. A collective collapse can be viewed as a group dynamic phenomenon where roles and functions within the social structure of the team are ruptured, which in turn weakens the performance of the individual, accentuating dysfunctional behaviour for both individual and team. One explanation does not exclude the other, since a combination of factors appear to operate simultaneously

Lived experiences of patients undergoing treatment for traumatic knee injury using integrated psychological training (MOTIFS) in the context of care-as-usual training : a phenomenological interview study

The objective was to increase understanding of how knee-injured people make sense of using the Motor Imagery to Facilitate Sensorimotor Re-Learning (MOTIFS) training intervention. This model integrates structured psychological skills training into existing care-as-usual (CaU) rehabilitation protocols. To better understand patients' lived experiences of MOTIFS, it was necessary to understand those of CaU training. Interviews were conducted with five people undergoing knee-injury rehabilitation according to the MOTIFS model, as well as seven receiving treatment according to CaU. Interpretive phenomenological analysis was used to explore patients' lived experiences. Results indicate that patients in the MOTIFS group perceive individualised meaning and sport relevance in their rehabilitation training. Imagery is perceived to be a concrete strategy that can be difficult, but encourages a biopsychosocial interaction to improve confidence, motivation, enjoyment and sport-relevant context, thereby aiding in physically and psychologically preparing patients for return to activity. CaU training is discussed in terms of physical factors, though patients identify psychological factors as important, perceiving a lack of focus on this, resulting in inadequate psychological readiness to return to activity. In conclusion, the MOTIFS model is perceived as focusing more on psychological factors in rehabilitation, helping to develop coping strategies and physically and psychologically prepare for return to activity. Patients in the CaU group perceive rehabilitation training as restoring strength and function, but lack structured psychological strategies to aid in return to activity preparation

Lived experiences of physical therapists treating traumatic knee injury using integrated psychological training (MOTIFS): a qualitative interview study

BackgroundThe novel Motor Imagery to Facilitate Sensorimotor Re-Learning (MOTIFS) training model, which began development in 2018, integrates psychological training into physical rehabilitation in knee-injured people.ObjectiveThis qualitative interview study aims to understand, interpret, and describe how physical therapists perceive using the MOTIFS Model.MethodsOne-on-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with six physical therapists familiar with the MOTIFS model and eight with experience with care-as-usual training only, analyzed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis.ResultsTwo major themes were generated in the MOTIFS group: 1) “MOTIFS increases psychological focus during rehabilitation training”; and 2) “Care-as-Usual training is mainly physical, and lacks the necessary psychological focus.” Physical therapists perceived structured methods of addressing psychological factors, such as using imagery to influence patients’ motivation, fear, and preparation for return to activity. Three major themes were generated in the Care-as-Usual group: 1) “Rehabilitation is mainly to restore physical function”; 2) “Rehabilitation training includes a biopsychosocial interaction”; and 3) “Psychological factors are important to address, but strategies are lacking.”ConclusionPhysical therapists perceive MOTIFS as a method of consciously shifting perspective toward an increased focus on psychological factors in knee-injury rehabilitation. Results indicate that a training model with integrated psychological strategies to create more holistic rehabilitation may be beneficial

Effect of motor imagery on enjoyment in knee-injury prevention and rehabilitation training : A randomized crossover study

Objectives: The novel MOTor Imagery to Facilitate Sensorimotor Re-Learning (MOTIFS) model takes a uniquely holistic approach by integrating mental and physical aspects into current training programs. The aim of this trial was to evaluate enjoyment of MOTIFS training as compared to Care-as-Usual (CaU) knee injury and/or rehabilitation training. The primary hypothesis was that enjoyment would be greater following MOTIFS training than CaU training. Design: Block-randomized 2 × 2 cross-over trial. Methods: Thirty athletes (18−31 years, 50% women) currently or previously active in team ball sports, with no pain or injury preventing jump and/or directional changes. MOTIFS training integrates sport-specific experiences and equipment into physical exercises to increase individualized realism and meaning. The CaU condition included solely physical exercise. The main outcome was the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES). Secondary outcomes included Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM; subscales Valence, Arousal, Dominance), Perceived exertion, pulse, duration, and movement quality. Results: PACES scores were better following MOTIFS training than CaU (point estimate 24.67; 95% CI: 19.0; 30.3). Between-groups differences in SAM Valence (median 2, quartiles 1;3), Arousal (median 1, quartiles 0;2.25), and Dominance (median 0.5, quartiles 0;2), and RPE (median 1, quartiles −0.3;2), training duration (mean 5.34, 95% CI: −0.17; −0.73), and pulse (median 7.50, quartiles 0.25;16.75) were higher following MOTIFS training than CaU training. Conclusions: Results suggest that the MOTIFS model, which integrates simultaneous physical and psychological interventions, is a clinically plausible method of influencing enjoyment and other psychological outcomes. Further studies may explore effects of the MOTIFS principles on injury prevention and rehabilitation training