Model of Critical Factors for Outsourcing Agile Development

Companies are beginning to combine outsourcing with Agile software engineering techniques with the goal of receiving the benefits of both – faster time to market, greater quality, and smaller costs. Since Agile was originally developed to work principally with small collocated teams, scalability of Agile to the enterprise, and simultaneous use of Agile and outsourcing are questions concerning applicability of Agile techniques to global business environments. This paper first summarizes current experience studies and research in Agile, enterprise Agile and Agile outsourcing, to identify factors likely to affect success on Agile projects. It then extends a model originally developed by Chow and Cao (2007) to account for these factors. Finally it outlines an experiment whose goal is to determine which of these factors drives successful projects that use both Agile and outsourcing

Comparisons of Sampling Procedures and Time of Sampling for the Detection of Salmonella in Danish Infected Chicken Flocks Raised in Floor Systems

Bacteriological follow-up samples were taken from 41 chicken (Gallus gallus) flocks in floor systems, where Salmonella enterica (Salmonella) had been detected either directly in bacteriological samples or indirectly by serological samples. Three types of follow-up samples were compared to each other within each flock: 1) 5 pairs of socks, analysed as 5 samples, 2) 2 pairs of socks, analysed as one sample, and 3) 60 faecal samples, analysed as one pooled sample. Agreement between sampling methods was evaluated by the following statistical tests: 'Kappa', 'The adjusted rand', McNemar's test for marginal symmetry, Proportion of agreement P(0), P(+), P(-), and Odds Ratio. The highest agreement was found between the 2 types of sock sampling, while the lowest agreement was found by comparing 60 faecal samples with 5 pairs of socks. Two pairs of socks analysed as one pool appeared to be just as effective in detecting S. enterica as the 60 faecal samples. In broiler flocks, 5 pairs of socks were used both in the routine samples taken at about 3 weeks of age for the establishment of infection of the flock, and as one of the follow-up samples taken shortly before slaughter age, which means that the only notable differences between the 2 sampling rounds were the age of the broilers and of their litter. S. enterica was detected more frequently in samples from broilers about 3 weeks old, than in similar samples taken from broilers a few days prior to slaughter at ca. 33–40 days of age

Assessing Children With Disabilities Using WHO International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Child and Youth Version Activities and Participation D Codes

Aim: Evaluation of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health child and youth version (ICF-CY) activities and participation d code functions in clinical practice with children across diagnoses, disabilities, ages, and genders. Methods: A set of 57 codes were selected and worded to describe children’s support needs in everyday life. Parents of children aged 1 to 15 years participated in interviews to discuss and rate their child’s disability. Results: Of 367 invited parents, 332 (90.5%) participated. The mean age of their children with disability was 9.4 years. The mean code scores were 50.67, the corrected code–total correlations were .76, intercode correlations had the mean of 0.61, and Cronbach’s α was .98. As a result of Rasch analysis, graphical data for disability measures paralleled clinical expectations across the total population of 332 children. Conclusion: The World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health child and youth version d code data can provide a coherent measure of severity of disability in children across various diagnoses, ages, and genders

‘Une laine bien plus douce que celle des moutons’ à El-Deir (oasis de Kharga): le coton au cœur de l’économie oasienne à l’époque romaine

International audienceCette contribution ambitionne de démontrer l’existence d’une économie oasienne spécifique au cœur du Sahara antique. Dans ce réseau d’échanges, nous postulons que la Grande oasis du désert Libyque, entité formée par les oasis de Kharga et de Dakhla, n’a jamais été, comme on le lit trop souvent, un simple débouché des produits de la Vallée du Nil . Elle est bien au contraire un jalon central de la connectivité saharienne. Pour étayer cette thèse, nous avons fait le choix d’étudier un marqueur inattendu des échanges entre Afrique et Égypte : le coton oasien, davantage pertinent à notre sens que le matériel céramique pour mener à terme une telle enquête. Nous élaborons à partir de cette étude une proposition de modèles économique, fondé sur une agriculture de rente associée à la manufacture de produits à haute valeur ajoutée, dans les oasis de Kharga et dakhla à l'époque romaine

L’Université de Lille iii au Soudan : un demi siècle de fouilles, de coopération et de formation

Cet article présente les activités de recherche archéologique de l’Université Lille III et ses implications en termes de coopération et de patrimoine au Soudan. À partir des années soixante, l’investissement au Soudan de l’Université de Lille III a d’importantes répercussions. C’est Jean Vercoutter qui, le premier, amène l’Institut d’égyptologie de l’Université à s’investir dans ce pays. Depuis, celui-ci mène différentes fouilles dans la région, en coopération à partir de 1990 avec l’unité CNRS qui lui est rattachée. Dès Jean Vercoutter, l’Université s’intéresse aux cultures locales. Ses successeurs développent une approche multidisciplinaire. Cet investissement a apporté des bénéfices conséquents en matière de connaissance du patrimoine historique soudanais, de coopération franco-soudanaise, de formation et de développement de la discipline.This article presents the archaeological research of the Université de Lille III and its implications in terms of cooperation and heritage-making in Sudan. Since the 1960’s, this University has been involved in Sudanese archaeological research with important outcomes. Jean Vercoutter was the first to involve the University’s Institut d’Egyptologie in this country. Since then, this Institut has excavated many sites in the region and is still working on several sites in cooperation with the CNRS unit which is attached to it since 1990. These researches always focused on local cultures but Vercoutter’s successors developed a multidisciplinary approach. This investment has brought substantial benefits in terms of knowledge of the historical and archaeological heritage of Sudan, Sudanese-French cooperation, training and, development of the discipline

Effect of Minimally Invasive Endotracheal Tube Suctioning on Suction-Related Pain, Airway Clearance and Airway Trauma in intubated Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Due to the frequency and risks associated with endotracheal suctioning, there is a need to examine clinical practice critically and identify clinical research to guide practice. Correct technique and preparation by the clinicians can assist to reduce the risks of adverse events and the level of discomfort for the patients. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the effects of routine versus the minimally invasive endotracheal tube suctioning procedure on suction-related pain, airway clearance and airway trauma in patients who were intubated. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 64 patients with intubation in the intensive care units (ICUs) of Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, were randomly allocated to minimally invasive endotracheal tube suctioning (MIETS) and routine endotracheal tube suctioning (RETS) groups. Pain intensity was assessed immediately before, immediately after and 10 minutes after endotracheal tube suctioning (ETS). Airway clearance was defined by numbers of suctioning and airway trauma noted after suctioning. The Chisquare test, independent T-test, and repeated measures analysis of variance were performed to analyze the data. Results: There wasnosignificant difference in thenumberof suctions needed to effectively clear airway between the two groups. No significant differences were observed in the pain score changes during the three -time measurements in the MIETS group. However, in the RETS group the increase of pain scores were statistically significant during the three- time measurements. In addition, the numberof airway traumatizationwassignificantly higher in the RETS group. Thenumberof medications used as a pain relief during 10 minutes after the ETS was significantly higher in the RETS group. Conclusions: The results of the study suggest that using MIETS instead of RETS caused a lower incidence of airway traumatization and lower suction-related pain intensity. In addition, MIETS was sufficiently effective, the same as RETS, to remove airway secretions. Hence, MIETS may be useful to reduce the complications of ETS as long as being effective to remove airway secretions