2 research outputs found
Postępowanie w niespodziewanych trudnych drogach oddechowych u dzieci — stanowisko Sekcji Anestezjologii i Intensywnej Terapii Dziecięcej, Sekcji Przyrządowego Udrażniania Dróg Oddechowych Polskiego Towarzystwa Anestezjologii i Intensywnej Terapii oraz Po
Tracheal intubation may be defined as an artificial airway established in order to provide mechanical ventilation of the
lungs during surgical procedures under general anaesthesia, treatment in an intensive care unit, as well as in emergency
situations. Difficulties encountered during intubation may cause hypoxia, hypoxic brain injury and, in extreme situations,
may result in the patient’s death. There may be unanticipated and anticipated difficult airway. Children form a specific group
of patients as there are significant differences in both anatomy and physiology. There are some limitations in equipment
used for the airway management in children. There are only few paediatric difficult airway guidelines available, some of
which have significant limitations. The presented algorithm was created by a group of specialists who represent the Polish
Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, as well as the Polish Neonatology Society. This algorithm is intended
for the unanticipated difficult airway in children and can be used in all age groups. It covers both elective intubation, as
well as rescue techniques. A guide forms an integral part of the algorithm. It describes in detail all stages of the algorithm
considering some modifications in a specific age group, e.g. neonates. The main aim of Stage I is to optimise conditions
for face mask ventilation, laryngoscopy and intubation. Stage IIA focuses on maximising the chances of successful intubation
when face mask ventilation is possible. Stage IIB outlines actions aimed at improving face mask ventilation. Stage IIIA
describes the use of a SAD (Supraglottic Airway Device) during effective face mask ventilation or in a CICV (Cannot Intubate,
Cannot Ventilate) situation. Stage IIIB outlines intubation through a SAD. Stage IV describes rescue techniques and outlines
possible options of either proceeding with surgery or postponing it, depending on clinical situation