Citation sentence reuse behavior of scientists: A case study on massive bibliographic text dataset of computer science

Our current knowledge of scholarly plagiarism is largely based on the similarity between full text research articles. In this paper, we propose an innovative and novel conceptualization of scholarly plagiarism in the form of reuse of explicit citation sentences in scientific research articles. Note that while full-text plagiarism is an indicator of a gross-level behavior, copying of citation sentences is a more nuanced micro-scale phenomenon observed even for well-known researchers. The current work poses several interesting questions and attempts to answer them by empirically investigating a large bibliographic text dataset from computer science containing millions of lines of citation sentences. In particular, we report evidences of massive copying behavior. We also present several striking real examples throughout the paper to showcase widespread adoption of this undesirable practice. In contrast to the popular perception, we find that copying tendency increases as an author matures. The copying behavior is reported to exist in all fields of computer science; however, the theoretical fields indicate more copying than the applied fields

Intention to use and Adoption of IT Innovations in Organizations: A Meta-Analytic Examination of the Moderating Role of Innovation Type and Socio-Economic Context

Present paper conducts a meta-analysis of the innovation features that influence the intention to use and adoption of information technology (IT) innovation in the organizations. Previous studies that assessed the influence of innovation features on intention to use and adoption have found inconsistent results and thus created confusion among academicians and practitioners. Present study consolidates the findings of previous studies using meta-analysis to reveal the key factors behind organizations’ intention to use and adoption of IT innovations. The study takes a step further by also determining the moderating role of innovation type (product vs. service innovations) and socio-economic context (developing vs. developed countries) on the relationships of innovation features with intention to use and adoption of IT innovations. It also provides multiple insightful theoretical and practical implications

Role of multidetector computed tomography in evaluation of suspected bronchogenic carcinoma

Background: Bronchogenic  carcinoma  is  the  leading cause  of  cancer  deaths  in  developed  countries  and  is  rising  at  alarming  rates  in developing countries. Deaths due to lung cancer are more than those due to colorectal, breast and prostate cancers put together.  CT remains the routine imaging procedure for determining resectability and assessing intra- and extra thoracic spread of lung cancer.Methods: 30 patients with strong clinical / radiological suspicious of bronchogenic carcinoma were included in this study. MDCT was carried out and its provisional diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma was correlated with pathological diagnosis obtained on bronchoscopic biopsy / CT guided FNAC.Results: Patient’s age ranged between 45 to 80 years with the mean age of 59 years. There was significant male preponderance (26 males) with smoking being the most common risk factor (83.3%). Cough (83.3%) and dyspnea (80%) were the commonest symptoms. The most common radiological manifestation was central hilar mass seen in 20 (66.6%) patients and peripheral mass seen in 10 (33.3%) patients. Provisional CT diagnosis was found in complete correlation with pathological diagnosis made on bronchoscopy biopsy/ CT guided FNAC in 28 (93.3%) patients and others 2 patients diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis, non caseating granulomatous inflammation on histopathological diagnosis. Squamous cell carcinoma was the commonest histopathological type seen in 16 (53.3%) patients followed by adenocarcinoma seen in 8 (26.6%) patients.Conclusions: Multidetector computed tomography plays an important role in evaluating and staging of bronchogenic carcinoma.CT had the high predictive value in evaluating bronchogenic carcinoma and found to be 93.3%.

Utility of systemic immune-inflammation Index as a serum biomarker to differentiate between complicated and simple para-pneumonic effusion

The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a novel inflammatory biomarker. Simple and complicated para-pneumonic effusion (PPE) are two significant complications of pneumonia. We evaluated the efficacy of the systemic immune inflammation index (SII) to differentiate between the two. Records of all children up to 18 years of age admitted between April 2019 and September 2022 and diagnosed with Simple or complicated PPE were retrospectively evaluated. SII and other biomarkers were compared between both groups. ROC with the Youden index was used to estimate the discriminative value of SII. Fifty children were enrolled with a median (IQR) age of 81.5 (36.7, 133.5) months; 31 (62%) were male. Thirty-one (62%) had complicated PPE, and 19 (38%) had simple PPE. SII was significantly higher in complicated PPE (p=0.007). Good areas under the curve (AUCs) were found for CRP (0.771) and SII (0.736) to differentiate complicated from simple PPE. The best cut-off value for SII to differentiate complicated PPE from simple PPE was 1557×103µL, with a sensitivity of 82.4% and specificity of 57.6%. SII can be used as a screening tool to differentiate between complicated and simple PPE at the time of presentation

Assessment methods and resource requirements for milestone reporting by an emergency medicine clinical competency committee

BACKGROUND: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) introduced milestones for Emergency Medicine (EM) in 2012. Clinical Competency Committees (CCC) are tasked with assessing residents on milestones and reporting them to the ACGME. Appropriate workflows for CCCs are not well defined. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to compare different approaches to milestone assessment by a CCC, quantify resource requirements for each and to identify the most efficient workflow. DESIGN: Three distinct processes for rendering milestone assessments were compared: Full milestone assessments (FMA) utilizing all available resident assessment data, Ad-hoc milestone assessments (AMA) created by multiple expert educators using their personal assessment of resident performance, Self-assessments (SMA) completed by residents. FMA were selected as the theoretical gold standard. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to analyze for agreement between different assessment methods. Kendall\u27s coefficient was used to assess the inter-rater agreement for the AMA. RESULTS: All 13 second-year residents and 7 educational faculty of an urban EM Residency Program participated in the study in 2013. Substantial or better agreement between FMA and AMA was seen for 8 of the 23 total subcompetencies (PC4, PC8, PC9, PC11, MK, PROF2, ICS2, SBP2), and for 1 subcompetency (SBP1) between FMA and SMA. Multiple AMA for individual residents demonstrated substantial or better interobserver agreement in 3 subcompetencies (PC1, PC2, and PROF2). FMA took longer to complete compared to AMA (80.9 vs. 5.3 min, p \u3c 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Using AMA to evaluate residents on the milestones takes significantly less time than FMA. However, AMA and SMA agree with FMA on only 8 and 1 subcompetencies, respectively. An estimated 23.5 h of faculty time are required each month to fulfill the requirement for semiannual reporting for a residency with 42 trainees

Assessment methods and resource requirements for milestone reporting by an emergency medicine clinical competency committee.

BACKGROUND: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) introduced milestones for Emergency Medicine (EM) in 2012. Clinical Competency Committees (CCC) are tasked with assessing residents on milestones and reporting them to the ACGME. Appropriate workflows for CCCs are not well defined. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to compare different approaches to milestone assessment by a CCC, quantify resource requirements for each and to identify the most efficient workflow. DESIGN: Three distinct processes for rendering milestone assessments were compared: Full milestone assessments (FMA) utilizing all available resident assessment data, Ad-hoc milestone assessments (AMA) created by multiple expert educators using their personal assessment of resident performance, Self-assessments (SMA) completed by residents. FMA were selected as the theoretical gold standard. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to analyze for agreement between different assessment methods. Kendall\u27s coefficient was used to assess the inter-rater agreement for the AMA. RESULTS: All 13 second-year residents and 7 educational faculty of an urban EM Residency Program participated in the study in 2013. Substantial or better agreement between FMA and AMA was seen for 8 of the 23 total subcompetencies (PC4, PC8, PC9, PC11, MK, PROF2, ICS2, SBP2), and for 1 subcompetency (SBP1) between FMA and SMA. Multiple AMA for individual residents demonstrated substantial or better interobserver agreement in 3 subcompetencies (PC1, PC2, and PROF2). FMA took longer to complete compared to AMA (80.9 vs. 5.3 min, p \u3c 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Using AMA to evaluate residents on the milestones takes significantly less time than FMA. However, AMA and SMA agree with FMA on only 8 and 1 subcompetencies, respectively. An estimated 23.5 h of faculty time are required each month to fulfill the requirement for semiannual reporting for a residency with 42 trainees

Acute Presentation of Undiagnosed Hereditary Angioedema of the Larynx: Averting Death

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) differs from histamine-mediated angioedema in that it is resistant to steroids and antihistamines. Laryngeal attacks of this condition, if not diagnosed timely, carry a mortality rate up to 34%. Rarely, this disease goes undiagnosed until late adulthood and presents a life-threatening episode that poses a management challenge to the emergency physician. We report the case of a 48-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with progressive breathing difficulty two hours after consuming a carbonated drink. Clinical examination revealed supraglottic edema. He did not respond to steroids or antihistamines and required emergency tracheostomy to secure the airway due to failed intubation. Absence of symptoms such as itching or urticaria and inadequate response to steroids pointed to hereditary angioedema. Low complement factor 4 levels with low C1 esterase inhibitor functionality confirmed the diagnosis. This case report highlights the fact that delayed presentation of HAE can be life threatening and the diagnosis should be considered in all non-atopic adult patients with angioedema

Results of the minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting angiographic patency study

ObjectiveMinimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting is safe and widely applicable, and may be associated with fewer transfusions and infections, and better recovery than standard coronary artery bypass grafting. However, graft patency rates remain unknown. The Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Patency Study prospectively evaluated angiographic graft patency 6 months after minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting.MethodsIn this dual-center study, 91 patients were prospectively enrolled to undergo minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting via a 4- to 7-cm left thoracotomy approach. The left internal thoracic artery, the ascending aorta for proximal anastomoses, and all coronary targets were directly accessed without endoscopic or robotic assistance. The study primary outcome was graft patency at 6 months, using 64-slice computed tomography angiography. Secondary outcomes included conversions to sternotomy and major adverse cardiovascular events (Clinical Trial Registration Unique identifier: NCT01334866).ResultsThe mean age of patients was 64 ± 8 years, the mean ejection fraction was 51% ± 11%, and there were 10 female patients (11%) in the study. Surgeries were performed entirely off-pump in 68 patients (76%). Complete revascularization was achieved in all patients, and the median number of grafts was 3. There was no perioperative mortality, no conversion to sternotomy, and 2 reopenings for bleeding. Transfusion occurred in 24 patients (26%). The median length of hospital stay was 4 days, and all patients were followed to 6 months, with no mortality or major adverse cardiovascular events. Six-month computed tomography angiographic graft patency was 92% for all grafts and 100% for left internal thoracic artery grafts.ConclusionsMinimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting is safe, feasible, and associated with excellent outcomes and graft patency at 6 months post-surgery