Private Suits Under Washington\u27s Consumer Protection Act: The Public Interest Requirement

This comment discusses the current state of the law in the area of private remedies for unfair business practices and focuses on two questions: (1) Is the public interest requirement for private suits under the Act justified? (2) What are the appropriate tests for finding an effect on the public interest? The comment concludes that the statutory purpose and historical context justify the public interest requirement but that the Washington courts have not yet developed a sufficiently specific test for determining when the requirement has been met. A specific test is therefore suggested to fulfill the appropriate function of the private remedy. The proposed test requires the presence of (1) unequal bargaining power, (2) solicitation or public offering, and (3) the probability of repetition of the transaction which forms the basis of the complaint. This three-part test explains the results in the Washington cases and adheres to the proper scope of the private remedy. The specificity of this test should aid both courts and private litigants in their determination whether a given transaction sufficiently affects the public interest to bring it within the Act\u27s protection

Thrombospondin in Early Human Wound Tissue

We examined partial thickness incised human wounds of 2, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days of age for the presence of thrombospondin by immunostaining and light microscopy. At 2, 3, 5, and 7 days after wounding, thrombospondin is present primarily at the cut edges of the lateral and deep margins of the wound. It appears to be cleared from these extracellular matrix sites, and is no longer detectable in those sites in most 14-day-old wounds. Thrombospondin staining is present, however, in increased amounts around the vascular channels within and adjacent to the 7- and 14- day wounds in increased amounts relative to vascular channels distant from the wound. Our observations are consistent with known in vitro data regarding the binding of thrombospondin to fibrin and components of the extracellular matrix, as well as with data showing that proliferating endothelial cells secrete more thrombospondin than quiescent endothelial cells. These data support the hypothesis that thrombospondin plays a role in the early organization of the extracellular matrix of wounds

DIFFERENCES IN READING PERFORMANCE OF TEXAS ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS AS A FUNCTION OF ECONOMIC STATUS, GENDER, AND ETHNICITY/RACE: A MULTIYEAR STATEWIDE STUDY

Purpose The purpose of this journal-ready dissertation was to examine the extent to which degree of economic status, gender, and ethnicity/race are related to the reading achievement of Texas elementary school students. The first purpose was to analyze the degree to which differences exist in reading performance by degree of economic disadvantage for elementary school students. A second purpose was to examine the extent to which differences are present in reading performance between boys and girls in elementary schools. Finally, a third purpose was to determine the extent to which differences are present in reading performance for four different ethnic/racial groups (i.e., Asian, White, Hispanic, and Black) of elementary school students. Archival data from the Texas Education Agency Public Education Information Management System was analyzed to make these determinations. A multiyear statewide analysis of academic performance of the state-mandated reading assessments in Grade 3 was used to determine the degree to which trends were present in reading performance by economic status, between boys and girls, and among different ethnic/racial groups. Method A causal-comparative research design was used in this quantitative study. Grade 3 STAAR archival data were obtained for the 2012-2013 through the 2014-2015 school years. Each of the three Reporting Categories was analyzed to determine if differences existed by degree of economic status, gender, and ethnic/racial groupings. Additionally, the percentage of students meeting the Level II Final Satisfactory Performance Standard was analyzed to determine progress in closing historic achievement gaps. Findings Students who were extremely poor had statistically significant lower average scores than students who were moderately poor on the Grade 3 STAAR Reading assessment. Both groups of students in poverty had lower reading scores than students who were not poor. Boys had statistically significantly lower average scores than girls in all reporting categories. Trends present across ethnic/racial groups were that Hispanic and Black students had statistically significantly lower average scores than Asian and White students and Black students had the statistically significant lowest average scores. Results were congruent with the existing literature regarding economic status, gender, and ethnicity/race as factors influencing literacy