Uplink Performance of Large Optimum-Combining Antenna Arrays in Poisson-Cell Networks

The uplink of a wireless network with base stations distributed according to a Poisson Point Process (PPP) is analyzed. The base stations are assumed to have a large number of antennas and use linear minimum-mean-square-error (MMSE) spatial processing for multiple access. The number of active mobiles per cell is limited to permit channel estimation using pilot sequences that are orthogonal in each cell. The cumulative distribution function (CDF) of a randomly located link in a typical cell of such a system is derived when accurate channel estimation is available. A simple bound is provided for the spectral efficiency when channel estimates suffer from pilot contamination. The results provide insight into the performance of so-called massive Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems in spatially distributed cellular networks

Evaluating Consumer Usage of Nutritional Labeling: The Influence of Socio-Economic Characteristics

The majority of consumers report making frequent use of nutritional labeling when purchasing food products. However, certain segments appear to place a greater emphasis on food product labels than others. This study empirically evaluates which demographic characteristics encourage consumers to be more likely to take nutritional labels into account when purchasing grocery products. The results indicate that females, older individuals, and those living in suburban and rural areas are the most likely to make use of nutritional labeling. The results also indicate that larger households were less likely to use nutritional labeling.Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

Cfd Of Double-Wedge Spiked Intake Of The Supersonic Jet Engine

Intake of the Supersonic Jet Engine requires the highest possible total pressure recovery and minimal total pressure lost in order to obtain an efficient operation. The supersonic intake is mainly affected by two substantial factors which is the geometry of the spike (double-wedge) and the angle of attack. The solution is quite direct at zero angle of attack, but at non zero angle of attack, the shock system structure will be affected and the flow distribution will be unsymmetrical in the upper (leeside) and the lower side (windward side) of the inlet. The objective of this work is to model mathematically the double-wedge spiked intake of the supersonic jet engine. The analysis will be carried out using the assumptions that the flow is viscous, steady and 2-dimensional compressible fluid flow. The whole system will be simulated and analysed numerically using CFD softwares. The available FLUENT and GAMBIT software in the department will be used for the modelling simulation. Finally this model will be used to investigate the flow characteristics at various design and operational conditions. In conclusion, the study of on the combined effect of the double-wedged spike and angle of attack is crucial as it affects the performance of the compressor, which then affects the performance of the jet engine

PREDICTING WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY A PREMIUM FOR ORGANICALLY GROWN FRESH PRODUCE

Consumers were surveyed at various grocery retail establishments in New Jersey to provide opinions on organic produce. The objective of this study was to empirically evaluate which demographic characteristics cause consumers to be more likely to pay a premium to obtain organically grown produce. The results indicate that females, those with higher annual incomes, younger individuals, and those who usually or always purchase organic produce are all more likely to pay a premium for organic produce. The results also indicate that the likelihood of paying a premium for organic produce decreases with the number of individuals living in the household.Consumer/Household Economics,

The Influence of Socio-Economic Characteristics on Food Advertisement Usage

Only 22 percent of surveyed consumers reported making frequent use of food advertisements when purchasing food products. However, certain demographic segments appear to place a greater emphasis on food advertisements than others. This study empirically evaluates which socio-economic characteristics encourage consumers to be more likely to take food advertisements into account when purchasing grocery products. The results indicate that those with lower annual incomes, those with lower levels of education, and those living in suburban and rural areas are the most likely to make use of food advertisements in the newspaper. The results also indicate that households with children, single individuals, and those over 65 years of age are less likely to use food advertisements.Consumer/Household Economics, Marketing,

SUPPLY RESPONSE IN THE NORTHEASTERN FRESH TOMATO MARKET: COINTEGRATION AND ERROR CORRECTION ANALYSIS

This paper reexamines supply response in the Northeastern fresh tomato market during the 1949-94 period by employing cointegration and error correction technique. It tests whether there has been a long-run equilibrium relationship between Northeastern production and a set of price and nonprice factors that influence it. Findings suggest that wage rate, imports from competing regions, and urban pressure have had significant negative impacts on regional production. The negative relationship between price and production may have resulted from the strong negative effects exerted by the nonprice factors.Demand and Price Analysis,

Consumer Response to Integrated Pest Management and Organic Agriculture: An Econometric Analysis

While several studies have presented aggregate, descriptive illustrations of consumer response to IPM, the willingness-to-purchase and willingness-to-pay for IPM produce as a function of demographic characteristics has not received the exhaustive research attention that has focused on organic produce. The objective of this study was to empirically evaluate which demographic characteristics cause consumers to be more likely to purchase IPM grown produce. A hypothetical willingness-to-purchase model for IPM produce as well as willingness-to-pay models for both IPM and organic produce are presented. A non-hypothetical analysis also predicts consumers who strictly purchase only conventional produce. Income was found to be the most significant determinant of willingness-to-purchase IPM grown produce. Participants with higher annual incomes were more likely to express an interest in purchasing IPM produce and also appeared less likely to strictly purchase conventional produce. Those whose frequently purchase organic produce, those who visit farmers markets and those who live in suburban areas were all found to be more likely to purchase IPM grown produce. The results also indicate that females, those with higher annual incomes, younger individuals, and those who frequently purchase organic produce are all more likely to pay a premium for both IPM and organically grown produce. Overall, the results of this survey give insight into the likely consumer response to produce that is labeled as “IPM Grown.” However, before the average consumer exhibits the same level of interest in IPM as the sample in this study, some mechanism must be developed to educate the public about IPM.Consumer/Household Economics, Crop Production/Industries, Farm Management,