A STUDY ON SERUM URIC ACID LEVEL AND RISK FACTORS IN NON-EMBOLIC STROKE PATIENT IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Objectives: To find out the serum level of uric acid among non-embolic stroke patients. To find out the level of uric acid in various risk factors ofstroke.Methods: The study was conducted among 100 patients admitted with non-embolic stroke in tertiary care hospital to find out serum level of uricacid and various existing risk factors for non-embolic stroke. The serum level of uric acid was measured within 24 hrs, the demographic profile likeage and sex risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipedemia, smoking, and alcohol were elicited. The appropriate statistical analysiswas performed.Results: This study was done among 100 patients with non-embolic stroke patients. Out of 100, 63% of the stroke patients were in the age of between51 and 70 years. Mean age was 59 years. The gender wise distribution was 49% male and 51% female. The mean serum uric acid (SUA) level amongall the stroke patients was 5.3 mg/dl. The SUA was increased above the normal level in 33% of the stroke patients. According to univariate analysis, thepresence of hypertension was 66% followed by diabetes mellitus 53%. Cardiovascular disease was 33%, dyslipidemia was 40%, smoking was 33%,and alcoholism was 20%. The SUA level was raised above normal level among the patients who had hypertension, diabetes mellitus as a risk factorand it is statistically significant.Conclusion: There is a certain proportion of stroke patient's SUA level raised above normal level and hypertension was a major risk factor for stroke.Secondary prevention of hypertension is mandatory to avoid stroke.Keywords: Serum uric acid, Stroke, Risk factors

Structure Space of Model Proteins --A Principle Component Analysis

We study the space of all compact structures on a two-dimensional square lattice of size $N=6\times6$. Each structure is mapped onto a vector in $N$-dimensions according to a hydrophobic model. Previous work has shown that the designabilities of structures are closely related to the distribution of the structure vectors in the $N$-dimensional space, with highly designable structures predominantly found in low density regions. We use principal component analysis to probe and characterize the distribution of structure vectors, and find a non-uniform density with a single peak. Interestingly, the principal axes of this peak are almost aligned with Fourier eigenvectors, and the corresponding Fourier eigenvalues go to zero continuously at the wave-number for alternating patterns ($q=\pi$). These observations provide a stepping stone for an analytic description of the distribution of structural points, and open the possibility of estimating designabilities of realistic structures by simply Fourier transforming the hydrophobicities of the corresponding sequences.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures, Conclusion has been modifie

Instability of a free-shear layer in the vicinity of a viscosity-stratified layer

The stability of a mixing layer made up of two miscible fluids, with a viscosity-stratified layer between them, is studied. The two fluids are of the same density. It is shown that unlike other viscosity-stratified shear flows, where species diffusivity is a dominant factor determining stability, species diffusivity variations over orders of magnitude do not change the answer to any noticeable degree in this case. Viscosity stratification, however, does matter, and can stabilize or destabilize the flow, depending on whether the layer of varying velocity is located within the less or more viscous fluid. By making an inviscid model flow with a slope change across the 'viscosity' interface, we show that viscous and inviscid results are in qualitative agreement. The absolute instability of the flow can also be significantly altered by viscosity stratification

A study on morbidity and mortality pattern of poisoning in tertiary care hospital

Background: The poisoning due to various reasons commonly occurs among population. Normally tertiary care hospitals receive large numbers of referral. During treatment many die due to poisoning.  Objectives of the study were to find out the magnitude of admissions due to poisoning and to find out various type of poisoning and related mortality.Methods: The secondary data was collected from records available in Intensive care unit of toxicology department of tertiary care hospital. The admissions made due to various type of poisoning from Jan 2015 to Dec 2015 were included in this study. The data of nearly 947 patients were analyzed regarding to type of poising and mortality due to the poisoning. Statistical analysis like percentage, Chi-square test and mean variance significant were calculated.Results: Out of 947, 70% were male and 30% were female. Among patients admitted 44% were consumed organophosphorus compounds, 22% had snake bite and 13% were consumed rat killer paste. The other common but least were drugs, rat killer powder and kerosene poisoning. Among admitted with various type of poisoning overall mortality was 36% and 58% due to organophosphorus compounds, 16% with rate killer paste and 14% with snake bite. The snake bite mostly occurred in rainy season and it is statistically significant.Conclusions: Most of the poisoning due to organophosphorus shows that it is available very easily and also cheap. The death among the poisoning is due to delay in starting of the treatment and awareness should be made to avail medical care immediately after poisoning without delay.

Organizational citizenship behavior and job involvement of Indian private sector employees using visual PLS–SEM model

The organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), which is explained as a discretionary behavior of employees, is inevitable in the global competitive scenario, because organizations are highly competitive and their differentiation is primarily related to people. The organizational citizenship is considered as a “contextual performance”, which is related to the specific non-task aspects. Such a “state of the art” performance is possible only when employees are treated with utmost care. Therefore, the study on OCB, with its six dimensions (altruism, conscientiousness, civic virtue, interactional justice, recognition practices, procedural justice practice), is vital in management literature. The current study analyzed the relationship of OCB with its six dimensions with job involvement using Partial Least Square based Structural Equation Modelling (SEM)

BTZ Black Hole Entropy from Ponzano-Regge Gravity

The entropy of the BTZ black hole is computed in the Ponzano-Regge formulation of three-dimensional lattice gravity. It is seen that the correct semi-classical behaviour of entropy is reproduced by states that correspond to all possible triangulations of the Euclidean black hole.Comment: 11 pages LaTeX, 3 eps figures, some minor clarifications added, result unchange

Dynamics of an initially spherical bubble rising in quiescent liquid

The beauty and complexity of the shapes and dynamics of bubbles rising in liquid have fascinated scientists for centuries. Here we perform simulations on an initially spherical bubble starting from rest. We report that the dynamics is fully three-dimensional, and provide a broad canvas of behaviour patterns. Our phase plot in the Galilei–Eötvös plane shows five distinct regimes with sharply defined boundaries. Two symmetry-loss regimes are found: one with minor asymmetry restricted to a flapping skirt; and another with marked shape evolution. A perfect correlation between large shape asymmetry and path instability is established. In regimes corresponding to peripheral breakup and toroid formation, the dynamics is unsteady. A new kind of breakup, into a bulb-shaped bubble and a few satellite drops is found at low Morton numbers. The findings are of fundamental and practical relevance. It is hoped that experimenters will be motivated to check our predictions

Why a falling drop does not in general behave like a rising bubble

Is a settling drop equivalent to a rising bubble? The answer is known to be in general a no, but we show that when the density of the drop is less than 1.2 times that of the surrounding fluid, an equivalent bubble can be designed for small inertia and large surface tension. Hadamard's exact solution is shown to be better for this than making the Boussinesq approximation. Scaling relationships and numerical simulations show a bubble-drop equivalence for moderate inertia and surface tension, so long as the density ratio of the drop to its surroundings is close to unity. When this ratio is far from unity, the drop and the bubble are very different. We show that this is due to the tendency for vorticity to be concentrated in the lighter fluid, i.e. within the bubble but outside the drop. As the Galilei and Bond numbers are increased, a bubble displays underdamped shape oscillations, whereas beyond critical values of these numbers, over-damped behavior resulting in break-up takes place. The different circulation patterns result in thin and cup-like drops but bubbles thick at their base. These shapes are then prone to break-up at the sides and centre, respectivel

Semirigid Construction of Topological Supergravities

We show how to construct topological N = 1 and 2 supergravity theories from appropriately constrained N = 3 and 4 ghost plus matter systems. In particular N = 4 susy is not needed to obtain the N = 1 topological theory. We give a description of the relevant supermoduli spaces which must be integrated to obtain the amplitudes of these theories, as well as explicit formulas for the ingredients entering the integrands, in particular the various supercurrents with their inhomogeneous terms