42 research outputs found
Retour post-isolement en milieu psychiatrique : dĂ©veloppement, implantation et Ă©valuation dâune intervention en soins aigus
Lâisolement avec ou sans contention (IC) en milieu psychiatrique touche prĂšs dâun patient sur quatre au QuĂ©bec (Dumais, Larue, Drapeau, MĂ©nard, & GiguĂšre-Allard, 2011). Il est pourtant largement documentĂ© que cette pratique porte prĂ©judice aux patients, aux infirmiĂšres et Ă lâorganisation (Stewart, Van der Merwe, Bowers, Simpson, & Jones, 2010). Cette mesure posant un problĂšme Ă©thique fait lâobjet de politiques visant Ă la restreindre, voire Ă lâĂ©liminer. Les Ă©tudes sur lâexpĂ©rience de lâisolement du patient de mĂȘme que sur la perception des infirmiĂšres identifient le besoin d'un retour sur cet Ă©vĂšnement. Plusieurs Ă©quipes de chercheurs proposent un retour post-isolement (REPI) intĂ©grant Ă la fois lâĂ©quipe traitante, plus particuliĂšrement les infirmiĂšres, et le patient comme intervention afin de diminuer lâincidence de lâIC. Le REPI vise lâĂ©change Ă©motionnel, lâanalyse des Ă©tapes ayant menĂ© Ă la prise de dĂ©cision dâIC et la projection des interventions futures.
Le but de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait de dĂ©velopper, implanter et Ă©valuer le REPI auprĂšs des intervenants et des patients dâune unitĂ© de soins psychiatriques aigus afin dâamĂ©liorer leur expĂ©rience de soins. Les questions de recherche Ă©taient : 1) Quel est le contexte dâimplantation du REPI? 2) Quels sont les Ă©lĂ©ments facilitants et les obstacles Ă lâimplantation du REPI selon les patients et les intervenants? 3) Quelle est la perception des patients et des intervenants des modalitĂ©s et retombĂ©es du REPI?; et 4) Lâimplantation du REPI est-elle associĂ©e Ă une diminution de la prĂ©valence et de la durĂ©e des Ă©pisodes dâIC?
Cette Ă©tude de cas instrumentale (Stake, 1995, 2008) Ă©tait ancrĂ©e dans une approche participative. Le cas Ă©tait celui de lâunitĂ© de soins psychiatriques aigus pour premier Ă©pisode psychotique oĂč a Ă©tĂ© implantĂ© le REPI. En premier lieu, le dĂ©veloppement du REPI a dâabord fait lâobjet dâune documentation du contexte par une immersion dans le milieu (n=56 heures) et des entretiens individuels avec un Ă©chantillonnage de convenance (n=3 patients, n=14 intervenants). Un comitĂ© dâexperts (lâĂ©tudiante-chercheuse, six infirmiĂšres du milieu et un patient partenaire) a par la suite dĂ©veloppĂ© le REPI qui comporte deux volets : avec le patient et en Ă©quipe. LâĂ©valuation des retombĂ©es a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e par des entretiens individuels (n= 3 patients, n= 12 intervenants) et lâexamen de la prĂ©valence et de la durĂ©e des IC six mois avant et aprĂšs lâimplantation du REPI. Les donnĂ©es qualitatives ont Ă©tĂ© examinĂ©es selon une analyse thĂ©matique (Miles, Huberman, & Saldana, 2014), tandis que les donnĂ©es quantitatives ont fait lâobjet de tests descriptifs et non-paramĂ©triques.
Les rĂ©sultats proposent que le contexte dâimplantation est dĂ©fini par des normes implicites et explicites oĂč lâutilisation de lâIC peut gĂ©nĂ©rer un cercle vicieux de comportements agressifs nourris par un profond sentiment dâinjustice de la part des patients. Ceux-ci ont lâimpression quâils doivent se conformer aux attentes du personnel et aux rĂšgles de lâunitĂ©. Les participants ont exprimĂ© le besoin de crĂ©er des opportunitĂ©s pour une communication authentique qui pourrait avoir lieu lors du REPI, bien que sa pratique soit variable dâun intervenant Ă un autre.
Les rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent que le principal Ă©lĂ©ment ayant facilitĂ© lâimplantation du REPI est lâapproche participative de lâĂ©tude, alors que les obstacles rencontrĂ©s relĂšvent surtout de la complexitĂ© de la mise en Ćuvre du REPI en Ă©quipe. Lors du REPI avec le patient, les infirmiĂšres ont pu explorer ses sentiments et son point de vue, ce qui a favorisĂ© la reconstruction de la relation thĂ©rapeutique. Quant au REPI avec lâĂ©quipe de soins, il a Ă©tĂ© perçu comme une opportunitĂ© dâapprentissage, ce qui a permis dâajuster le plan dâintervention des patients. Suite Ă lâimplantation du REPI, les rĂ©sultats ont dâailleurs montrĂ© une rĂ©duction significative de lâutilisation de lâisolement et du temps passĂ© en isolement.
Les rĂ©sultats de cette thĂšse soulignent la possibilitĂ© dâoutrepasser le malaise initial perçu tant par le patient que par lâinfirmiĂšre en systĂ©matisant le REPI. De plus, cette Ă©tude met lâaccent sur le besoin dâune prĂ©sence authentique pour atteindre un partage significatif dans la relation thĂ©rapeutique, ce qui est la pierre dâassise de la pratique infirmiĂšre en santĂ© mentale. Cette Ă©tude contribue aux connaissances sur la prĂ©vention des comportements agressifs en milieu psychiatrique en documentant le contexte dans lequel se situe lâIC, en proposant un REPI comportant deux volets de REPI et en explorant ses retombĂ©es. Nos rĂ©sultats soutiennent le potentiel du dĂ©veloppement dâune prĂ©vention tertiaire qui intĂšgre Ă la fois la perspective des patients et des intervenants.In Quebec, seclusion with or without restraint (SR) affects nearly one in four patients in psychiatric wards (Dumais, Larue, Drapeau, MĂ©nard & GiguĂšre-Allard, 2011). It is widely recognized that this practice affects patients, nurses, and organizations (Stewart, Van der Merwe, Bowers, Simpson, & Jones, 2010). Coercive measures pose an ethical dilemma and are the object of policies aimed at reducing or even eliminating their use. Studies on patientsâ experience and nursesâ perception of seclusion showed the need for a review of the seclusion event. Several teams of researchers proposed a post-seclusion and-or restraint review (PSRR) involving both the staff and the patient as an intervention to reduce the incidence of SR. It aims at exchanges on emotions, analysis of the steps leading to the decision to use SR, and projection of future interventions.
The purpose of this study was to develop, implement, and evaluate a PSRR with patient and staff of an acute psychiatric care unit to improve their care experience. The research questions were: 1) What is the context of implementation of the PSRR? 2) What are the facilitators and barriers to PSRR implementation according to patients and staff? 3) What is the point of view of patients and staff regarding the modalities and impact of PSRR?, and 4) Is PSRR implementation associated with a decreased prevalence of SR and a reduction of hours spent in SR?
This instrumental case study (Stake, 1995, 2008) was rooted in a participatory approach. The case was an acute psychiatric care unit specialized in first-episode psychosis. To document the context prior to the implementation of the PSRR, the principal investigator went through a 56-hour immersion on the unit and individually interviewed a convenience sample of staff (n= 14) and patients (n= 3). A committee of experts (the principal investigator, six nurses from the unit and a patient partner) developed the two PSRR tools (one for the patient and one for the staff) that were implemented. To evaluate the impact of the PSRR, patients (n = 3) and staff (n =12) were interviewed and data on the prevalence and duration of SR were collected before (6 months) and after (6 months) the implementation of the PSRR. Qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis (Miles, Huberman, and Saldana, 2014) and administrative data were analyzed with descriptive and non-parametric statistics.
The findings were that, for patients, the context of implementation was defined by implicit and explicit standards. They felt they had to conform to staff expectations and unitâs rules. Patients believed that the use of SR could create a vicious circle of aggressive behaviours fuelled by their profound feeling of injustice regarding SR. Participantsâ viewpoint showed the ongoing need to foster opportunities for authentic communication, especially through a PSSR. The practice of PSSR seemed to vary from one staff member to the other.
For staff, findings suggested that the main facilitator for the implementation of the PSRR was the studyâs participatory approach, while barriers were related to the difficulties in involving all witnesses of the SR witnesses within the staff PSSR. During the PSRR with the patient, nurses felt they could explore patientâs feelings and point of view, which led to the restoration of the therapeutic relationship. The staff PSRR was perceived as a learning opportunity and allowed for adjusting the patientâs treatment plan. There was a significant reduction in the use and the duration of seclusion in comparison with data prior to implementation.
The findings highlighted the possibility to overcome the perceived discomfort of all parties regarding SR by systematizing the use of a PSRR with patients and staff. Additionally, the findings emphasized the need for a genuine presence of the nurse to achieve meaningful sharing in the therapeutic relationship, which is the cornerstone of mental health nursing. This study contributed to knowledge on the management of aggressive behaviour in psychiatric settings by shedding light on the context in which SR practices occur, by offering two PSRR tools, and by exploring the impact of their implementation. The results supported the potential of a participatory research approach in which patients and staff perspectives were taken into account to develop alternatives approaches to the use of SR
L'invention de la communauté dans le cycle romanesque corrézien de Richard Millet
Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal
The impact of Housing First on criminal justice outcomes among homeless people with mental illness : a systematic review.
Objective:
Housing First is increasingly put forward as an important component of a pragmatic plan to end homelessness. The literature evaluating the impact of Housing First on criminal justice involvement has not yet been systematically examined. The objective of this systematic review is to examine the impact of Housing First on criminal justice outcomes among homeless people with mental illness.
Method:
Five electronic databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science) were searched up until July 2018 for randomised and nonrandomised studies of Housing First among homeless people with a serious mental disorder.
Results:
Five studies were included for a total of 7128 participants. Two studies from a randomised controlled trial found no effect of Housing First on arrests compared to treatment as usual. Other studies compared Housing First to other programs or compared configurations of HF and found reductions in criminal justice involvement among Housing First participants.
Conclusions:
This systematic review suggests that Housing First, on average, has little impact on criminal justice involvement. Community services such as Housing First are potentially an important setting to put in place strategies to reduce criminal justice involvement. However, forensic mental health approaches such as risk assessment and management strategies and interventions may need to be integrated into existing services to better address potential underlying individual criminogenic risk factors. Further outcome assessment studies would be necessary
Methodological reporting in feasibility studies : a descriptive review of the nursing intervention research literature
Background
In reaction to weaknesses in feasibility studies reporting, the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement published an extension for feasibility studies in 2016.
Aim
The aim of this study was to systematically review and appraise the reporting of feasibility studies in the nursing intervention research literature based on the CONSORT statement extension for feasibility studies.
Method
Papers published prior to January 2018 that described feasibility studies of nursing interventions were retrieved. Components of feasibility studies were coded, and code frequencies were analysed.
Results
The review included 186 papers. Although most papers (nâ=â142, 76.3%) included the label âpilotâ or âfeasibilityâ in their title, reporting for other components generally did not adhere to one or several CONSORT recommendations. Most papers reported objectives (nâ=â116, 62.4%), designs (nâ=â95, 51%), or rationales for sample size (nâ=â165, 88.7%) that were incongruent with the purpose of feasibility studies.
Discussion
This review results in two main implications for nursing research. First, we noted that the reporting of feasibility studies is weak. While all papers described feasibility studies, almost half focused exclusively on testing the effectiveness of an intervention. Second, we identified rationales for sample size along with key references that could offer guidance in reporting feasibility studies while being coherent with the CONSORT recommendations
LâĂchelle du climat de prĂ©vention de la violence : traduction, adaptation et Ă©valuation psychomĂ©trique de la version canadienne-française
Introduction: Violence in psychiatric settings has negative consequences on patients, staff, and the institution alike. Efforts to prevent violence cannot currently be assessed due to a lack of suitable indicators. The Violence Prevention Climate Scale (VPC-14) is a validated tool that can be filled out by both staff and patients to assess the violence prevention climate in mental health care units. Objective: This study aimed to conduct the translation and adaptation of the VPC-14 to a French Canadian context, and to assess its psychometric properties in general and forensic psychiatric settings. Methods: This study followed a transcultural approach for validating measuring instruments. Psychometric properties were assessed in 308 patients and staff from 4 mental health and forensic hospitals in Quebec (Canada). Content validity was assessed using a bilingual participant approach. Internal validity was examined through exploratory factor analysis and internal consistency for each care setting using Cronbachâs alpha coefficient analysis. Results: The Ăchelle modifiĂ©e du climat de prĂ©vention de la violence [Modified Violence Prevention Climate Scale] (VPC-M-FR) consists of 23 items with a 3-factor structure: 1) staff action, 2) patient action, and 3) the therapeutic environment. Cronbachâs alphas ranging from 0.69 to 0.89 were obtained for the internal consistency of the scale. Discussion and conclusion: The VPC-M-FR has satisfactory psychometric properties for measuring the violence prevention climate in mental health and forensic settings. By measuring the violence prevention climate from the standpoint of patients and staff, targeted preventive measures can be implemented to improve safety for all.Introduction : La violence en milieu psychiatrique entraĂźne des consĂ©quences nĂ©fastes pour les patients, les intervenants et les organisations. Pourtant, les efforts pour la prĂ©venir ne peuvent ĂȘtre Ă©valuĂ©s faute dâindicateurs adĂ©quats. Le Violence Prevention Climate Scale (VPC-14), complĂ©tĂ© par les intervenants et les patients, est un outil validĂ© qui Ă©value le climat de prĂ©vention de violence. Objectif : Cette Ă©tude vise Ă traduire et adapter le VPC-14 au contexte quĂ©bĂ©cois et Ă en vĂ©rifier la fiabilitĂ© et la validitĂ© en psychiatrie gĂ©nĂ©rale et lĂ©gale. MĂ©thodes : En se basant sur la mĂ©thode de validation transculturelle dâinstruments de mesure, les propriĂ©tĂ©s psychomĂ©triques ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©es auprĂšs de 308 patients et intervenants de 4 hĂŽpitaux et instituts de santĂ© mentale et mĂ©dico-lĂ©gale quĂ©bĂ©cois. La validitĂ© de construit a Ă©tĂ© examinĂ©e par une analyse factorielle exploratoire et la cohĂ©rence interne par lâanalyse du coefficient alpha de Cronbach. RĂ©sultats : LâĂchelle modifiĂ©e du climat de prĂ©vention de la violence (VPC-M-FR) comprend 23 Ă©noncĂ©s avec une structure Ă 3 facteurs : 1) les actions des intervenants, 2) les actions des patients et 3) lâenvironnement thĂ©rapeutique. Des coefficients alpha de Cronbach variant de 0,69 Ă 0,89 ont Ă©tĂ© obtenus pour la consistance interne de lâĂ©chelle. Discussion et conclusion : Le VPC-M-FR possĂšde des propriĂ©tĂ©s psychomĂ©triques satisfaisantes pour mesurer le climat de prĂ©vention de la violence en milieu de santĂ© mentale et mĂ©dico-lĂ©gal. En tenant compte de la perspective des intervenants et des patients, des interventions ciblĂ©es de prĂ©vention pourront ĂȘtre mises en Ćuvre afin dâamĂ©liorer la sĂ©curitĂ© de tous
Clinical, Biological and Genetic Analysis of Prepubertal Isolated Ovarian Cyst in 11 Girls
BACKGROUND: The cause of isolated gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty (PP) with an ovarian cyst is unknown in the majority of cases. Here, we describe 11 new cases of peripheral PP and, based on phenotypes observed in mouse models, we tested the hypothesis that mutations in the GNAS1, NR5A1, LHCGR, FSHR, NR5A1, StAR, DMRT4 and NOBOX may be associated with this phenotype. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: 11 girls with gonadotropin-independent PP were included in this study. Three girls were seen for a history of prenatal ovarian cyst, 6 girls for breast development, and 2 girls for vaginal bleeding. With one exception, all girls were seen before 8 years of age. In 8 cases, an ovarian cyst was detected, and in one case, suspected. One other case has polycystic ovaries, and the remaining case was referred for vaginal bleeding. Four patients had a familial history of ovarian anomalies and/or infertility. Mutations in the coding sequences of the candidate genes GNAS1, NR5A1, LHCGR, FSHR, NR5A1, StAR, DMRT4 and NOBOX were not observed. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Ovarian PP shows markedly different clinical features from central PP. Our data suggest that mutations in the GNAS1, NR5A1, LHCGR, FSHR StAR, DMRT4 and NOBOX genes are not responsible for ovarian PP. Further research, including the identification of familial cases, is needed to understand the etiology of ovarian PP
Innovation et développement dans les systÚmes agricoles et alimentaires
Lâinnovation est souvent prĂ©sentĂ©e comme lâun des principaux leviers pour promouvoir un dĂ©veloppement plus durable et plus inclusif. Dans les domaines de lâagriculture et de lâalimentation, lâinnovation est marquĂ©e par des spĂ©cificitĂ©s liĂ©es Ă sa relation Ă la nature, mais aussi Ă la grande diversitĂ© dâacteurs concernĂ©s, depuis les agriculteurs jusquâaux consommateurs, en passant par les services de recherche et de dĂ©veloppement. Lâinnovation Ă©merge des interactions entre ces acteurs, qui mobilisent des ressources et produisent des connaissances dans des dispositifs collaboratifs, afin de gĂ©nĂ©rer des changements. Elle recouvre des domaines aussi variĂ©s que les pratiques de production, lâorganisation des marchĂ©s, ou les pratiques alimentaires. Lâinnovation est reliĂ©e aux grands enjeux de dĂ©veloppement : innovation agro-Ă©cologique, innovation sociale, innovation territoriale, etc. Cet ouvrage porte un regard sur lâinnovation dans les systĂšmes agricoles et alimentaires. Il met un accent particulier sur lâaccompagnement de lâinnovation, en interrogeant les mĂ©thodes et les organisations, et sur lâĂ©valuation de lâinnovation au regard de diffĂ©rents critĂšres. Il sâappuie sur des rĂ©flexions portĂ©es par diffĂ©rentes disciplines scientifiques, sur des travaux de terrain conduits tant en France que dans de nombreux pays du Sud, et enfin sur les expĂ©riences acquises en accompagnant des acteurs qui innovent. Il combine des synthĂšses sur lâinnovation et des Ă©tudes de cas emblĂ©matiques pour illustrer les propos. Lâouvrage est destinĂ© aux enseignants, professionnels, Ă©tudiants et chercheurs
Lâapproche participative et lâĂ©tude de cas : le cas du retour post-isolement en santĂ© mentale
En dernier recours, lâisolement avec ou sans contention peut ĂȘtre utilisĂ© pour gĂ©rer un comportement Ă risque dâagression, bien que les consĂ©quences nĂ©fastes y Ă©tant associĂ©es sont abondamment documentĂ©es. Une intervention de retour post-isolement est donc prĂ©conisĂ©e auprĂšs des personnes et des intervenants ayant vĂ©cu une mise en isolement. Le but de la thĂšse Ă©tait de dĂ©velopper, dâimplanter et dâĂ©valuer cette intervention auprĂšs des intervenants et des patients dâune unitĂ© de soins psychiatriques afin dâamĂ©liorer leur expĂ©rience de soins. Plus spĂ©cifiquement, cet article vise Ă prĂ©senter une synthĂšse des rĂ©sultats de lâĂ©tude, mais aussi Ă jeter un regard sur les choix mĂ©thodologiques encourus. Une rĂ©flexion est proposĂ©e sur lâarticulation entre lâĂ©tude de cas et lâapproche participative, leur cohĂ©rence avec les choix thĂ©oriques ainsi que les retombĂ©es de lâimplication des diffĂ©rentes parties prenantes Ă lâĂ©tude, que ce soit pour lâĂ©tudiante-chercheuse, les gestionnaires, les intervenants et les patients partenaires
Le ModĂšle de prĂ©vention de lâutilisation des mesures de contrĂŽle en santĂ© mentale : une revue intĂ©grative
Contexte Les mesures de contrĂŽle en santĂ© mentale, telles que lâisolement et la contention, sont encore utilisĂ©es frĂ©quemment malgrĂ© les effets nĂ©fastes qui leur sont associĂ©s et qui sont bien documentĂ©s. Dans ce contexte, la rĂ©duction du recours Ă ces mesures est un objectif partagĂ© au niveau international, suscitant de nombreuses Ă©tudes Ă cet Ă©gard. Bien que plusieurs interventions prĂ©ventives se montrent efficaces, il semble que la rĂ©duction de lâutilisation des mesures de contrĂŽle dĂ©pende dâun ensemble de facteurs. Certains modĂšles conceptuels ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©s en lien avec les mesures de contrĂŽle, mais aucun nâa portĂ© prĂ©cisĂ©ment sur leur prĂ©vention.Objectif Le but de cet article est de proposer le ModĂšle de prĂ©vention de lâutilisation des mesures de contrĂŽle en santĂ© mentale Ă partir dâune revue intĂ©grative sur le sujet.MĂ©thode Une revue intĂ©grative a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e Ă partir de lâapproche de Whittemore et Knafl (2005). La recherche documentaire a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e sur Pubmed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL Ă partir des termes seclusion, restraint, psychiatr*, mental health reduction and mental health prevent* en incluant les articles entre 2010 et 2020, en français ou en anglais. De cette recherche, 138 articles ont Ă©tĂ© inclus et ont fait lâexamen dâune analyse thĂ©matique. Les interventions identifiĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© catĂ©gorisĂ©es selon le modĂšle Ă©cologique de Bronfenbrenner (1979).RĂ©sultats Le ModĂšle de prĂ©vention de lâutilisation des mesures de contrĂŽle en santĂ© mentale est prĂ©sentĂ©. Chaque systĂšme ayant une influence sur lâutilisation des mesures de contrĂŽle est discutĂ© en regard des Ă©tudes incluses : la personne Ă risque, lâintervenant et le milieu de soins, la culture de soins, lâorganisation, les politiques gouvernementales et lâĂ©volution des discours. Ce modĂšle systĂ©mique permet de mieux comprendre la responsabilitĂ© partagĂ©e par tous les systĂšmes impliquĂ©s dans la prĂ©vention du recours aux mesures de contrĂŽle en examinant les interventions propres Ă chaque systĂšme, mais aussi leurs interactions.Conclusion Une approche Ă©cologique et systĂ©mique de la prĂ©vention de lâutilisation des mesures de contrĂŽle en santĂ© mentale invite les agents de changement potentiels de chaque systĂšme Ă mettre en oeuvre les activitĂ©s qui leur sont spĂ©cifiques.Background Seclusion and restraint are still being used frequently in psychiatric and mental health care despite their known harmful effects. Many countries have the goal of reducing their use, leading to a number of research on prevention interventions. While many of these interventions have been shown to be effective, reducing restrictive practices depends on several factors. Conceptual models have been developed in relation to seclusion and restraint, but none have addressed their prevention specifically.Aim This article aims to propose The Model of prevention of seclusion and restraint use in mental health by carrying an integrative review on the subject.Methods An integrative review was conducted using Whittemore et Knaflâs (2005) approach. Four databases (Pubmed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL) were searched for publications between 2010 and 2020, in French or English. Search terms included seclusion, restraint, psychiatr*, mental health reduction and mental health prevent*. The search resulted in the inclusion of 138 articles. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis (Miles et coll., 2014) and categorized with Bronfenbrennerâs (1979) ecological model.Results The six categories represented in the ecological model are described in terms of systems mutually involved in the prevention of seclusion and restraint use: the person (individual), the professionals and the physical environment (microsystem), the ward culture (mesosystem), organizational initiatives (exosystem), national policies and international organizations (macrosystem) and evolution of the discourse or resistance to change (chronosystem). Specific interventions are presented for each system, as well as their interactions.Conclusion The prevention of seclusion and restraint use in mental health is a shared responsibility between the systems involved, who must act as leaders and agents of change by implementing their specific activities. Preventing restrictive practices in mental health will be achieved by developing a shared responsibility and a shift towards a culture of partnership