ЭПИСТЕМОЛОГИЯ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНЫХ СИСТЕМ НАУЧНОГО ПОИСКА

The paper studies problems pertaining to development of intellectual scientific search systems from the point of view of epistemology as a science on knowledge, its functioning and development. The most important epistemological postulates are determined in the paper and these postulates serve as a basis for an analysis of intellectual technologies of creative search and knowledge formation. Using a systematic approach to study of intellectual technologies of the innovation search the paper considers division of knowledge system in its components – properties of an object to be investigated (separate knowledge clusters). The mentioned approach and adopted biophysical analogies in the investigation of the intellectual technology on knowledge formation have made it possible to identify one of the key epistemology problems in respect of intellectual systems that is an initial uncertainty of scientific search purpose. In this connection a structure of value-orientated knowledge search in the intellectual medium is determined in the paper. The paper also analyzes process pertaining to transformation of value orientation of scientific search into its purposeful development. A role of intellectual systems of scientific search concerning knowledge synthesis of various cognate practices is considered in the paper. The paper proposes a variant pertaining to creation of generalized information image of the studied phenomenon in the intellectual medium on the basis of frame models of knowledge systems from various cognate practices.Рассмотрены проблемы создания интеллектуальных систем научного поиска с точки зрения эпистемологии как науки о знаниях, их функционировании и развитии. Определены важнейшие эпистемологические начала, на которых базируется анализ интеллектных технологий творческого поиска и формирования знаний. На основе системного подхода к изучению интеллектных технологий инновационного поиска рассмотрено членение системы знаний на ее составляющие – свойства объекта исследования (отдельные кластеры знаний). Указанный подход и принятые биофизические аналогии в исследовании интеллектной технологии формирования знаний позволили выделить одну из ключевых проблем эпистемологии интеллектуальных систем – начальную неопределенность цели научного поиска. В связи с этим определена структура ценностноориентированного поиска знаний в интеллектуальной среде и проанализирован процесс преобразования ценностной ориентации научного поиска в его целенаправленное развитие. Рассмотрена роль интеллектуальных систем научного поиска в вопросах синтеза знаний различных практик когнитологии. Предложен вариант создания обобщенного информационного образа изучаемого явления в интеллектуальной среде на основе фреймовых моделей систем знания из различных когнитивных практик

Hyperon polarization and single spin left-right asymmetry in inclusive production processes at high energies

It is shown that the polarization of hyperons observed in high energy collisions using unpolarized hadron beams and unpolarized nucleon or nuclear targets is closely related to the left-right asymmetries observed in single spin inclusive hadron production processes. The relationship is most obvious for the production of the hyperons which have only one common valence quark with the projectile. Examples of this kind are given. Further implications of the existence of large polarization for hyperon which has two valence quarks in common with the projectile and their consequences are discussed. A comparison with the available data is made. Further tests are suggested.Comment: REVTeX, 12 pages, 2 figures embedde

Product branching fractions of the CH + propene reaction from synchrotron photoionization mass spectrometry

The CH(X2Π) + propene reaction is studied in the gas phase at 298 K and 4 Torr (533.3 Pa) using VUV synchrotron photoionization mass spectrometry. The dominant product channel is the formation of C4H6 (m/z 54) + H. By fitting experimental photoionization spectra to measured spectra of known C4H6 isomers, the following relative branching fractions are obtained: 1,3-butadiene (0.63 ± 0.13), 1,2-butadiene (0.25 ± 0.05), and 1-butyne (0.12 ± 0.03) with no detectable contribution from 2-butyne. The CD + propene reaction is also studied and two product channels are observed that correspond to C4H6 (m/z 54) + D and C4H5D (m/z 55) + H, formed at a ratio of 0.4 (m/z 54) to 1.0 (m/z 55). The D elimination channel forms almost exclusively 1,2-butadiene (0.97 ± 0.20) whereas the H elimination channel leads to the formation of deuterated 1,3-butadiene (0.89 ± 0.18) and 1-butyne (0.11 ± 0.02); photoionization spectra of undeuterated species are used in the fitting of the measured m/z 55 (C4H5D) spectrum. The results are generally consistent with a CH cycloaddition mechanism to the C═C bond of propene, forming 1-methylallyl followed by elimination of a H atom via several competing processes. The direct detection of 1,3-butadiene as a reaction product is an important validation of molecular weight growth schemes implicating the CH + propene reaction, for example, those reported recently for the formation of benzene in the interstellar medium (Jones, B. M. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2011, 108, 452−457)

Formation of dimethylketene and methacrolein by reaction of the CH radical with acetone

The reaction of the methylidyne radical (CH) with acetone ((CH3)2CO) is studied at room temperature and at a pressure of 4 Torr (533.3 Pa) using a multiplexed photoionization mass spectrometer coupled to the tunable vacuum ultraviolet synchrotron radiation of the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The CH radicals are generated by 248 nm multiphoton photolysis of bromoform and react with acetone in an excess of helium and nitrogen gas flow. The main observed reaction exit channel is elimination of a hydrogen atom to form C4H6O isomers. Analysis of photoionization spectra identifies dimethylketene and methacrolein as the only H-elimination products. The best fit to the data gives branching ratios of 0.68 ± 0.14 for methacrolein and 0.32 ± 0.07 for dimethylketene. A methylketene spectrum measured here is used to reanalyze the photoionization spectrum obtained at m/z = 56 for the CH + acetaldehyde reaction, (Goulay et al., J. Phys. Chem. A, 2012, 116, 6091) yielding new H-loss branching ratios of 0.61 ± 0.12 for acrolein and 0.39 ± 0.08 for methylketene. The contribution from methyleneoxirane to the reaction product distribution is revised to be negligible. Coupled with additional product detection for the CD + acetone reaction, these observations pave the way for development of general set of reaction mechanisms for the addition of CH to compounds containing an acetyl subgroup