47 research outputs found

    Groundwater Vulnerability to Contamination in Jordan Evaluated in Two Levels of Analysis

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    Vulnerability of groundwater to contamination in Jordan was evaluated using the DRASTIC methodology. The study had two levels of analysis: (1) a DRASTIC index scale was calculated on a national scale simulating the conditions of high limitation of data and considering only the parameters of depth to groundwater (D) and net recharge (R). The results showed that the maximum value of the index in most areas of the country did not exceed 149, which corresponds to the category of moderate vulnerability. (2) A detailed application of the DRASTIC model to the Ramtha region, which has transitive climatic characteristics between the most humid zone of the country and the desert and with varied hydrogeological conditions. For this region, the DRASTIC index varied between 40 and 97, which corresponds to low vulnerability category

    Mn+2 and Cd+2 Removal from Industrial Wastewater Using Phillipsitic Tuff from Jabal Uniza, Southern Jordan

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    Southern Jordanian natural zeolitic tuffs outcropped in Uniza volcano have been investigated and tested for their heavy metals' removal capacity. The main species identified in Uniza natural zeolitic tuffs are: phillipsite and, subordinately, chabazite. The effects of particle size and stirring time were examined in the removal experiments. Two types of Uniza phillipsitic tuff were used in the removal of Mn+2 and Cd+2 from treated industrial wastewater. The first type is the reddish bulk sample (UZ1), while the second type is the separated size (UZ2) fraction between 1 and 0.3 mm. Batch and column tests were performed to determine the removal capacity of Mn+2 and Cd+2 from treated industrial wastewater. In batch experiments (static regime), the use of UZ2 type shows a higher removal percentage of Mn+2 and Cd+2 compared to UZ1 type for the same time. The results of column experiments indicate that toxic metal ions such as Mn+2 and Cd+2 can be removed with approximately 100% efficiency from industrial wastewater containing similar ions using Jordanian zeolitic tuff. In dynamic regime, by using UZ1 the manganese ions (Mn+2) were completely removed up to 57 BV (1.71 L) and the zeolite exhaustion took place after more than 112 BV (3.36 L), while by using UZ2 the manganese ions were completely removed up to 67 BV (2.01 L) and the zeolite exhaustion took place just around 114 BV (3.42 L). For an efficient cadmium ions removal, the use of UZ1 sample showed a complete removal up to 85 BV (2.55 L) and the zeolite exhaustion took place after more than 129 BV (3.87 L), while the use of UZ2 showed that the Cd+2 ions were completely removed after 151 BV (4.53 L) and the zeolite exhaustion took place after more than 205 BV (6.15 L)

    Beneficiation and concentration of feldspar from syenite ore in Medina, Saudi Arabia for industrial utilization

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    The objective of this study was to reduce the contents of iron and titanium heavy minerals of feldspar from Medina syenite ore by a combination of magnetic separation and flotation to obtain the commercial scale of feldspar concentrate for glass and ceramics industries. For the first time, a process flowchart was provided in the light of this study to produce a high-quality K-feldspar product from syenite ore, which meets the requirements of feldspar for glass and ceramics productions. The results reflect that the best performance separation of iron and titanium contents was produced by a dry magnetic separator at 16.000 gauss. The produced feldspar concentrate by magnetic separation yielding 0.54% Fe2O3 with 87% Fe2O3 recovery and 0.57% TiO2 with 16% recovery. The flotation tests were performed on the non-magnetic fraction of the syenite ore. In this stage, the most effective for removal of Fe2O3 and TiO2 from syenite ore was obtained at a 300 g/ton dosage of a mixture of Aeromine 3030C and Aeromine 801 + Aeromine 825 as a collector in an acidic medium (pH 3). The final feldspar concentrate with 0.07% Fe2O3 and 0.06%TiO2 grades was obtained with 89% Fe2O3 recovery and 86% TiO2 recovery. The commercial scale of feldspar concentrate from syenite ore can meet the desired specification of grades 1 and 2 for glass, porcelain, and ceramics industries

    Geopolymers from Jordanian Metakaolin: Influence of Chemical and Mineralogical Compositions on the Development of Mechanical Properties

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    The present work selects four metakaolin materials; i.e., Jordanian MK, Metastar 501 MK, Fluka MK and mixed Fluka MK with quartz, to investigate the influence of chemical and mineralogical compositions on the compressive strength of geopolymers synthesized by alkali activation of metakaolin. The geopolymer cements were ageing at 25°C between 24 and 672 h. The influence of secondary phase (quartz) on the geopolymerization reaction of metakaolin has been investigated by comparing the above-mentioned four metakaolins. The bonding status and chemical environment of SiO4 and AlO4 tetrahedras of four different types of geopolymeric products were systematically investigated by infrared spectroscopy, and the phase changes were studied by X-ray diffraction analysis. The results show that quartz, at the concentration used in this work, does not prevent the geopolymerization reaction. On the other hand, in the case of Jordanian MK and mixed Fluka MK with quartz, the geopolymer products form a cohesive and relatively hard solid indicating that they have large and stable compressive strength compared with the other two metakaolins (Fluka and Metastar 501 MKs)

    Beneficiation and upgrading of Jordanian oil shale

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    Evaluation possibility of a low-quality Jordanian oil shale from Sultani, central Jordan as an alternative clean fuel by flotation technique was investigated. Oil shale sample was characterized with mineralogical and chemical analysis. X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that calcite is the dominant mineral followed by quartz mineral. Other minerals such as apatite and gypsum were detected. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that mass loss is due to organic matter decomposition at 280–600°C and carbonate decomposition at 650–850°C Fourier transform infrared analysis showed the main organic groups. The effects of collector and frother doses, pulp concentration and pulp pH on the flotation performance were investigated. The kerosene and MIBC were used as collecting and frothing agents, respectively. The optimal flotation performance occurred for a collector dosage of 1000g/t, a frother dosage of 600g/t, a pulp concentration of 20g/L, a pulp pH of 4

    Removal of iron and titanium contaminants from Jordanian Kaolins by using chemical leaching

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    The present study deals with chemical leaching tests conducted on Batn El-Ghoul kaolin clay deposit, south Jordan. Mineral identification and characterization studies were conducted using X-ray diffraction. The chemical analyses were performed by X-ray fluorescence. The chemical leaching study with sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4) as leachant was accomplished with the fraction below 44 μm, after classification by screening. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the conditions of chemical leaching for removal of the colouring materials and to improve the brightness. The leaching tests improved the brightness from 56% to 86%. The corresponding iron-oxide removal was in the order of 94%. Removal of 94% iron gives a product containing 0.48% Fe2O3, which is fit for industrial applications such as fine ceramics and as a filler materials in paper, plastic and rubber industries

    Evaluation the Effect of Adding Oil Shale Ash on the Compressive Strength of Concrete

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    In the present study, the effect of cementing properties of oil shale ash on the compressive strength of the concrete mixtures produced from oil shale ash, cement, sand, and water was investigated. The used shale ash was produced by direct combustion at 830oC in a laboratory muffle furnace of the El-Lajjun oil shale. Based on the chemical composition of shale ash (OSA), it was concluded that this material consists of a high percentage of CaO which forms the properties of cement materials as well as the contents of SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 form the properties of pozzolanic materials. Oil shale ash (OSA) materials have diverse applications as alternative materials for the construction industry and construction technology to reduce environmental risks and achieve sustainability. The results showed that the pressed specimen with 40 wt. % OSA content, 50 wt. % sand content and 30% MW obtained the highest compressive strength of about 9.1 MPa after 28 days of hardening. The highest value of 28 days compressive strength for a compacted specimen containing 35 wt. % OSA and 35% MW were achieved with 12 MPa at a compaction pressure of between 25 and 30 MPa. High compressive strength values were found to be achieved in the compressed specimens by controlling mixing water. It is also indicated that the compressive strength increases as OSA content in the compressed specimen increases and increases as compaction pressure increases

    Beneficiation and Upgrading of Low-Grade Feldspar Ore in Medina, Saudi Arabia

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    Large reserves of feldspar ore deposits are found in the alkali granite rocks at Al-Madinah province, Saudi Arabia. Magnetic separation and flotation tests were used in order to achieve the aims of this study which are: reduce the iron and titanium contents of Medina feldspar ore, which impart color and decrease the feldspar quality, as well as produce a high-quality feldspar concentrate, which meets the commercial grade of the raw material specifications for the ceramics and glass industry. The obtained results from this study showed that the efficient separation of Feand Ti-bearing minerals could be achieved by a combination of the dry high-intensity magnetic separator at 14.000 gauss and the direct cationic flotations under 500 g/ton dosage of Aero 801 + Aero 825 + Aero 830 mixture in an acidic medium at pH 3. The feldspar concentrate was produced with 65.18 wt.% SiO2, 19.02 wt.% Al2O3, 0.06 wt.% Fe2O3, 0.09 wt.% TiO2 9.09 wt.% K2O and 6.01 wt.% Na2O grades, which meet the commercial scale of feldspar

    One‐step hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite KA from kaolin

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