Non-Typhoidal Salmonellosis: A Major Concern for Poultry Industry

Salmonella is the most important gastrointestinal pathogen distributed ubiquitously. The major serovars involved in Non-typhoidal salmonellosis are S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis. In the viewpoint of ban in the export and import of the Salmonella contaminated poultry food and poultry products, the need for rapid detection and mitigation of Salmonella has increased mani-folds. The major problem associated with its control is the growing incidence of antimicrobial resistance, which has been reported worldwide in the recent years. From causing self limiting gastroenteritis they have found to be responsible for several fatal diseases like endocarditis, meningitis, lung infestations, appendicitis, pneumonia, and cerebral abscess in human beings. Targeting several proteins such as adhesive proteins, lipoproteins, outer membrane proteins (Omps) etc. as vaccine candidates may pave a way in its control. So, continuous monitoring using one health approach and development of effective treatment and control strategies are critical

Human visceral adipose tissue microvascular endothelial cell isolation and establishment of co-culture with white adipocytes to analyze cell-cell communication

Communication between adipocytes and endothelial cells (EC) is suggested to play an important role in the metabolic function of white adipose tissue. In order to generate tools to investigate in detail the physiology and communication of EC and adipocytes, a method for isolation of adipose microvascular EC from visceral adipose tissue (VAT) biopsies of subjects with obesity was developed. Moreover, mature white adipocytes were isolated from the VAT biopsies by a method adapted from a previously published Membrane aggregate adipocytes culture (MAAC) protocol. The identity and functionality of the cultivated and isolated adipose microvascular EC (AMvEC) was validated by imaging their morphology, analyses of mRNA expression, fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), immunostaining, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake, and in vitro angiogenesis assays. Finally, we established a new trans filter co-culture system (membrane aggregate adipocyte and endothelial co-culture, MAAECC) for the analysis of communication between the two cell types. EC-adipocyte communication in this system was validated by omics analyses, revealing several altered proteins belonging to pathways such as metabolism, intracellular transport and signal transduction in adipocytes co-cultured with AMvEC. In reverse experiments, induction of several pathways including endothelial development and functions was found in AMvEC co-cultured with adipocytes. In conclusion, we developed a robust method to isolate EC from small quantities of human VAT. Furthermore, the MAAECC system established during the study enables one to study the communication between primary white adipocytes and EC or vice-versa and could also be employed for drug screening