Ultrasonication-induced Amyloid Fibril Formation of β2-Microglobulin

This research was originally published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry. Yumiko Ohhashi, Miho Kihara, Hironobu Naiki and Yuji Goto. Ultrasonication-induced Amyloid Fibril Formation of β2-Microglobulin. J. Biol. Chem. 2005; 280, 32843-32848. © the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biolog

Impact of dispatcher-assisted bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation on neurological outcomes in children with out-of-hospital cardiac arrests: A prospective, nationwide, population-based cohort study

Background-The impact of dispatcher-assisted bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on neurological outcomes in children is unclear. We investigated whether dispatcher-assisted bystander CPR shows favorable neurological outcomes (Cerebral Performance Category scale 1 or 2) in children with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Methods and Results-Children (n=5009, age < 18 years) with OHCA were selected from a nationwide Utstein-style Japanese database (2008-2010) and divided into 3 groups: no bystander CPR (n=2287); bystander CPR with dispatcher instruction (n=2019); and bystander CPR without dispatcher instruction (n=703) groups. The primary endpoint was favorable neurological outcome at 1 month post-OHCA. Dispatcher CPR instruction was offered to 53.9% of patients, significantly increasing bystander CPR provision rate (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 7.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.60 to 8.57). Bystander CPR with and without dispatcher instruction were significantly associated with improved 1-month favorable neurological outcomes (aOR, 1.81 and 1.68; 95% CI, 1.24 to 2.67 and 1.07 to 2.62, respectively), compared to no bystander CPR. Conventional CPR was associated with increased odds of 1-month favorable neurological outcomes irrespective of etiology of cardiac arrest (aOR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.56 to 3.41). However, chest-compression-only CPR was not associated with 1-month meaningful outcomes (aOR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.67 to 1.64). Conclusions-In children with OHCA, dispatcher-assisted bystander CPR increased bystander CPR provision rate and was associated with improved 1-month favorable neurological outcomes, compared to no bystander CPR. Conventional bystander CPR was associated with greater likelihood of neurologically intact survival, compared to chest-compression-only CPR, irrespective of cardiac arrest etiology. © 2014 The Authors

Neurological outcomes in children dead on hospital arrival

Introduction: Obtaining favorable neurological outcomes is extremely difficult in children transported to a hospital without a prehospital return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, the crucial prehospital factors affecting outcomes in this cohort remain unclear. We aimed to determine the prehospital factors for survival with favorable neurological outcomes (Cerebral Performance Category 1 or 2 (CPC 1-2)) in children without a prehospital ROSC after OHCA. Methods: Of 9093 OHCA children, 7332 children (age <18years) without a prehospital ROSC after attempting resuscitation were eligible for enrollment. Data were obtained from a prospectively recorded Japanese national Utstein-style database from 2008 to 2012. The primary endpoint was 1-month CPC 1-2 after OHCA. Results: The 1-month survival and 1-month CPC 1-2 rates were 6.92% (n=508) and 0.99% (n=73), respectively. The proportions of the following prehospital variables were significantly higher in the 1-month CPC 1-2 cohort than in the 1-month CPC 3-5 cohort: age (median, 3years (interquartile range (IQR), 0-14) versus 1year (IQR, 0-11), p<0.05), bystander-witnessed arrest (52/73 (71.2%) versus 1830/7259 (25.2%), p<0.001), initial ventricular fibrillation (VF)/pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT) rhythm (28/73 (38.3%) versus 241/7259 (3.3%), p<0.001), presumed cardiac causes (42/73 (57.5%) versus 2385/7259 (32.8%), p<0.001), and actual shock delivery (25/73 (34.2%) versus 314/7259 (4.3%), p<0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that 2 prehospital factors were associated with 1-month CPC 1-2: initial non-asystole rhythm (VF/pulseless VT: adjusted odds ratio ( aOR), 16.0; 95% confidence interval (CI), 8.05-32.0; pulseless electrical activity (PEA): aOR, 5.19; 95% CI, 2.77-9.82) and bystander-witnessed arrest (aOR, 3.22; 95% CI, 1.84-5.79). The rate of 1-month CPC 1-2 in witnessed-arrest children with an initial VF/pulseless VT was significantly higher than that in those with other initial cardiac rhythms (15.6% versus 2.3% for PEA and 1.2% for asystole, p for trend<0.001). Conclusions: The crucial prehospital factors for 1-month survival with favorable neurological outcomes after OHCA were initial non-asystole rhythm and bystander-witnessed arrest in children transported to hospitals without a prehospital ROSC. © 2015 Goto et al

Reply to: Over time, differences in survival and favorable neurologic outcomes between conventional and compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation have been gradually reduced in pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系Embargo Periods 12 Month

Nitrogen removal using an anammox membrane bioreactor at low temperature

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have the ability to completely retain biomass and are thus suitable for slowly growing anammox bacteria. In the present study, an anammox MBR was operated to investigate whether the anammox activity would remain stable at low temperature, without anammox biomass washout. The maximum nitrogen removal rates were 6.7 and 1.1 g-N L−1 day−1 at 35 and 15°C, respectively. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic analysis revealed no change in the predominant anammox species with temperature because of the complete retention of anammox biomass in the MBR. These results indicate that the predominant anammox bacteria in the MBR cannot adapt to a low temperature during short-term operation. Conversely, anammox activity recovered rapidly after restoring the temperature from the lower value to the optimal temperature (35°C). The rapid recovery of anammox activity is a distinct advantage of using an MBR anammox reactor.This research was partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)

高齢者への長期ビタミンD投与

Daily １，０００ IU vitamin D was supplemented to ８７ years old female（Case １）and ６８ years old male（Case ２）subjects with sarcopenia and vitamin D insufficiency／deficiency for ２ years and ５ months and ２ years and ７ months, respectively. Before, １ year and ９ months, and ２ years and ５ months after vitamin D supplementation in Case １, serum ２５‐hydroxyvitamin D［２５（OH）D］level was ９ ng/ml, ２３．８ ng/ml and ２３．１ ng/ml, skeletal muscle mass was ８．９５ kg, １０．２ kg and １０．０ kg, handgrip strength was ７．３ kg, ８．９ kg and ９．９ kg, and Barthel index was ４０, ８５ and ９０, respectively. Before, and ２ years and ７ months after vitamin D supplementation in Case ２, serum ２５（OH）D level was ２６ ng/ml and ３４．４ ng/ml, skeletal muscle mass was ２４．６ kg and ２５．１ kg, handgrip strength was ３７．２ kg and ３８．３ kg, and Barthel index was １００ and １００, respectively. Thus, activity of daily living（ADL）markedly improved in Case １ and keep high in Case ２. Therefore, it is suggested that daily １，０００ IU vitamin D supplementation is effective to keep QOL of aged persons higher

Prophylactic clip closure for mucosal defects is associated with reduced adverse events after colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection: a propensity-score matching analysis

博士（医学）乙日本医科大学202