Comparative Study about the City Planning Systems in Taiwan (for the Years 1895–1945) and Korea (for the Years 1912–1945) under Japanese Rule

Some existing studies have argued that the City Planning Orders of Japanese colonies were more advanced than the City Planning Act of Japan. The grounds are the integration of building control and city planning, the open-space district and their continued use by the Republic of Korea and the Republic of China after World War II. However, urban planning and building control were included in one system only to simplify the procedure for formulating orders. Furthermore, the Republics of both Korea and China continued using them for a comprehensive policy and an emergency evacuation, not because of order evaluation. Korea Urban Area Planning Order of 1934 and Taiwan City Planning Order of 1936 were created from the City Planning Act of 1919 and the Urban Area Building Act of 1919, reflecting the operational experience of Japan. These acts and orders have been improved as a group. Case studies of modern city planning in Japan, Korea and Taiwan are valuable references to each other

Open-space districts in the city planning act of Manchukuo

Manchukuo was a Japanese puppet state that existed in northeastern China before World War II. In Manchukuo, city planning was legislated through the Town and Country Planning Act, which was drafted based on the Japanese City Planning Act of 1919 but included ‘open-space districts’ (later ‘open-space areas’), which did not exist in Japanese law at that time. Open- space districts were the first land-use regulations for open space in Japan and its colonies. The current Japanese City Planning Act of 1968 divides city planning areas into urbanisation promotion areas and urbanisation control areas. Many studies in Japan have observed that Japanese city planning techniques and methods were almost complete in the 1930s based on the similarity of the text of open-space areas and urbanisation promotion areas. This study examined the validity of this claim through a comparative analysis of open-space areas in the Manchukuo Town and Country Planning Act and urbanisation control areas in the Japanese City Planning Act of 1968. In terms of dealing with sprawl, open-space areas and urbanisation promotion areas have the same purpose; however, the former was a spatial blockade, while the latter was a land-use guideline based on the assumption that the area would be developed in a planned manner. The latter was also a new technology that compensated for the shortcomings of the former. This paper refutes the widespread claim that Japanese urban planning techniques and methods were largely perfected in the 1930s

Studies of the Synthetic Inorganic Ion Exchanger. IV : The Separation of the Fission Product and Uranium by Means of a Stannic Phosphate Cation Exchanger

The separation of fission products and uranium has been carried out by means of a stannic phosphate cation exchanger. By using various concentrations of nitric acid and ammonium chloride solutions as eluants, the separation of uranium-strontium and uranium-cesiun has been easily performed, but that of uranium-rare earths is very difficult. Among the various reagents investigated, a 1M phosphoric acid solution is most suitable for the separation of uranium from rare earths. In view of the above results, the separation of uranium and gross fission products has been carried out ; the resultant yield of uranium is more than 90%, and the decontamination factor is (2～3)×10^3

Corrosion of Copper in Sulfuric Acid under γ-ray Irradiation

In order to illustrate the corrosion behavior of metals under radiation, we undertook a systematic study of the corrosion of pure metals in mineral acid under γ-ray irradiation. In this paper are presented the results of experiments on the corrosion of copper in sulfuric acid. Irradiation cells containing sulfuric acid in the desired concentration in which pure copper plate is immersed is irradiated with a Co-60 γ-ray source, the specimen is hauled up from the sulfuric acid and weighed to determine the weight loss ; if necessary, the surface of the specimens are examined photographically, or by the X-ray or electron diffraction method, and the corrosion products are chemically analysed. The test results are compared with those of reference runs conducted under the same conditions minus irradiation. The results are as follows : (1) Effect of radiation is pronounced above the total dose of 10^7r. (2) The loss of weight becomes greater with the higher acidity up to 5N and then decreases, reaching a minimum at 20 N. But in concentrated sulfuric acid, it is remarkable and a dark green corrosion product is precipitated which is assumed to be composed of CuS. (3) The effect of radiation is mainly due to the decomposition of sulfuric acid but not to the influence on the nature of the metal itself. (4) The above results are discussed from the standpoint of the radiolysis of sulfuric acid solution

HERTHENA-Lung01, a Phase II Trial of Patritumab Deruxtecan (HER3-DXd) in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Mutated Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer After Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy and Platinum-Based Chemotherapy

Non-small-cell lung cancer; Mutation; Epidermal growth factorCáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas; Mutación; Factor de crecimiento epidérmicoCàncer de pulmó de cèl·lules no petites; Mutació; Factor de creixement epidèrmicPURPOSE Patritumab deruxtecan, or HER3-DXd, is an antibody-drug conjugate consisting of a fully human monoclonal antibody to human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3) attached to a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload via a stable tetrapeptide-based cleavable linker. We assessed the efficacy and safety of HER3-DXd in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–mutated non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS This phase II study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04619004) was designed to evaluate HER3-DXd in patients with advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC previously treated with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy and platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC). Patients received HER3-DXd 5.6 mg/kg intravenously once every 3 weeks or an uptitration regimen (3.2 → 4.8 → 6.4 mg/kg). The primary end point was confirmed objective response rate (ORR; RECIST 1.1) by blinded independent central review (BICR), with a null hypothesis of 26.4% on the basis of historical data. RESULTS Enrollment into the uptitration arm closed early on the basis of a prespecified benefit-risk assessment of data from the phase I U31402-A-U102 trial. In total, 225 patients received HER3-DXd 5.6 mg/kg once every 3 weeks. As of May 18, 2023, median study duration was 18.9 (range, 14.9-27.5) months. Confirmed ORR by BICR was 29.8% (95% CI, 23.9 to 36.2); median duration of response, 6.4 months; median progression-free survival, 5.5 months; and median overall survival, 11.9 months. The subgroup of patients with previous osimertinib and PBC had similar outcomes. Efficacy was observed across a broad range of pretreatment tumor HER3 membrane expression levels and across diverse mechanisms of EGFR TKI resistance. In patients with nonirradiated brain metastases at baseline (n = 30), the confirmed CNS ORR by BICR per CNS RECIST was 33.3% (95% CI, 17.3 to 52.8). The safety profile (National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v5.0) was manageable and tolerable, consistent with previous observations. CONCLUSION After tumor progression with EGFR TKI therapy and PBC in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC, HER3-DXd once every 3 weeks demonstrated clinically meaningful efficacy with durable responses, including in CNS metastases. A phase III trial in EGFR-mutated NSCLC after progression on an EGFR TKI is ongoing (HERTHENA-Lung02; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05338970)

HERTHENA-Lung01: a phase II study of patritumab deruxtecan (HER3-DXd) in previously treated metastatic EGFR-mutated NSCLC

Antibody–drug conjugate; Non-small-cell lung cancer; Patritumab deruxtecanConjugat anticossos-fàrmac; Càncer de pulmó de cèl·lules no petites; Patritumab deruxtecanConjugado anticuerpo-fármaco; Cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas; Patritumab deruxtecanLimited treatment options exist for EGFR-mutated NSCLC that has progressed after EGFR TKI and platinum-based chemotherapy. HER3 is highly expressed in EGFR-mutated NSCLC, and its expression is associated with poor prognosis in some patients. Patritumab deruxtecan (HER3-DXd) is an investigational, potential first-in-class, HER3-directed antibody–drug conjugate consisting of a HER3 antibody attached to a topoisomerase I inhibitor payload via a tetrapeptide-based cleavable linker. In an ongoing phase I study, HER3-DXd demonstrated promising antitumor activity and a tolerable safety profile in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC, with or without identified EGFR TKI resistance mechanisms, providing proof of concept of HER3-DXd. HERTHENA-Lung01 is a global, registrational, phase II trial further evaluating HER3-DXd in previously treated advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC