Mechanism of Thrombus Formation in Regard to Diet

The majority of diseases causing sudden death or sudden onset of serious restriction of quality of life are thrombotic disease. Myocardial infarction is often caused by thrombotic occlusion of coronary arterial branches. Ischemic stroke is also caused by occlusion of cerebral arteries with thrombi. In patients admitted to the hospital and immobility, venous thromboembolism causing pulmonary embolism is a major cause of death. The risk of cardiovascular events is influenced by food intake. Yet, the mechanism between specific food intake and the risk of thrombotic disease is still to be elucidated. Recent progress of computer and information technology allows us to describe complex biological phenomena such as thrombosis from basic principles of physics and chemistry. Coupling blood flow, platelet, coagulation, and fibrinolysis allows us to understand the contributing role of each factor for thrombus formation. Yet, the precise role of food intake to influence the risk of thrombosis is still to be elucidated. Coupling basic research and large-scale clinical research will further clarify the role of various types of food intake in the risk of thrombosis

On generalized Gorenstein local rings

In this paper, we introduce generalized Gorenstein local (GGL) rings. The notion of GGL rings is a natural generalization of the notion of almost Gorenstein rings, which can thus be treated as part of the theory of GGL rings. For a Cohen-Macaulay local ring $R$, we explore the endomorphism algebra of the maximal ideal, the trace ideal of the canonical module, Ulrich ideals, and Rees algebras of parameter ideals in connection with the GGL property. We also give numerous examples of numerical semigroup rings, idealizations, and determinantal rings of certain matrices.Comment: 37 page

The TIMI Study Group's Contributions to the Advancement of Cardiology --With Focus on Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease--

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality across the world, warranting continuous research in this field. The elucidation of the atherogenesis mechanism is considered one of the most relevant scientific accomplishments of the last century. This has led to the clinical development of various novel therapeutic interventions for patients with or at risk of ASCVD, in which randomized clinical trials played a crucial role.The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Study Group was initially established to conduct a clinical trial studying thrombolysis for treatment of myocardial infarction. owever, over the years, the TIMI Study Group has expanded their research interests to include antithrombotic therapy, lipid lowering, anti-diabetes, anti-obesity, and even heart failure. By leading large-scale, international, randomized, controlled trials of novel therapeutics, the TIMI Study Group has helped shape the very practice of cardiovascular medicine for over a quarter of a century, and decades of research continue to provide future promise for further advancement. Through a mutual goal to improve the care of ASCVD patients, the Japanese scientific community has become one of the important contributors to the TIMI Study Group’s clinical research.In this review article, the authors aim to summarize major research lead by the TIMI Study Group in the ASCVD field

Sensitive immunohistochemistry for autopsied brain

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a valuable method for identifying discrete neurochemical molecules by the interaction of target antigens with validated antibodies tagged with a visible label (e.g., peroxidase). We have developed an immunostaining method that is highly sensitive in detection of neurochemical antigens. Our IHC method, which we call the PBTA method, involves a hybrid protocol that implements aspects of both the polymer and avidin-biotin-complex (ABC) methods in combination with biotin-tyramide amplification. When using [Met]-enkephalin as a target antigen, the sensitivity of the PBTA method for IHC was more than 100-fold higher compared with the polymer and ABC methods. In addition, its sensitivity for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was about 1,000-fold higher compared with the ABC method. We examined the utility of our IHC method for both chromogenic and fluorescence detection systems used to visualize neurochemical peptides and proteins in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from autopsied human brains. The results convincingly demonstrate that under optimal conditions, our IHC method is highly sensitive without increasing non-specific background activities. Our IHC method could be a powerful tool for detection and visualization of neurochemical antigens that are present even in trace amounts in autopsied human brains