Poloidal Distribution Measurement of Inward Neutral Flux in LHD

Three emission lines of neutral helium, i.e., the λ 667.8 nm (21P-31D), λ 728.1 nm (21P-31S), and λ 706.5 nm (23P-33S) lines, are observed with an array of parallel lines-of-sight which covers an entire poloidal cross section of the plasma in the Large Helical Device (LHD). Their emission locations and intensities are determined from the Zeeman profiles. The electron temperature and density are evaluated from intensity ratios among the observed emission lines at each emission location and the poloidal distribution of ionization flux or its equivalent quantity, inward neutral particle flux, is derived with the help of collisional-radiative model calculations. A relatively strong neutral flux is observed at the inboard-side X-point and this result implies a high particle recycling in the inboardside divertor region. The result is consistent with the ion flux distribution onto the helically located divertor plates measured with Langmuir probes

Spatial distribution measurement of atomic radiation with an astigmatism-corrected Czerny-Turner-type spectrometer in the Large Helical Device

Emission lines in the visible/UV wavelength ranges are observed with 80 lines of sight which cover an entire poloidal cross section of the plasma in the Large Helical Device. The emitted light is received with optical fibers having 100 ?m diameter and is guided into a 1.33 m Czerny-Turner-type spectrometer based on spherical mirrors for collimating and focusing. A charge-coupled device having 13.3×13.3 mm^2 area size is used as the detector and the spectra from all the lines of sight are recorded perpendicularly to the wavelength dispersion. The spectrometer is equipped with optics located in front of the entrance slit to correct the difference between the meridional and sagittal focal points, and thus the astigmatism, which otherwise causes severe cross talk between adjacent optical fiber images on the detector, is corrected. Consequently, simultaneous spectral measurement with 80 lines of sight is realized. The Zeeman splitting of a neutral helium line, lambda667.8 nm (2 ^1P-3 ^1D), which is caused by the magnetic field for plasma confinement, is measured with the spectrometer. Though the obtained line profile is in general a superposition of several components on the same line of sight, they can be separated according to their different splitting widths. The two-dimensional poloidal distribution of the helium line intensity is obtained with the help of a tomographic technique

Risk factors for cognitive dysfunction after coronary artery bypass graft surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes

ObjectivesThe mechanisms of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in patients with diabetes after coronary artery bypass grafting are not fully understood. We sought to determine which type 2 diabetes–related factors contributed to postoperative cognitive dysfunction at 7 days and 6 months after coronary artery bypass grafting.MethodsOne hundred eighty patients with type 2 diabetes who were scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass grafting were studied. As a control group, 100 patients without diabetes mellitus matched for age, sex, and educational level were examined. Hemodynamic parameters (arterial and jugular venous blood gas values) were measured during cardiopulmonary bypass. All patients underwent a battery of neurologic and neuropsychologic tests the day before surgery, 7 days after surgery, and 6 months after surgery.ResultsAge (odds ratio 1.5, 95% confidence interval 1.3-1.8, P = .03), presence of hypertension (odds ratio 1.8, 95% confidence interval 1.3-2.0, P = .01), jugular venous oxygen saturation less than 50% time (odds ratio 1.5, 95% confidence interval 1.1-2.0, P = .045), presence of ascending aorta atherosclerosis (odds ratio 1.5, 95% confidence interval 1.1-2.6, P = .01), diabetic retinopathy (odds ratio 2.0, 95% confidence interval 1.3-3.0, P = .01), and insulin therapy (odds ratio 2.0, 95% confidence interval 1.3-3.0, P = .05), were associated with cognitive impairment at 7 days. Insulin therapy (odds ratio 2.0, 95% confidence interval 1.3-3.8, P = .01), diabetic retinopathy (odds ratio 1.3, 95% confidence interval 1.2-2.9, P < .01), and hemoglobin A1c (odds ratio 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.3-3.1, P = .047) were associated with cognitive impairment at 6 postoperative months.ConclusionsInsulin therapy, diabetic retinopathy, and hemoglobin A1c were factors in cognitive impairment at 7 days and 6 months after coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with type 2 diabetes

Ⅲ.Chemistry

東京大学Editor : Tazaki, Kazue |田崎, 和

チテキカンキョウニオケルインタラクションシエンノタメノジッセカイコンテキストニンシキオヨビオウヨウ

We have observed Fe14+ (3s^2 ^1S_0 - 3s3p ^1P_1) and Fe15+ (3s ^2S1/2 - 3p ^2P_[3/2]) emissions from a LHD plasma with a space-resolved extreme-ultraviolet spectrometer. The observed intensity distributions against the viewing chord for the respective emissions are reconstructed to the emission flux distributions in the plasma against the normalized radius of the poloidal cross section with a maximum entropy method. Both of the emissions localize in the periphery region, and the Fe^[14+] emission is located outer side than that of Fe15+. We calculate the charge state distribution of Fe ions against the normalized radius assuming the ionization equilibrium at the electron temperature and density, which are measured by a Thomson scattering method. The calculated result is consistent with the experimental one

Properties of OV Spectral Lines in Ionizing and Recombining Plasmas

A collisional-radiative model for Be-like oxygen ions has been constructed for OV plasmaspectroscopy. The model takes into account recombination processes as well as collisional ionization, radiative transitions, and collisional excitation/deexcitation. Two sets of atomic data are used for comparison. We obtain OV line intensities as functions of electron temperature and density. The line intensity ratios of 2s3s 35 - 2s3p \u27Pr=o.r., are measured in LHD plasmas and are consistent with our models. The line intensity ratio of 2s2p 3P - 2p"P and 2s2 tS - 2s2p rP in recombining plasma is an increasing function of temperature and one measured in the LHD plasma indicates electron temperature less than 7eV. The ratios measured in steady-state phase are larger than I and difficult to explain with the current model