Scattered Dropping Attack on TCP-Based Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Scattered Dropping Attack (SDA) is a simple yet very powerful denial of service (DoS) attack that is effective on both TCP and UDP based MANETs. The simulation results clearly show the impact of proposed attack on the network throughput, bandwidth wastage and received data quality. It has also been observed that even though the TCP congestion control is adaptable to the packet losses but in case of the dropping attack it is fully unable to detect whether the packet drop is the result of the attacker misbehaving or it is due to the congestion or other wireless environmental problem

Automatic Vehicle Detection Techniques in Image Processing Using Satellite Imaginary

Digital image processing is a fast growing field and many applications are developed in science and engineering. Image processing has the possibility of establish the latest machine that could perform the visual functions of all living beings. Object recognition is one of the most imperative features of image processing. Object detection from a satellite image or aerial image is a type of the object recognition system. This system is the most interesting and challenging research topic from past few years. It is known that the traffic is increasing day by day in the developing and developed countries. Satellites images are normally used for weather forecasting and geographical applications. So, Satellites images may be also good for the traffic detection system using Image processing. An automated system is developed using morphological recognition algorithm in MATLAB R2013a. In which image is captured from camera and converted into gray scale image for pre-processing. After conversion, image complemented, binary conversion is applied on image. After conversion canny edge detection method has done and passed this detection to the dilation process. After filtration and dilation, area is selected where number of vehicles is maximum and vehicles are recognized from the image in the form of bounding box. For detection number of vehicle each separately blob analysis is used. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15036

Automatic Object Detection in Image Processing: A Survey

Digital image processing is a fast growing field and many applications are developed in science and engineering. Image processing has the possibility of establish the latest machine that could perform the visual functions of all living beings. Object recognition is one of the most imperative features of image processing. Object detection from a satellite image or aerial image is a type of the object recognition system. This system is the most interesting and challenging research topic from past few years. It is known that the traffic is increasing day by day in the developing and developed countries. Satellites images are normally used for weather forecasting and geographical applications. So, Satellites images may be also good for the traffic detection system using Image processing

Isolation and characterization of developmentally regulated novel target site from embryonic chick heart

Differential gene expression is the primary determinant of numerous biological processes such as cell differentiation, proliferation, organogenesis, tumor progression and apoptosis. In that context, regulatory proteins play pivotal roles and determine cell fate in all physiological conditions of differentiation, development and disease. As these regulatory proteins are present in extremely small amount in cells, their isolation and identification from tissues is impracticable. These regulatory proteins bind to the target sites (DNA elements) located in the promoter, enhancer and other regulatoryregion of the genome. These target sites control the developmental expression of genes. In the present paper we have isolated and characterized one novel target site (GTGTT) which is developmentally expressed during chick heart development

In-situ gel: a study of dental diseases

In-situ forming polymeric gelling systems has become prominent among novel drug delivery system (NDDS) in recent years due to advantages such as sustained and prolonged drug action, improved patient compliance and reduced frequency of administration of the drug in comparison to conventional drug delivery system (DDS). This is a type of mucoadhesive DDS where the polymeric formulation is in sol form before administration and once comes in contact with body fluids; it undergoes gelation to form a gel. The formulation of gel depends upon factors like temperature modulation, pH changes, presence of ions and ultraviolet irradiation from which drug gets released in sustained and controlled manner. Conventional formulation for the treatment of dental diseases has certain drawbacks. A new concept of in situ gel was develop to overcome the shortcoming of conventional formulation which deals with dental diseases. Conventional oral formulations like solution, suspension, and ointments have many disadvantages which result into poor bioavailability of drug in the buccal cavity. In-situ forming polymeric formulation drug delivery systems is in sol form before administration in the body, but once administered, undergoes gelation in-situ to form a gel

Formulation and evaluation of colon targeted dosage form of prednisolone tablet using sterculia gum

Matrix tablets of Prednisolone were prepared by wet granulation method using various proportions of Sterculia gum with Carbopol 934P and Sterculia gum with Ethyl cellulose at 1:1, 1: .5 and 1:2 ratio. Coating was carried out by using 1:1 ratio of Eudragit L100 and Eudragit S100. All the preparation were evaluated for Pre compressional properties, Post compressional properties and in-vitro Dissolution study in different pH buffer of 0.1N HCL ,pH 7.4 , pH 6.8 in order to mimic GIT condition. Formulation shows good results with good percentage yield

Various approaches for targeting colon: a review

The colonic region of GIT has become an increasingly important site for drug delivery and absorption. This site specific delivery of drug to lower parts of the GIT is advantage for localized treatment of several colonic disease like colon cancer, crohn’s disease, ulceratice colitis, IBD, diarrhea etc. colon targeted drug delivery system (CTDDS) ensure direct treatment at the disease site and avoiding the systemic side effects. It is suitable for absorption site for protein and peptide drugs. Cytochrome P450 3A class of drug metabolizing enzyme, have lower activity in colon.  This review, mainly compares the primary approaches for (CTDDS) Colon targeted Drug Delivery system namely prodrugs, pH and time dependent systems, and microbially triggered systems, which achieved limited success and had limitations as compared with newer CDDS namely pressure controlled colonic delivery capsules, CODESTM, and osmotic controlled drug delivery which are unique in terms of achieving in vivo site specificity, and feasibility of manufacturing proces

Transformation of Images Using Wavelet Transform For Image Watermarking of Text in Binary Images

DWT and DCT compress the image and generates a decomposed image use of those decomposed band has been demonstrated in this paper of watermarking. Image watermarking is important for transmition of secret data over communication channel.DWT ensures the security, however text hiding is slightly different and uses the transformation the other way round and hence enhances the complexity and also the dissolving capacity of the cover image as now the text data range gets equivalent to the image data range hence it gets settle down easily, on the other hand the secrete image still uses the dwt technique to get its range altered and hence the images gets settled down easily without revealing any information

Prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) and extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) among uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from female patients in a tertiary care hospital in North India

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial infection in women. It is very common during pregnancy and may present as asymptomatic bacteriuria. Escherichia coli is the primary urinary pathogen accounting for 74-90% of uncomplicated urinary tract infection. The aim of the study was to evaluate in-vitro antibiotic susceptibility among urine isolates of Escherichia coli and prevalence of resistance marker like ESBL producer and MDR status.Methods: Mid-stream urine samples of 205 female patients were processed for culture and sensitivity. All the samples were inoculated on culture media and growth showing significant bacteriuria (>105 cfu/ml) were subjected to identification and antibiotic sensitivity testing on Automated system BD Phoenix 100. ESBL status was detected by the system and MDR status was evaluated by standard guidelines.Results: Out of 205 urine samples, 47 samples (22.93%) showed growth of organism. Out of the 47 growth positive samples, 36 (76.60%) samples showed growth of Escherichia coli and out of which 13 (36.11%) were ESBL producer and 23 (63.89%) were ESBL non-producer. Escherichia coli was mostly isolated from younger age group (21-40 years) (61.11%). Antimicrobial susceptibility showed very good sensitivity towards Amikacin, Tigecycline, Carbapenems, Fosfomycin, Piperacillin-tazobactam and Nitrofurantoin. All the isolates of ESBL producer are MDR (100%) and 21.7% of ESBL non-producer are MDR. There is evidence of transfer of resistance genes for non-β-lactam antibiotics along with ESBL resistance marker.Conclusions: Escherichia coli was the predominant uropathogen isolated from female patients and Amikacin, Nitrofurantoin and Fosfomycin can be used as first line drug