A Generalisation of an Ostrowski Inequality in Inner Product Spaces

A generalisation of inner product spaces of an inequality due to Ostrowski and applications for sequences and integrals are given

Improving EMR Competency in First Year Nursing Students

Abstract Purpose: Competency in the nursing profession is a term many nurses are familiar with as it correlates to the ability to perform a task successfully. Nursing skills such as mixing insulin, giving an intramuscular injection, or taking manual blood pressure are all examples of skills evaluated during nursing school to determine the nursing students’ competency level. In addition to these nursing skills, informatics competency using an electronic medical record (EMR) should be assessed as well. The goal of the project is to gain significant insight for informatics curriculum development across and within undergraduate programs at a university in Southwest Georgia (SWGAU). Background: Currently, a new academic electronic medical record (AEMR) called Docucare has been initiated at SWGAU. Informatics competency skills checkoff on the new AEMR are not being assessed with first-year nursing students. Methods: Conceptual and theoretical frameworks were appraised to bring theory to practice implementing the proposed project. Patricia Benner’s Novice to Expert Theory and the Implementation Research Logic Model were analyzed and correlated to AEMR competency with first-year nursing students. The Plan Do Study Act method, along with the Tiger-based Assessment of Nursing Informatics Competencies (TANIC) tool were utilized to implement the simulation event. Results: The results of the project demonstrate the importance of informatics in nursing school and indicated a significant improvement after AEMR education in a simulation activity in first-year nursing students, especially related to the clinical data management area of focus. Conclusion: As technology changes in healthcare, it is vital academic settings should focus on improving informatics knowledge and competencies to guide nursing curriculum development

Characterization and Analysis of Farming System in Chiro District, West Hararghe Zone

This study was conducted to identify and prioritize the production systems and major production constraints of Chiro district. The selection of the kebeles was done purposively based on the agro ecology. For the study, one PRA group in each kebeles was formed composed of male, female and youth group to collect primary data. The main methods used to gather the data were interviews with the district Agricultural office experts, Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) with selected farmers and reviewing of secondary data from different unpublished sources. Descriptive ways of analysis method were applied using SPSS version 20.  The study was focused on major constraints of crop production, livestock production and natural resource production with respect to all factors of production. The study indicated that major constraints of agricultural production in the area are drought, soil erosion, lack of improved seed, invasive weeds, disease, insect-pests and inadequate feed resources, absence of improved breeds, poor animal health, labor shortages, lack of inputs and market opportunities. Keywords: Farming system characterization, opportunities, constraints, PR

Assessing the Impact of Advertisement on Brand Preference of Beer Products: In Case of Adama City, Ethipioa

Measuring the impact of advertisement in consumers brand preference is very essential for every marketer. Advertisement does not create any positive change in consumers’ brand preference; all resources such as money, time, and effort spent on advertisement will go in vain. The study aims to explore the impact of advertisement on consumers brand preference in the beer brand market in Adama city. The structured questionnaires were used to collect primary data from 384 respondents, out of which 346 valid questionnaires were collected and analyzed. These respondents were selected by using stratified probability sampling method. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage) and inferential statistics like correlation and multiple regressions. The finding revealed that there are positive and significant relationships between advertising media, source of advertisement, characteristics of advertising messages and brand preference of beer. Even though it has high influence in overall view, among advertising media TV is the most influential media in brand preference of beer in Adama city context. Eventually, this study recommends appropriate actions for companies in refining their advertising strategies as a means of overcoming the intense competition that exist in the market, therefore, they can increase their sales volume and market share. Keywords: Advertisement, brand preference, source of advertising, advertising Media, characteristics of advertising message

A Review on Shigella Dysenteriae and Salmonella Typhi: Implications for Food Handlers

This paper has reviewed researches that obtained from peer-reviewed literatures on Salmonellosis and Shigellosis. Foodborne diseases related to unhygienic food handling practices remain a major public health problem across the globe. The problem is severe in developing countries due to limitations in securing optimal hygienic food handling practices. Data shows that an estimated 70% of cases of diarrheal diseases are associated with the consumption of foods contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms. Among these microorganisms Salmonella and Shigella are the major ones. In this review, it is noted that these potentially pathogens are still public health problems. Therefore, there needs to be frequent monitory and evaluation system so as to plan intervention strategies for at risk population in the area of water sanitation and hygienic food handling practice to minimize the burden posed by the diseases associated with Salmonellosis and Shigellosis.Keywords: Diarrheal diseases; Foodborne diseases; Salmonellosis; Shigellosis

Review on Informal Business Sectors: An Emphasis on Its Practices and Opportunities

The informal economy has rapidly expanded world-wide especially in developing countries and it is continued being the only option for socio-economic problem of the community particularly for urban poor. The practice of informal activities is more or less the same both in developed and developing countries. Many studies have indicated the significance of the sector in solving various social and economic problems of the urban poor in general and in reduction of unemployment, providing low price goods and services and new job creation in particular. Despite the fact that, the nature of the informal sector as it is neither capital intensive nor requiring educational skills it is means that poor people are drawn more to this sector than the formal sector. However, the sector remain controversial concerning its negative or positive impacts and there is strong negative views about the sectors from formal business operators, academicians and other stakeholders and because of this, the sectors is not contributing as much as it can.   Generally, there is no doubt about the substantial role of informal business in being the survival means and reducing poverty especially for urban poor communities and it requires the government support as it needs to be transformed to formalization, expanded and grow to micro level enterprise

Challenges to the Implementation of Community Policing in Mekelle City Administration

Community policing is aimed at discovering and resolving community problems though a number of challenges are affecting it. But these challenges are inadequate in the scientific literature. Consequently, the objective of this paper is to assess the challenges that are affecting the implementation of community policing in Mekelle City based on primary and secondary data. Both qualitative and quantitative research approaches were employed. The data collected through key informants and focus group discussion were analyzed critically.183 questionnaires from the 188 questionnaire were found eligible for analysis. The findings show that  inadequacy of know-how about community policing, low public trust in the police, weak police-community relations, low participation of community in community policing initiatives, insufficient media coverage of community policing activities, low participation of business community, frequent staff rotation, lack of sufficient resource to support community policing activities are the challenges that are affecting the implementation of community policing in Mekelle City Administration. Therefore, to ensure the success of community policing the important actions to be necessarily taken is to develop the awareness of the community about the practice of community policing. Keywords: Challenge, Implementation, Community policin

Prevalence, Antibiogram and Growth Potential of Salmonella and Shigella in Ethiopia: Implications for Public Health. A Review

This article has reviewed researches that obtained from peer-reviewed literatures on Salmonellosis and Shigellosis in different parts of Ethiopia. The prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella, the causative agent for Salmonellosis and Shigellosis, respectively, their antibiogram and growth potential were the main objectives of this review. Foodborne diseases related to unhygienic food handling practices remain a major public health problem across the globe. The problem is severe in developing countries due to limitations in securing optimal hygienic food handling practices. Data shows that an estimated 70% of cases of diarrheal diseases are associated with the consumption of foods contaminated with pathogenic microorganisms.  Among these microorganisms Salmonella and Shigella are the major ones. In most studies of Antibiograms tests, Salmonella and Shigella spp. showed high resistance to the commonly used antibiotics which indicate serious problems in antimicrobial therapy globally, especially in developing countries. In challenge studies, Salmonella and Shigella spp. reached the infective dose within 4 to 24 hours of inoculation, respectively in various food samples. In this review, it is noted that these potentially pathogens are still public health problems. Therefore, there needs  health education, frequent monitory and evaluation system of microbiological and antimicrobial surveillance so as to plan intervention strategies for at risk population in the area of water sanitation and hygienic food handling practice to minimize the burden posed by the diseases Salmonellosis and Shigellosis. Keywords: Antibiograms; Diarrheal diseases; Ethiopia; Foodborne diseases; Growth potential;  Salmonellosis; Shigellosis

From normalization of relations to war: United States-Libya relations 2001-2011

The purpose of this study is to examine the fluctuating United States-Libya relations from September 11th, 2001 to the 2011 international military intervention in the Libyan conflict. Both world events critically shaped the course of U.S.-Libya relations in conflicting courses and therefore raise important questions on the economic, strategic and political incentives for both the U.S. and Libya behind the normalization of U.S.-Libya relations. This study uses theoretical (neorealism, liberal internationalism and neo-Gramscian analysis) and qualitative research methods in order to investigate the rationale for the U.S. government’s decision to support the 2011 international military intervention in the Libyan conflict. In doing so, I explain why the U.S. supported the Libyan rebels against the Libyan government, a recent U.S. ally. I also demonstrate that the U.S. involvement in the international intervention in Libya was over-determined,” or having more than one determining factor, since both a humanitarian and strategic interest in backing the intervention existed. Furthermore, my research suggests that the U.S. support for an intervention in Libya was driven by U.S. interest, yet ultimately was influenced by a larger agenda. This agenda included European states (Britain and France) and Gulf monarchies (Saudi Arabia, Qatar and United Arab Emirates) whose interests included regional and political stability, or in other words, maintaining the status quo, as well as commercial interests regarding Libya’s oil and natural gas reserves. The historic animosities towards the Libyan government shared by these key states are significant in their support of the 2011 international military intervention in the Libyan conflict

Microbial Bioremediation of some Heavy Metals in Soils: An updated review

Nowadays, due to industrialization and extraction of natural resources, soil and water pollution is one of the major global concerns. During the recent era of environmental protection, the use of microorganisms for the recovery of heavy metals from soil, sediments and water as well as employment of plants for landfill applications has generated growing attention. The role of microorganisms and plants in biotransformation of heavy metals into nontoxic forms is well-documented, and understanding the molecular mechanism of metal accumulation has numerous biotechnological implications for bioremediation of metal-contaminated sites. The food and water we consume are often contaminated with a range of chemicals and heavy metals, such as gold, copper, nickel, zinc, lead, cadmium, arsenic, chromium, and mercury that are associated with numerous diseases. Human activities like metalliferous mining and smelting, agriculture, waste disposal or industry discharge these metals which can produce harmful effects on human health when they are taken up in amounts that cannot be processed by the organism.  Many studies have demonstrated that microbes have the ability to remove heavy metals from contaminated soils. Among others some of the microorganisms that play great role in bioremediation of heavy metals are Pseudomonas spp.Alcaligenes spp., Arthrobacter spp., Bacillus spp., Corynebacterium spp., Flavobacterium spp., Azotobacter spp., Rhodococcus spp.Mycobacterium spp., Nocardia spp., Methosinussp.,Methanogens, Aspergilusniger, Pleurotusostreatus , Rhizopusarrhizus, Stereumhirsutum, Phormidiumvalderiumand Ganodermaapplantus. The encouraging evidence as to the usefulness of microorganisms and their constituents for the remediation of heavy metals from contaminated soils is reviewed in this article. Keywords: Bioremediation, Biotransformation, Heavy metals, Microbial, Toxicity.