Investigating the Interlingual Errors in Students’ Essay: The Case of Error Classification

The purpose of the present study was to identify the most frequently observed interlingual errors in the corpus under the study and the possible relationship between the gender and the type of interlingual errors. The results of this study revealed that the most frequently observed interlingual errors in the corpus under the study are spelling, word order, and punctuation errors and there is significant relationship between the gender and the type of interlingual errors (L1 interference and spelling, word order, and punctuation errors) on the basis of the obtained results for EFL learners. Accordingly based on the results it can be concluded that there is a relationship between interlingual errors and gender since the findings revealed that first, female participants make more spelling, word order, and punctuation errors (65%) by overlooking the writing system rules in the target language compared to the male participants (35%). Second, the results of the study confirm that female participants make more literal translation errors (55%) by translating his first language sentence or idiomatic expression in to the target language word by word compared to the male participants (45%)

A Study of the Relationship between Transformational Leadership Style and Situational Factors for Successful Operation at Assumption Samutprakan School, Thailand

This correlational study examined the relationship between transformational leadership style and three situational factors (leader-member exchange or LMR, task structure or TS, and position power or PP) for successful operation at Assumption Samutprakarn School, Thailand. To meet the study’s objectives, all 99 administrators and academic departments of the target school were given a survey questionnaire to complete (Multi-Factor Leadership Questionnaire–to measure transformational leadership style, Situational Factor Questionnaire–to measure the three situational factors, and researcher-constructed questions aimed at depicting the demographic profile of the participants). The major findings of this study were: (1) The school administrators and academic departments perceived that they have high transformational leadership style, high leader-member relations, high task-structure, and high position power; (2) Transformation leadership style was not found to be significantly related to the leader-member relations situational factor (p>.05); (3) Transformational leadership style is positively and significantly related to the task-structure situational factor (p<.01); and (4) Transformational leadership style was positively and significantly related to the position power situational factor (p<.001)

Solar Thermal Power Plants: Progress and Prospects in Iran

AbstractOne of the most promising paths towards the sustainable development is utilizing solar energy, especially in oil-dependent economy nations like Iran. Electricity production in Iran is mainly dominated by its fossil fuel resources. High solar insolation and available desert lands in Iran are two main factors to encourage the full development of solar power plants for thermal and electrical energy productions. Herein, the solar thermal power plants have the priorities of consistent power output and the ability to incorporate storage. In the present study, a brief description and working principles of the solar thermal power plants are given. Besides, the paper points out the solar energy potential, the current state of electricity generation and the future of solar thermal power projects in the country. Special attention is drawn to the Iranian government initiatives and support for the use of solar energy. In the end, the future prospects of solar projects development with the worldwide competitive technologies by considering the existing obstacles that should be removed by the Iranian governments and energy planners in the future of energy production are presented

Infrared Emission from Clusters in the Starforming Disk of He2-10

We have made subarcsecond-resolution images of the central 10" of the Wolf-Rayet dwarf galaxy He 2-10 at 11.7 microns, using the Long Wavelength Spectrometer on the Keck Telescope. The spatial distribution of the infrared emission roughly agrees with that of the rising spectrum radio sources seen by Kobulnicky & Johnson (1999) and confirms that those sources are compact HII regions rather than SNR or other objects. The infrared sources are more extended than the subarcsecond rising spectrum radio sources, although the entire complex is still less than 5" in extent. On sizescales of 1" the infrared and radio emission are in excellent agreement, with each source requiring several hundred to a thousand O stars for excitation. The nebulae lie in a flattened disk-like distribution about 240 by 100 pc and provide all of the flux measured by IRAS for the entire galaxy in the 12 micron band; 30% of the total IRAS flux from the galaxy emanates from one 15-30 pc source. In this galaxy, intense star formation, probably triggered by an accretion event, is confined to a central disk which breaks up into distinct nebulae which presumably mark the sites of young super star clusters.Comment: Accepted for Publication in the Astronomical Journa

Psychological Stress in Thai Mothers of Children with Cognitive Disabilities: The Predictors and Consequences of Coping Strategies and Perceived Controllability

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of personal and environmental factors on maternal stress, being mediating by perceived controllability to cope with emotion and problems of life situations, on Thai mothers of children with cognitive disabilities. Total sample of participants was 800 Thai mothers, in Thailand. Data for the research were collected using a questionnaire that consisted of the following standardized scales, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situation (for problem & emotion) focused coping (CISS), Locus of Control Scale (LOC), Self- Compassion (SC), Self – Efficacy (SE), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Child Behavioral Scale (CBS), and Controllability Scale (CAS). In order to meet the objective of this study, an indirect model was designed and conducted via structural equation modeling (SEM), employed to measure the three nested (direct, indirect and full path) models. Evaluation and comparison of the fit of these three nested models posited to the full path models were more parsimonious and better fitting than the others path models. The results revealed that children’s behavioral problems directly, self- compassion, self- efficacy direct and indirectly, social support, indirectly affected to maternal stress by mediating perceived controllability and coping strategies

Short communication: Ecological classification of southern zones of the Caspian Sea (Mazandaran Province), based on CMECS model

A coastal area is a confluence of land and marine ecosystems and includes the independent biological, ecological, and geological area. Increasing pressure on these areas can decrease the quality of marine habitats, and can even lead to the loss of sensitive habitats. In this regard, a “biotope” has been suggested as the most informative operational unit for research and management. These biotopes, however, have been specified by the dominant species; they depend on the seabed, they are stable, and sometimes are used synonymously with the word ecology. Habitat classifications are, therefore, most accurate and ecologically relevant at the biotope level because of the direct relationship between the biota and their environment. The Coastal Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) was developed with the input of over 40 coastal and 20 marine habitat experts and presents a universally accepted standard classification for coastal and marine habitats. ... We classified the eastern coast of Mazandaran Province (Babolsar to Amirabad Port) and then encoded this zone based on the CMECS model