Assessing ecological risks and benefits of genetically modified crops 99

Abstract: Genetically modified (GM) crops and biotechnology are providing new opportunities for increasing crop productivity and tackling agriculture problems, such as diseases, pests and weeds, abiotic stress and nutritional limitations of staple food crops. As GM crops are being adopted in various locations with different ecosystems, a scientifically based understanding of the environmental effects of cultivations of GM crops would assist decision makers worldwide in ensuring environmental safety and sustainability. In this paper are discussed some of the most important problems related to the GM crops into the environment such as: plant protection, hybridisation, ecological effects of HRCs, gene flow, biodiversity, stress, ecological risks (ERA), effects on the soil ecosystem etc

Efekat tretmana semena elektromagnetnim poljem niskih frekvencija na produktivnost soje

Razvoj nauke i tehnologije ide u pravcu introdukcije novih pristupa u oplemenjivanju biljaka i različitih metoda za povećanja produktivnosti biljaka. Jedna od najnovijih metoda je implementacija ekološki prihvatljive tehnike korišćenja pulsirajućeg elektromagnetnog polja niskih frekvencija (PEMP). U radu su prikazani rezultati uticaja elektromagnetne stimulacije semena soje na masu zrna po biljci, masu 1.000 zrna i prinos zrna u različitim agroekološkim uslovima. U trogodišnjem istraživanju, u periodu od 2013. do 2015. godine, korišćena je sorta soje Valjevka, gajena pri različitim količinama đubriva (kontrola – bez đubrenja, 750 kg/ha i 1300 kg/ha). Pre setve, seme je bilo podvrgnuto stimulaciji sa PEMP u varijantama: kontrola – bez stimulacije i stimulacija naizmeničnim magnetnim poljem sa indukcijom od 30 mT i vreme ekspozicije od 15 minuta. Prosečna masa zrna po biljci pri stimulaciji semena bila je za 11,53% (12,09) viša nego bez PEMP (10,84). Masa 1.000 zrna sa PEMP je iznosila 155,99 g, što je bilo više za 2,06% u odnosu na varijantu bez PEMP (152,83 g). Prosečan prinos zrna soje za sve tri godine istraživanja sa stimulacijom semena je bio za 4,85% veći (3481,25 kg/ha) nego bez PEMP (3320,14 kg/ha). Stimulacija semena sa PEMP ima ekonomsku opravdanost, obzirom na rast cena soje na svetskoj berzi. Rezultati pokazuju da PEMP tretman semena soje može značajno uticati na prinos zrna soje i da se suprotstavi neželјenim efektima poput suše i nedostatka đubriva

Assessing ecological risks and benefits of genetically modified crops

Genetically modified (GM) crops and biotechnology are providing new opportunities for increasing crop productivity and tackling agriculture problems, such as diseases, pests and weeds, abiotic stress and nutritional limitations of staple food crops. As GM crops are being adopted in various locations with different ecosystems, a scientifically based understanding of the environmental effects of cultivations of GM crops would assist decision makers worldwide in ensuring environmental safety and sustainability. In this paper are discussed some of the most important problems related to the GM crops into the environment such as: plant protection, hybridisation, ecological effects of HRCs, gene flow, biodiversity, stress, ecological risks (ERA), effects on the soil ecosystem etc