Duality nature of Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators and Specific Steroids Substance

Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs) are the novel class of the androgen receptors (AR), often called tissue-selective AR ligands. Discovery of SARMs will give a possibility to the alternative therapy for androgens therapy (osteoporosis, prostate cancer, muscle wasting). SARMs should have high specificity for the AR, tissue-selective pharmacokinetic activities, improved oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profile which allows once-a-day administration [1]. Example of SARMs is flutamide (flutamidum, Eulexin, imid 2-methyl-N-{4-nitro-(3-trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]- propionic acid), a synthetic nonsteroidal drug that is a competitive antagonist of the androgen receptor. SARMs were recognized as forbidden substances by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and since 2004 they are on the Prohibited List. To point on the Prohibited List 2019 “Substance and methods prohibited at all time (in- and out-of-competition)” SARMs belong to group S1. 2. Other Anabolic Agents, and to group S4. Hormone Antagonist and Modulators [2]. The main role of an anti-doping laboratory is to analyse and to determine whether a given substance should be prohibited in sport. The principal analyses of SARMs and Specific Steroid Substance are a different variant of chromatography (LC — liquid or GC — gas) with many detection techniques (MS — mainly mass spectrometer, MS/MS — tandem mass spectrometer)

Ultrasound use of post-traumatic gluteal haematoma in a patient using warfarin

Most of the muscle pathologies consist of traumas. The use of oral anticoagulants increases post-traumatic bleeding and haematoma risk. Ultrasonography has an important place in diagnostic examination of the soft tissue haematomas that appear in post-traumatic period. In this study a patient is presented who used warfarin and was admitted at the emergency department with hip pain and difficulty in walking, and who had gluteal haematoma on ultrasound after falling down. Hip pains in patients using warfarin must be alarming in terms of gluteal haematoma. Ultrasound offers fast and reliable results in preventing complications

Galectin-3: a novel blood test for the classification of patients with COPD. An observational study

INTRODUCTION: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the major causes of mortality and mortality affecting the whole world. In the inflammatory process, lectin is elevated and consequently, Galectin-3 expression is increased. This relation has been revealed by studies on coronary diseases. However, studies on the association of Galectin-3 with COPD and even other pulmonary diseases have been limited, although it has been studied and described on cardiologic patients. For this reason, in this study Galectin-3 levels in different stages of COPD patients were investigated and whether Galectin-3 could be a guide clinically.  MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is an observational prospective study, approved by local ethic committee (30112015-12), which included three groups of patients, COPD exacerbation, COPD stable and control group, admitted to tertiary healthcare between 01.09.2016 and 01.09.2017.  RESULTS: 137 subjects were included in the study. The mean age of patients in the study was 70.6. Galectin- 3 level in the group of COPD (exacerbation and stable) was significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.001). The Galectin-3 level was significantly lower in COPD exacerbation group than groups of stable COPD and control. And also, Galectin-3 level was significantly lower in stable COPD group than the control group (p values: 0.034, 0.001 and 0.013, respectively). The ROC analysis for the Galectin-3 levels between the COPD patients (exacerbation and stable) and the control group is shown in Figure 2 (AUC = 0.784). When the cut-off points of Galectin-3 is selected as 11.4; for this cut-off point, sensitivity is 83% and specificity is 71% for this cut-off point (AUC: 0.79 %95 GA: 0.70–0.86 p < 0.001).  CONCLUSIONS: COPD is a disease with high mortality and morbidity and efforts are being made to identify its severity and exacerbations with various biomarkers. In this study, Galectin-3 levels were found to be lower in patients with stable COPD group according to the control group. In addition, galactin-3 levels were found to be lower in COPD exacerbation group according to both Stable COPD group and control group. Although a certain threshold value was found in this study, more studies are needed to determine this threshold value more precisely. However, it is clear that these data are promising

Chemical structure, synthesis, and physical and chemical properties of porous polymers as materials applied in analytical chemistry and environmental protection

This article is part of a series devoted to discussing strategies for the synthesis of ion-imprinted polymers and molecularly imprinted polymers, their chemical structure and great potential, which may be used in porous material design, analytical chemistry, environmental protection and other areas of science. The presented work constitutes a basis for a better understanding of what porous polymers are, how we can synthesise them and how to foresee their properties, which can be later used in studies of environmental pollution and analytical chemistry

Comparison of the McGrath MAC EMS Videolaryngoscope with a Conventional Laryngoscope for Standard and Difficult Airway Intubation: A Randomized, Cross-over, Simulation Trial

Aim: Tracheal intubation is challenging in emergency medicine, especially in pre-hospital settings, owing to problems connected with patients, intubator, and the environment. The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of endotracheal intubation performed by paramedics with the use of direct laryngoscopy and the McGrath MAC videolaryngoscope in standard and difficult airway settings. Materials and Methods: The study was designed as a prospective, randomized, cross-over simulation study. It involved 52 paramedics. The participants performed endotracheal intubation in two scenarios: Normal airway and difficult airway, achieved by inflation of the simulator tongue to the level of difficulty determined by an independent instructor at grade 3 on the Cormack-Lehane scale. The primary endpoint was the success of endotracheal intubation; intubation time constituted the secondary endpoint. Results: The median age of participants was 24 years [interquartile range (IQR): 23-25], and the median work experience was 0.5 years (IQR: 0-1). In normal airway (scenario A), the effectiveness of the first intubation attempt was 92.3% for MAC and 96.2% for McGrath (p=0.724). The median intubation time for MAC was 19 (IQR: 14-21.5) seconds and was statistically significantly longer than 16 (12.5-20) seconds for McGrath ( p=0.047). The ease of intubation was 18 (IQR: 10-20) points for McGrath and 25 (IQR: 16-27) points for MAC ( p=0.035). In difficult airway (scenario B), the efficacy of the first intubation attempt for MAC and McGrath equaled 40.4% and 82.7%, respectively. The median intubation time for McGrath was 19 (IQR: 14-27.5) seconds and was significantly shorter than 25 (IQR: 24-39) seconds for MAC ( p=0.007). The degree of glottis visualization was statistically significantly better in McGrath than in MAC (p<0.001). The ease of intubation was 25 (IQR: 20-32) points for McGrath and 49 (IQR: 34-58) points for MAC (p<0.001). Overall, 96.2% of subjects intubating in difficult airway conditions chose the McGrath videolaryngoscope as their preferred intubation method as compared with MAC. Conclusion: In the simulation study, endotracheal intubation in difficult airway conditions performed by paramedics using McGrath video laryngoscopy was associated with shorter procedure duration, better glottis visualization, and higher efficacy of the first intubation attempt. The study showed that paramedics were able to intubate using the McGrath videolaryngoscope with higher efficiency than in the case of a standard Macintosh laryngoscope after a short training

Safety of parsley intended for processing depending on the cultivation technology and storage

The factors that affect the value of parsley for consumption include its taste, flavour and dietary utility (vitamins C and E, β-carotene, potassium, calcium, phosphorus and iron, raw fibre, proteins) as well as the content of hazardous substances, especially nitrogen compounds. A study was carried out in 2013–2015 to determine the effect of the cultivation technology and storage on the safety of parsley intended for processing. The study material was taken from an experiment where the following fertilisers were applied to the ground: nitrogen (0, 40, 80, 120 kg N∙ha−1) and magnesium (0; 30 kg Mg∙ha−1). Parsley roots were stored for six months in a storage room at +1°C and RH 95%. The content of nitrates (V) and (III) was determined by the ion selective method immediately after the harvest and after storage in parsley roots

Mineral fertilization as a factor determining technological value of grain of Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta L.

In Poland, in recent years, there has been a great interest in growing spelt wheat. This is dictated not only by an increasing demand for food with higher healthy properties and unique taste, but also by a possibility of attracting farmers’ attention to this cereal as an alternative crop, with smaller requirements regarding the use of fertilization, as compared with common wheat. The aim of this study was to carry out the assessment of value of some technological characters of grain and flour of spelt wheat depending on different fertilizations with nitrogen (I factor, n=3, 25 and 50 kg N∙ha−1 + control treatment) and foliar application of microelements (II factor, n=4, Mn, Cu, combined fertilization with Mn and Cu + control treatment). Based on the performed study, it was found that fertilization with nitrogen, microelements and their interaction had, on average for years, a significant effect on the values of technological characters. Introduction of 25 kg N·ha−1 caused an increase in the value of falling number, whereas total protein content, wet gluten content and sedimentation value increased as a result of increasing nitrogen rates up to a level of 50 kg·ha−1. Of the variants of fertilization with microelements, the highest values of the analysed baking indices were found in the effects of combined foliar application of copper and manganese

Comparison of Different Intubation Methods in Difficult Airways during Simulated Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation with Continuous Chest Compression: A Randomized Cross-Over Manikin Trial

Introduction. Airway management is one of key elements of resuscitation. Endotracheal intubation is still considered the gold standard for airway management during resuscitation. Aim. The aim of the study was to compare success rates and intubation time of different endotracheal intubation methods during emergency intubation with difficult airways in the conditions of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a standardized manikin model. Methods. The study was designed as a prospective, randomized, cross-over simulation study. It involved 46 paramedics with at least 5 years of experience in Emergency Medical Service. The participants performed endotracheal intubation under difficult airway conditions during continuous chest compression, implemented with the LUCAS3 chest compression system. Three methods of tracheal intubation were applied: (1) standard Macintosh laryngoscope without a bougie stylet; (2) standard laryngoscope and a standard bougie stylet; (3) standard laryngoscope and a new bougie stylet. Results. The overall intubation success rate was 100% in the standard bougie and new bougie groups and lower (86.9%) when no bougie stylet was used (P=0.028). The intubation success rate with the 1st attempt equalled 91.3% for the new bougie group, 73.9% for standard bougie, and only 23.9% in the no-bougie group. The median intubation time was shortest in the new bougie group, where it amounted to 29 s (interquartile range [IQR]: 25-38); the time equalled 38s (IQR:31-44.5) in the standard bougie group and 47.5s (IQR:36-58) in the no-bougie group. The ease of use was lowest in the no-bougie group (85, IQR:63-88), average in the standard bougie group (44, IQR:30-51), and highest in the new bougie stylet group (32, IQR:19-41). Conclusion. In this manikin-based study, paramedics were able to perform endotracheal intubation with higher efficacy and in a shorter time using the new bougie stylet as compared with the standard bougie stylet