La torre de la arrogancia. Políticas y mercados después de la tormenta Xosé Carlos Arias y Antón Costas

Xosé Carlos Arias y Antón Costas, Madrid: Ariel, 2011, 384 pp

La nueva economía institucional y la economía de los recursos naturales: comunes, instituciones, gobernanza y cambio institucional

In recent decades, the New Institutional Economics has brought about the “return of institutions†to the economic mainstream, and institutional theory and analysis have been developed from Ronald Coase’s notion of transaction costs and Douglass North’s view on institutions. The Nobel Prize award in Economics to Oliver Williamson and Elinor Ostrom in 2009 has pointed out the relevance of the new institutional approach. Natural Resource Economics has included the institutional determinants of the management of natural resources into its research agenda. In this sense, the advances of the New Institutional Economics allows the development of institutional analysis in the field of the Economics of Natural Resources, such as Elinor Ostrom’s work has shown. This paper presents an integral and updated perspective of the foundations of the New Institutional Economics that constitute a set of theoretical inputs for the analysis of institutions and governance in the management of natural resources.Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, B52, Q00, L22,

Innovating higher education teaching in economics: cooperative learning and participative elaboration of contents

[ES] Este artículo aborda una experiencia innovadora en la docencia de Economía Aplicada basada en el trabajo cooperativo del alumnado y en la elaboración participativa de contenidos, llevada a cabo en la docencia de Estructura Económica Internacional y de Economía del Sector Público por el Departamento de Economía Aplicada de la Universidad de Vigo. El sistema docente combina la docencia magistral del profesorado con un conjunto de prácticas y actividades dirigidas en las que se desarrollan las competencias de los alumnos, y que incluyen la realización de trabajo cooperativo. Este trabajo cooperativo realizado en grupos de alumnos se incorpora a los contenidos generales del curso, siendo objeto de evaluación. Esta actividad implica que el alumnado desarrolla un papel activo y protagonista en la configuración del curso y que los alumnos desarrollan sus competencias a través del trabajo cooperativo y de la elaboración participativa de contenidos. Esta forma de elaborar contenidos es la principal innovación educativa de este análisis de caso.[EN] This paper presents an innovating experience in the teaching of Applied Economics based on cooperative learning and the participative elaboration of contents, carried out in the teaching of International Economic Structure and Economics of Public Sector in the Department of Applied Economics at the University of Vigo. The educational system combines skillful teaching with a set of practices and directed activities - including the accomplishment of cooperative learning- in which the competences of the students are developed. The cooperative learning carried out in groups of students is incorporated into the general contents of the course, being evaluated. This activity implies that students develop an active role in the configuration of the course, and students exercise their competences through cooperative learning and the participative elaboration of contents. This form of content elaboration is the main educative innovation of this case-analysis.Caballero Miguez, G.; Garza Gil, MD. (2012). Innovando la docencia superior en Economía: trabajo cooperativo y elaboración participativa de contenidos. REDU. Revista de Docencia Universitaria. 10(2):319-327. https://doi.org/10.4995/redu.2012.6110OJS319327102Bará, J. y J. Domingo (2007). Técnicas de Aprendizaje Cooperativo. Apuntes del curso Técnicas de Aprendizaje Colaborativa. Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Vigo.Becker, W. E. (2000). "Teaching Economics in the 21st Century", Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 14, N. 1, pp. 109-119.Siegfried, J. et al. (1991). "The Status and Prospects of the Economics Major", Journal of Economic Education, 22 (3), pp. 197-224.UNESCO (1998). Declaración mundial sobre la educación superior en el siglo XX: visión y acción. UNESCO.Watts, M. y W. E. Becker (2008). "A little more than Chalk and talk: Results from a Third National Survey of Teaching Methods in Undergraduate Economics Courses", Journal of Economic Education, Vol. 39, N. 3, 273-286

Political economy of Elinor Ostrom: institutional analysis, commons and polycentric governance

Social sciences have experienced the return of institutions into the main research agenda, and a new institutionalism has been developed to understand the role of institutions. The award of the 2009 Nobel Prize in Economics to the political scientist Elinor Ostrom for her “analysis of economic governance, especially the commons” has promoted the recognition of modern institutional analysis and resized contemporary political economy. This paper is an integral approach to Ostrom’s contributions and analyzes the evolution of her thinking throughout the major advances of her work over time. Her early contributions on public policy and polycentric systems, her seminal study on social norms in the governance of the commons, the focus on social capital and her multi-level framework of socio-ecological systems are her main contributions on polycentric governance

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Instituciones e historia económica: enfoques y teorías institucionales

En los últimos años se han publicado algunos trabajos que examinan las relaciones entre la historia económica y la economía de las instituciones y proponen estrechar la relación entre ambas disciplinas. Este artículo muestra que los fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos de los programas institucionalistas enriquecen la investigación en historia económica y contribuyen a darle mayor rigor. Revisa las contribuciones del institucionalismo tradicional, de la Nueva Economía Institucional y del Análisis Institucional Histórico y Comparativo, apoyándose en trabajos recientes de Hodgson, North y Greif. Al final propone un programa de investigación que fortalezca el estudio histórico de las instituciones y alimente el análisis económico. La historia económica debe dejar de ser una disciplina subalterna y entrar a dialogar en pie de igualdad con la economía, como lo quiso Schumpeter

El papel de las instituciones en la geografía humana: un enfoque desde la nueva economía institucional

En este artículo se ofrece una versión regional del teorema de Coasedonde se destaca la importancia de las instituciones. La diversidadinstitucional en el tiempo y en el espacio implica la invalidez de lasconclusiones universales de la economía neoclásica precoaseana, y apuntala relevancia de los fundamentos teóricos del nuevo institucionalismopara la geografía humana y los estudios regionales. Concebir a lasinstituciones como las reglas del juego de una sociedad implica unaaproximación teórica al comportamiento humano que incluye el pa-pel de los modelos mentales subjetivos y de las estructuras de creenciasde los individuos