Espacios de trabajo y socialización ambiental de ONG del Estado de México

En este trabajo se describen las prácticas sustentables de algunas ong del Estado de México, con base en estudios de caso, entrevistas estructuradas e investigación documental, ya que estas organizaciones desarrollan lazos de socialización directa e indirecta, influyendo en el empoderamiento ciudadano y en la gestión de políticas públicas sustentables. Sus líneas de acción abarcan la conservación del medio ambiente y la educación ambiental, y sus espacios de socialización ambiental comprenden diversas áreas. Asimismo, conforman redes ambientales, estableciendo vínculos horizontales entre ellas y se relacionan con organismos gubernamentales y educativos, empresas y la ciudadanía, principalmente a nivel local.En este trabajo se describen las prácticas sustentables de algunas ong del Estado de México, con base en estudios de caso, entrevistas estructuradas e investigación documental, ya que estas organizaciones desarrollan lazos de socialización directa e indirecta, influyendo en el empoderamiento ciudadano y en la gestión de políticas públicas sustentables. Sus líneas de acción abarcan la conservación del medio ambiente y la educación ambiental, y sus espacios de socialización ambiental comprenden diversas áreas. Asimismo, conforman redes ambientales, estableciendo vínculos horizontales entre ellas y se relacionan con organismos gubernamentales y educativos, empresas y la ciudadanía, principalmente a nivel local

OPERATIONAL RESEARCH OF WEAR OF RAILWAY BUFFERS HEADS COVERED WITH ALUMINUM BRONZE

In recent years in Europe and in Poland is discernible trend to significant increase safety in rail transport. Safety improvement is realizing at many levels and in many aspects (organizational, systematic, technical etc.). Implementation of Safety and Maintenance Management Systems is an example of activities seeking to systematic increasing safety in rail in Europe. Similarly, on the part of technical solution there are discernible activities which are aimed to improve safety level. There are proposing new construction solutions, new control systems or new communication technologies which are designed to increase reliability and safety of this mode of transport. For innovations introduced in vehicles it is used to think about improvement safety almost only in the field of implementing enhancements in construction of running gear systems of vehicle. However, it is worth remembering that not only the bogie, wheelset or wheels are responsible for the proper cooperation of the vehicle with the track and its safe leading. Elements that have not been yet subjected to deeper analyzes are railway buffers whose proper maintenance and cooperation is a guarantee of correct vehicle dynamics, especially when passing through rail curves. This article presents the results of operational research of railway buffers whose heads were covered with an aluminum bronze layer. This solution has helped to increase the durability of their co-operating surfaces and has allowed the resignation of the now-proposed solution, which consists in periodically covering buffers heads with the grease which has a lot of defects

Desnutrición infantil: un problema de salud pública en Pichincha -Ecuador

In the present investigation, the interest has been to carry out an analysis of a health problem that affects worldwide, which is child malnutrition, which in Ecuador affects 1 in 4 children under 2 years of age, the main affected being children living in rural areas thus affecting their physical condition and cognitive development. The objective of this study was: was to interpret child malnutrition as a public health problem in Ecuador. The method used was the bibliographic review, for which several investigations by various authors interested in the subject were investigated, obtaining a total of 22 bibliographic references. The results show the magnitude of the problem in question. Statistical data about child malnutrition worldwide and regionally are disclosed, the causes of child malnutrition and the factors that affect nutritional status in childhood. It is shown because child malnutrition is a public health problem in Ecuador.En la presente investigación se ha tenido el interés de realizar un análisis de una problemática de salud que afecta a nivel mundial que es la desnutrición infantil, la cual en el Ecuador afecta a 1 de cada 4 niños menores de 2 años siendo los principales afectados los niños que viven en áreas rurales afectando así su condición física y desarrollo cognitivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue interpretar la desnutrición infantil como un problema de salud pública en Ecuador. El método utilizado fue la revisión bibliográfica para lo cual se investigó varias publicaciones de diversos autores interesados en el tema obteniendo un total de 22 referencias bibliográficas. En los resultados se muestra la magnitud de la problemática en cuestión. Se dan a conocer los datos estadísticos acerca de la desnutrición infantil a nivel mundial y a nivel regional, se manifestó cuáles son las causas de la desnutrición infantil y los factores que afectan el estado nutricional en la niñez. se muestra porque la desnutrición infantil es un problema de salud pública en el Ecuador

Revisión de enfermedades respiratorias crónicas, contexto de Ecuador

Chronic lung diseases are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the world population, at the level of countries in Latin America, it gains greater importance, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The most frequent chronic pulmonary pathologies are: Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), respiratory allergies. COPD is a pathology that demands an enormous amount of resources and infrastructure, for which the Public Health System must be prepared and comprehensively address Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease together with the other most frequent chronic pulmonary pathologies. In Ecuador, there are data obtained from studies carried out at the University Hospital of Guayaquil, where it is evident that the largest number of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease were women. In the same way, Chronic respiratory diseases of occupational origin stand out, where it is evident that the majority of patients are male. There are studies that have analyzed the risk factors for chronic lung diseases in various provinces of Ecuador such as Loja and Guayaquil, it is necessary to continue with the characterization of these diseases, since many of the data analyzed are similar to those of neighboring countries. Study objective Analyze the context of chronic lung diseases in Ecuador. Material and Methods: The deductive analytical methodological approach used for this research is focused on the documentary research strategy which provided the review in bibliographic sources in scientific articles on the web. Conclusion: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is becoming increasingly important, which requires focusing the efforts of the public health system to comprehensively address and treat the growing number of patients with chronic respiratory pathologies.Las patologías pulmonares crónicas son una causa importante de morbimortalidad en la población mundial, a nivel de países en Latinoamérica, cobra importancia mayor, sobre todo en países de bajo y medianos ingresos. Las patologías pulmonares crónicas mas frecuentes son: Asma, Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica (EPOC), alergias de tipo respiratorio. El EPOC es una patología que demanda un enorme cantidad de recursos e infraestructura, para lo cual el Sistema de Salud Pública debe prepararse y abordar de manera integral la Enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica junto las demás patologías pulmonares crónicas mas frecuentes. En Ecuador se cuenta con datos obtenidos de estudios realizados en el Hospital Universitario de Guayaquil, en donde se evidencia que la mayor cantidad de pacientes con Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica fueron mujeres. De igual manera se destaca las enfermedades respiratorios Crónicas de origen laboral, en donde se evidencia que la mayor parte de pacientes son varones. Se cuenta con estudios que han analizado la factores de riesgos para patologías pulmonares crónicas en varias provincias de Ecuador como Loja y Guayaquil, se requiere continuar con la caracterización de estas enfermedades, ya que muchos de los datos analizados son similares a los países vecinos. Objetivo de estudio Analizar el contexto de las patologías pulmonares crónicas en Ecuador. Material y Métodos: El enfoque metodológico analítico deductivo utilizado para el desarrollo de esta investigación está enfocado en la estrategia investigación documental la cual permitió la revisión en fuentes bibliográficas en artículos científicos en la web. Conclusión: la Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica adquiere cada vez más importancia, lo cual requiere enfocar los esfuerzos del sistema de salud publica abordar y tratar de manera integral a la creciendo cantidad de pacientes con patologías respiratorias crónicas. (Bonilla Sierra , Vargas Matínez , Dávalos Batallas , Leon Larios , & Lomas Campos , 2020

Breast cancer patient’s outcomes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery at 5 and 10 years for stage II–III disease

Introduction: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer offers the possibility to facilitate breast and axillary surgery; it is a test of chemosensibility in vivo with significant prognostic value and may be used to tailor adjuvant treatment according to the response. Material and Methods: A retrospective single-institution cohort of 482 stage II and III breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy based on anthracycline and taxans, plus antiHEr2 in Her2-positive cases, was studied. Survival was calculated at 5 and 10 years. Kaplan-Meier curves with a log-rank test were calculated for differences according to age, BRCA status, menopausal status, TNM, pathological and molecular surrogate subtype, 20% TIL cut-off, surgical procedure, response to chemotherapy and the presence of vascular invasion. Results: The pCR rate was 25.3% and was greater in HER2 (51.3%) and TNBC (31.7%) and in BRCA carriers (41.9%). The factors independently related to patient survival were pathology and molecular surrogate subtype, type of surgery, response to NACT and vascular invasion. BRCA status was a protective prognostic factor without reaching statistical significance, with an HR 0.5 (95%CI 0.1-1.4). Mastectomy presented a double risk of distant recurrence compared to breast-conservative surgery (BCS), supporting BCS as a safe option after NACT. After a mean follow-up of 126 (SD 43) months, luminal tumors presented a substantial difference in survival rates calculated at 5 or 10 years (81.2% compared to 74.7%), whereas that for TNBC was 75.3 and 73.5, respectively. The greatest difference was seen according to the response in patients with pCR, who exhibited a 10 years DDFS of 95.5% vs. 72.4% for those patients without pCR, p < 0001. This difference was especially meaningful in TNBC: the 10 years DDFS according to an RCB of 0 to 3 was 100%, 80.6%, 69% and 49.2%, respectively, p < 0001. Patients with a particularly poor prognosis were those with lobular carcinomas, with a 10 years DDFS of 42.9% vs. 79.7% for ductal carcinomas, p = 0.001, and patients with vascular invasion at the surgical specimen, with a 10 years DDFS of 59.2% vs. 83.6% for those patients without vascular invasion, p < 0.001. Remarkably, BRCA carriers presented a longer survival, with an estimated 10 years DDFS of 89.6% vs. 77.2% for non-carriers, p = 0.054. Conclusions: Long-term outcomes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy can help patients and clinicians make well-informed decisions

Compartiendo saberes de educación y humanidades

Los capítulos referentes a este libro tratan diversos temas tales como: 1) la construcción de los estudiantes de la licenciatura en químico farmacéutico biólogo el juicio valorativo y personaI deI significado en su desarroIIo profesionaI desde eI punto de vista axiológico, 2) se realiza un estudio en el Plantel Cuauhtémoc con Ia finaIidad de orientar a Ia comunidad estudiantiI aI tratamiento deI probIema de los residuos sólidos desde su etapa de diagnóstico hasta una propuesta de solución de la problemática, 3) se analiza como a nivel básico se construye el conocimiento y la participación del género en los estudiantes, en donde se observa que el papel del docente es un promotor importante, 4) es un tema que actualmente está causando mucho interés tanto en la educación como el la población en general, las redes sociales que actuaImente ese consideran un medio de comunicación con mucha influencia dentro de la sociedad, 5) se adentra al campo de la psicología y la tanatología ante los recursos resilientes que presentan las familias ante la muerte de un hijo, 6) es una investigación dedicada a identificar Ias diferentes percepciones que tienen las mujeres y los hombres en relación a la felicidad y la desdicha dentro del matrimonio, 7) es un análisis Transgeneracional para aportar las referencias familiares que permiten la permanencia del abuso sexual infantil en tres generaciones, de las cuales en la última generación se rompe ese secreto avallazador al romper el silencio, 8) es un ensayo acerca del juego terapéutico desde el punto de vista psicoanalítico, en el que se advierte ese juego en el que entra el paciente con el psicoanalista, 9) la metodología de la observación para la integración de la pericial en psicología, en donde se denotan desde la parte jurídica como se fundamente esta pericial y fortalece el logro del dictamen para tener un buen dictamen, 10) es una propuesta de construcción y validez del instrumento BP-22 Bienestar Psicológico en el ámbito de la educación superior, 11) se identifica a Ios procesos eIectoraIes como complicados, de tal manera que abre un panorama al marketing de los partidos políticos para conducir la voluntad ciudadana, y además ayuda al posicionamiento de los partidos, 12) aporta una base sobre Ios procesos identificatorios en eI movimiento estudiantiI de Ia UNAM deI año de I999, pIanteándoIo desde dos ejes de análisis: las identidades universitarias y el apartado del texto, que permiten configurar eI movimiento estudiantiI como un acontecimiento capaz de generar articulaciones nuevas de solidaridad. AI finaI deI Iibro se encuentran Ias síntesis curricuIares de cada uno de los autores, que aportaron sus investigaciones para la integración y generación de nuevos aportes científicos.Como su nombre lo indica COMPARTIENDO SABERES DE EDUCACIÓN Y HUMANIDADES, es un Iibro que denota eI deseo de integrar conocimiento para la comunidad estudiantil, llevarlos al interés de la investigación a través de la participación de los investigadores de diferentes áreas como: la educación, las ciencias sociales y las humanidades. Que les permite tener no solo un espacio en la difusión de los avances de sus estudios, sino que además permite el generar el interés de quién lo lee en diferentes formas de investigación, se encuentran estudios tanto cualitativos como cuantitativos, desde descriptivos hasta un nivel de intervención en la práctica de estas áreas.Universidad Autónoma del Estado de méxic

Working group on cephalopod fisheries and life history (Wgceph; outputs from 2022 meeting)

Rapports Scientifiques du CIEM. Volume 5, nº 1WGCEPH worked on six Terms of Reference. These involved reporting on the status of stocks; reviewing advances in stock identification, assessment for fisheries management and for the Ma- rine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), including some exploratory stock assessments; re- viewing impacts of human activities on cephalopods; developing identification guides and rec- ommendations for fishery data collection; describing the value chain and evaluating market driv- ers; and reviewing advances in research on environmental tolerance of cephalopods. ToR A is supported by an annual data call for fishery and survey data. During 2019–2021, com- pared to 1990–2020, cuttlefish remained the most important cephalopod group in terms of weight landed along the European North Atlantic coast, while loliginid squid overtook octopus as the second most important group. Short-finned squid remained the least important group in land- ings although their relative importance was almost double in 2019–2022 compared to 1992–2020. Total cephalopod landings have been fairly stable since 1992. Cuttlefish landings are towards the low end of the recent range, part of a general downward trend since 2004. Loliginid squid landings in 2019 were close to the maximum seen during the last 20 years but totals for 2020 and 2021 were lower. Annual ommastrephid squid landings are more variable than those of the other two groups and close to the maximum seen during 1992– 2021. Octopod landings have generally declined since 2002 but the amount landed in 2021 was higher than in the previous four years. Under ToR B we illustrate that the combination of genetic analysis and statolith shape analysis is a promising method to provide some stock structure information for L. forbsii. With the sum- mary of cephalopod assessments, we could illustrate that many cephalopod species could al- ready be included into the MSFD. We further provide material from two reviews in preparation, covering stock assessment methods and challenges faced for cephalopod fisheries management. Finally, we summarise trends in abundance indices, noting evidence of recent declines in cuttle- fish and some octopuses of the genus Eledone. Under ToR C, we describe progress on the reviews of (i) anthropogenic impacts on cephalopods and (ii) life history and ecology. In relation to life history, new information on Eledone cirrhosa from Portugal is included. Under ToR D we provide an update on identification guides, discuss best practice in fishery data collection in relation to maturity determination and sampling intensity for fishery monitoring. Among others, we recommend i) to include the sampling of cephalopods in any fishery that (a) targets cephalopods, (b) targets both cephalopods and demersal fishes or (c) takes cephalopods as an important bycatch, ii) Size-distribution sampling, iii) the use of standardized sampling pro- tocols, iv) an increased sampling effort in cephalopod. Work under ToR E on value chains and market drivers, in conjunction with the Cephs & Chefs INTERREG project, has resulted in two papers being submitted. Abstracts of these are in the report. Finally, progress under ToR F on environmental tolerance limits of cephalopods and climate en- velope models is discussed, noting the need to continue this work during the next cycle.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Estudios de Caso sobre Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales en el siglo XXI.

Libro científico sobre estudios de casos en el medio agropecuario y ruralCon el advenimiento del siglo XXI y el avance de los procesos de globalización, el medio rural presenta diversos cambios económicos, sociales, políticos y culturales. Lo anterior significa que el campo es un objeto de estudio altamente dinámico, complejo e inasible. las ciencias agropecuarias y rurales, en la actualidad, requieren de un abordaje sistémico e interdisciplinario que den cuenta de la heterogeneidad de situaciones y contextos que enfrenta el campo mexicano. La presente obra agrupa 18 estudios de caso, que capturan algunas fotografías de las diversas problemáticas de la ruralidad mexicana, con lo cual se pretende dar cuenta tanto de los objetivos de estudio como de la perspectiva teórico metodológico desde que estos son abordados. lo anterior tiene que ver con el hecho de que las ciencias agropecuarias y rurales manifiestan un alto grado de observación empírica, motivo por el que los estudios de caso se convierten en la perspectiva metodológica idónea que permite ir y venir de la realidad a la teoría y viceversa para la construcción de objetos de estudio. En este volumen se aborda una gran diversidad de casos, que sintetizan la heterogeneidad de enfoques y perspectivas mediante las cuales los fenómenos agropecuarios y rurales han sido abordados en el Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, en los últimos 30 años

No detection of methane on Mars from early ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter observations

The detection of methane on Mars has been interpreted as indicating that geochemical or biotic activities could persist on Mars today. A number of different measurements of methane show evidence of transient, locally elevated methane concentrations and seasonal variations in background methane concentrations. These measurements, however, are difficult to reconcile with our current understanding of the chemistry and physics of the Martian atmosphere, which-given methane's lifetime of several centuries-predicts an even, well mixed distribution of methane. Here we report highly sensitive measurements of the atmosphere of Mars in an attempt to detect methane, using the ACS and NOMAD instruments onboard the ESA-Roscosmos ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter from April to August 2018. We did not detect any methane over a range of latitudes in both hemispheres, obtaining an upper limit for methane of about 0.05 parts per billion by volume, which is 10 to 100 times lower than previously reported positive detections. We suggest that reconciliation between the present findings and the background methane concentrations found in the Gale crater would require an unknown process that can rapidly remove or sequester methane from the lower atmosphere before it spreads globally

Martian dust storm impact on atmospheric H₂O and D/H observed by ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter

Global dust storms on Mars are rare but can affect the Martian atmosphere for several months. They can cause changes in atmospheric dynamics and inflation of the atmosphere, primarily owing to solar heating of the dust. In turn, changes in atmospheric dynamics can affect the distribution of atmospheric water vapour, with potential implications for the atmospheric photochemistry and climate on Mars. Recent observations of the water vapour abundance in the Martian atmosphere during dust storm conditions revealed a high-altitude increase in atmospheric water vapour that was more pronounced at high northern latitudes, as well as a decrease in the water column at low latitudes. Here we present concurrent, high-resolution measurements of dust, water and semiheavy water (HDO) at the onset of a global dust storm, obtained by the NOMAD and ACS instruments onboard the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter. We report the vertical distribution of the HDO/H O ratio (D/H) from the planetary boundary layer up to an altitude of 80 kilometres. Our findings suggest that before the onset of the dust storm, HDO abundances were reduced to levels below detectability at altitudes above 40 kilometres. This decrease in HDO coincided with the presence of water-ice clouds. During the storm, an increase in the abundance of H2O and HDO was observed at altitudes between 40 and 80 kilometres. We propose that these increased abundances may be the result of warmer temperatures during the dust storm causing stronger atmospheric circulation and preventing ice cloud formation, which may confine water vapour to lower altitudes through gravitational fall and subsequent sublimation of ice crystals. The observed changes in H2O and HDO abundance occurred within a few days during the development of the dust storm, suggesting a fast impact of dust storms on the Martian atmosphere