Los bienes baldíos y la incertidumbre jurídica

El acceso a la propiedad en Colombia es uno de los grandes problemas estructurales del Estado desde el mismo día en que inició su vida republicana. La gran extensión del territorio colombiano, sumado a la ineficacia del Estado en proteger los intereses de los colonos buscando predios para su sustento y progreso económico, generó consigo que muchos predios baldíos ocupados por particulares no cuenten con un respectivo título de propiedad. Por su parte, la misma debilidad estructural del Estado permitió que grandes grupos de terratenientes se apropiaran de grandes extensiones de territorio, valiéndose de su poder económico, ocasionando una gran inequidad en el acceso al derecho de propiedad, especialmente en lo referente a los predios rurales. Dado este problema estructural en el acceso a la tierra, diversas administraciones han buscado una solución que por un lado genere una sociedad de propietarios, es decir, que se adjudiquen los títulos de propiedad sobre bienes que han sido ocupados; y, por otra parte, hacer que el acceso a la propiedad se haga de manera equitativa, previniendo consigo la acumulación de grandes extensiones de tierra en mano de unos pocos, democratizando el acceso a la misma. No obstante, pese al impulso legislativo, como lo fueron la Ley 200 de 1936 o la Ley 135 de 1961, los resultados no fueron los esperados. Ello sumado al conflicto interno del país que obligó a muchos campesinos a ser despojados de sus tierras por grupos al margen de la ley.Universidad Libre - Facultad de Derecho - Especialización en Derecho Administrativo.Access to property in Colombia is one of the great structural problems of the State since the very day it began its republican life. The great extension of the Colombian territory, added to the inefficiency of the State in protecting the interests of the settlers looking for land for their sustenance and economic progress, generated with it that many vacant lots occupied by individuals do not have a respective property title. For its part, the same structural weakness of the State allowed large groups of landowners to appropriate large extensions of territory, using their economic power, causing great inequity in access to property rights, especially in relation to rural properties. Given this structural problem in access to land, various administrations have sought a solution that, on the one hand, generates a society of owners, that is, that property titles are awarded over assets that have been occupied; and, on the other hand, make access to property equitable, thus preventing the accumulation of large extensions of land in the hands of a few, democratizing access to it. However, despite the legislative impulse, such as Law 200 of 1936 or Law 135 of 1961, the results were not as expected. This added to the internal conflict in the country that forced many peasants to be dispossessed of their land by groups outside the law

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortiu (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module

We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care–associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396 days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central line–associated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U.S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN