Title Analysis of financial innovation as an income generating process in the saving and credit cooperatives of segment 1 of Chimborazo province.

Introducción: La innovación financiera al ser considerada una herramienta que permite ofrecer servicios y productos financieros más rápidos y a menor costo, se vincula directamente con la generación de ingresos para las entidades del sector financiero. Objetivo: Analizar la incidencia de la innovación financiera en la generación de ingresos en las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito segmento 1 de la provincia de Chimborazo, considerando variables como cajeros automáticos, captaciones, colocaciones, número de operaciones financieras y los ingresos generados en el período 2018 – 2020. Metodología: El enfoque de la investigación fue cuantitativo, el método deductivo inductivo permitió analizar los datos obtenidos de las variables, se aplicó un modelo de regresión lineal a través del software STATA 16.1. Resultados: La innovación financiera denominada cajeros automáticos evidencia un incremento del 36% de los ingresos de las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito del segmento 1. Conclusión: Según los resultados obtenidos se concluye que existe una incidencia positiva de la innovación financiera en la generación de ingresos de las entidades financieras analizadas. Introduction: Financial innovation, being considered a tool that allows offering faster and lower-cost financial products and services, is directly linked to the generation of income for entities in the financial sector. Objective: Analyze the incidence of financial innovation in the generation of income in the savings and credit cooperatives segment 1 of the Chimborazo province, considering variables such as ATMs, deposits, placements, number of financial operations and the income generated in the period 2018 - 2020. Methodology: The research approach was quantitative, the inductive deductive method allowed to analyze the data obtained from the variables, a linear regression model was applied through the STATA 16.1 software. Results: The financial innovation known as ATMs shows a 36% increase in the income of the savings and credit cooperatives in segment 1. Conclusion: According to the results obtained, it is concluded that there is a positive impact of financial innovation in the generation of income of the financial entities analyzed

Labor conflicts in commercial and industrial companies in Ecuador

Con el objeto de tener una visión amplia sobre los conflictos laborales, fue necesario realizar investigaciones en dos empresas que demostraban tener problemas en su funcionamiento, investigación realizada en la planta de producción de muebles de madera “El Laurel” y la comercializadora de alimentos “La Basta”, las mismas que contaban con más de cincuenta empleados entre oficinistas, personal de servicio, operadores y obreros, las cuales se encuentran  ubicadas en la ciudad de Riobamba, provincia de Chimborazo, república del Ecuador. Para obtener todo tipo de información en las relaciones laborales, se preparó un cronograma de trabajo y un cuestionario a fin de separar los tipos de conflictos que se los denominó “Conflictos entre los Empleadores”,  “Conflictos entre los Empleadores y Trabajadores” y “Conflictos entre los Trabajadores”, como así los selecciona José Dávalos en su libro. De toda la información recopilada, fue necesario estructurar el Árbol de Problemas,  un instrumento utilizado en Planificación estratégica y de éste se pudo elaborar el Árbol de Objetivos, con lo cual se visualizó con claridad y en detalle los conflictos existentes en las dos empresas de nuestra investigación, cuyo resultado nos dio que existían una serie de infracciones de carácter legal, violando la Ley de Compañías y los Códigos de Trabajo, Civil y Penal, ante lo cual se procedió a la prestación de asesoramiento de carácter Legal y Administrativo, y de esta manera, se logró legalizar las empresas, establecer normas y fundamentalmente socializar ciertos mandatos para corregir el comportamiento de todos los miembros de las empresas con  la finalidad de buscar su armonía y consecuentemente la estabilidad , desarrollo organizacional y un ambiente de control adecuado  In order to have a broad vision on labor disputes, it was necessary to conduct research in two companies that demonstrated problems in its operation, research carried out at the production plant of wooden furniture "El Laurel" and the food marketer "La Enough ”, the same ones that had more than fifty employees among office workers, service personnel, operators and workers, which are located in the city of Riobamba, province of Chimborazo, Republic of Ecuador. To obtain all kinds of information in labor relations, a work schedule and a questionnaire were prepared to separate the types of conflicts that were called “Conflicts between Employers”, “Conflicts between Employers and Workers” and “Conflicts among the Workers ”, as José Dávalos selects them in his book. From all the information collected, it was necessary to structure the Problem Tree, an instrument used in Strategic Planning and from this the Objective Tree could be prepared, which clearly and in detail visualized the conflicts existing in the two companies of our investigation, whose result gave us that there were a series of legal infractions, violating the Companies Law and the Labor, Civil and Criminal Codes, before which legal and administrative advice was provided, and of this In this way, it was possible to legalize the companies, establish norms and fundamentally socialize certain mandates to correct the behavior of all the members of the companies in order to seek their harmony and consequently the stability and organizational development

Sex differences in vanadium inhalation effects in non-ciliated bronchiolar cells

The non-ciliated bronchiolar cell (NCBC) is responsible for the defense of the lung and responds to negative stimuli such as exposure to toxic pro-oxidant substances, which triggers the hyperproduction and hypersecretion of mucins and CC16 protein. The literature demonstrates that physiological and pathological responses in the lung can be influenced by the organism’s sex. The objective of this report was to evaluate response differences to vanadium inhalation in male and female CD-1 mice. Mice were exposed to vanadium for four weeks. Hyperplasia of bronchiolar epithelium, small inflammatory foci and sloughing of the NCBC were observed, without changes between sexes and throughout the exposure time. Mucosecretory metaplasia was found in both males and females, however it was more drastic in males. The expression of CC16 increased in both sexes. This study demonstrated a different susceptibility between male and female mice exposed to vanadium inhalation regarding mucosecretory metaplasia

Spin-state-dependent electrical conductivity in single-walled carbon nanotubes encapsulating spin-crossover molecules

Spin crossover (SCO) molecules are promising nanoscale magnetic switches due to their ability to modify their spin state under several stimuli. However, SCO systems face several bottlenecks when downscaling into nanoscale spintronic devices: their instability at the nanoscale, their insulating character and the lack of control when positioning nanocrystals in nanodevices. Here we show the encapsulation of robust Fe-based SCO molecules within the 1D cavities of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). We find that the SCO mechanism endures encapsulation and positioning of individual heterostructures in nanoscale transistors. The SCO switch in the guest molecules triggers a large conductance bistability through the host SWCNT. Moreover, the SCO transition shifts to higher temperatures and displays hysteresis cycles, and thus memory effect, not present in crystalline samples. Our results demonstrate how encapsulation in SWCNTs provides the backbone for the readout and positioning of SCO molecules into nanodevices, and can also help to tune their magnetic properties at the nanoscale.Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions 74657Programa de Atracción del Talento Investigador 2017-T1/IND-5562Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad CTQ2017-86060-P, PID2019-111479GB-100, MAT 2017-8225, GC2018-101689-B-I00Consejo Europeo de Investigación ERC-StG-307609, ERC-PoC-842606Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid MAD2D-CM S2013/ MIT-3007, PEJD-2017-PRE/IND-4037, Y2018/NMT- 4783NANOMAGCOST P2018/ NMT-432

Incidence and management of inguinodynia after inguinal plasty

Background: Hernia is defined as a defect of fascial and muscle-aponeurotic structures, allowing the protrusion of elements. The most frequent is inguinal region, prevailing in men 3:1 vs female. The most frequent complications are persistent chronic pain.Methods: A descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study was performed in postoperative inguinal plasty patients, using a laparoscopic approach and open approach, the presence or absence of inguinodynia was studied using the visual analogue pain scale (VAS) and the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament, in addition to a systematic investigation in the following PubMed, Medline, Clinical Key and Index Medicus databases, with articles from July 2019 to April 2020.Results: Inguinodynia was present in laparoscopic surgery and open approach, 58 patients had inguinodynia at two weeks associated with the inflammatory response of the tissues and the presence of a foreign body (mesh), 77% of the patients with persistence of pain at 3 months reported mild pain (VAS 1-4), 21% moderate pain that did not limit their daily activities (VAS 5-8) and 2% of the patients reported severe pain which limited physical activity and effort   (VAS 9-10).Conclusions: Inguinodynia has an impact on hospital costs and quality life, we consider it is essential to domain the anatomical variants of the region. We propose an extensive follow-up of this group of patients, to make a comparison of diagnostic methods, as well as conservative management vs. modern techniques for pain control

The current role of echocardiography in acute aortic syndrome

Acute aortic syndrome (AAS) comprises a range of interrelated conditions caused by disruption of the medial layer of the aortic wall, including aortic dissection, intramural haematoma and penetrating aortic ulcer. Since mortality from AAS is high, a prompt and accurate diagnosis using imaging techniques is paramount. Both transthoracic (TTE) and transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) are useful in the diagnosis of AAS. TTE should be the first imaging technique to evaluate patients with thoracic pain in the emergency room. Should AAS be suspected, contrast administration is recommended when images are not definitive. TEE allows high-quality images in thoracic aorta. The main drawback of this technique is that it is semi-invasive and the presence of a blind area that limits visualisation of the distal ascending aorta near. TEE identifies the location and size of the entry tear, secondary communications, true lumen compression and the dynamic flow pattern of false lumen. Although computed tomography (CT) is the most used imaging technique in the diagnosis of AAS, echocardiography offers complementary information relevant for its management. The best imaging strategy for appropriately diagnosing and assessing AAS is to combine CT, mainly ECG-gated contrast-enhanced CT, and TTE. Currently, TEE tends to be carried out in the operating theatre immediately before surgical or endovascular therapy and in monitoring their results. The aims of this review are to establish the current role of echocardiography in the diagnosis and management of AAS based on its advantages and limitations

Oxidative Stress and Vanadium

Air pollution is a worldwide health problem, and metals are one of the various air pollutants to which living creatures are exposed. The pollution by metals such as: lead, cadmium, manganese, and vanadium have a common mechanism of action: the production of oxidative stress in the cell. Oxidative stress favors the production of free radicals, which damage biomolecules such as: DNA, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates; these free radicals produce changes that are observed in different organs and systems. Vanadium is a transition element delivered into the atmosphere by the combustion of fossil fuels as oxides and adhered to the PM enters into the respiratory system, then crosses the alveolar wall and enters into the systemic circulation. In this chapter, we will review the oxidative stress induced by vanadium—as a common mechanism of metal pollutants—; in addition, we will review the protective effect of the antioxidants (carnosine and ascorbate)