Técnica de control basadas en el dominio físico para sistemas LTI Mimo. : aplicación a la máquina síncrona

Tesis (Doctor en Ingeniería Eléctrica) U.A.N.L.UANLhttp://www.uanl.mx

Food preferences of <i>Araneus uniformis</i> (Araneae: Araneidae) and <i>Jessica erythrostoma</i> (Araneae: Anyphaenidae) in laboratory conditions

Las arañas Araneus uniformis (Araneidae) y Jessica erythrostoma (Anyphaenidae) son dos de las especies más abundantes en el follaje de cultivos de Citrus sinensis. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la función de dichas arañas en el control biológico de los insectos plagas más frecuentes en estos cultivos; a ese fin, se analizaron las preferencias alimentarias de A. Uniformis y J. Erythrostoma en condiciones de laboratorio. Se utilizaron como presa los insectos más numerosos recolectados en la plantación de C. Sinensis, de los órdenes Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera y Orthoptera. Se utilizó una jaula mediana, cubierta por una malla fina de plástico, que albergaba un refugio consistente en una planta joven de naranjo. Para el análisis de los resultados se utilizó el índice de preferencia α de Manly, propuesto para una población variable de presas. Según el índice de Manly, A. Uniformis tiene una preferencia alimentaria por Cicadellidae (Hemiptera), con un valor α=48,7%, seguidos por Tephritidae (Diptera) y Apidae (Hymenoptera), con α=29% y α=15%, respectivamente. Orthoptera (α=4,7%) y Coleoptera (α=2,7%) fueron poco seleccionados. Jessica erythrostoma demostró una preferencia alimentaria por Diptera (Tephritidae), cuyo promedio alcanzo un 48,7%, seguidos de Hemiptera (Cicadellidae) (α=26,7%) y Coleoptera (α=18,7%). Los Orthoptera (Acrididae) fueron poco elegidos (α=6%), mientras que ningún Hymenoptera (Apidae) fue seleccionado.The spiders Araneus uniformis (Araneidae) and Jessica erythrostoma (Anyphaenidae) are two of the most abundant species in the foliage of Citrus sinensis fields. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the functions of those spiders in the biological control of the most frequent insect pests of those fields; to that end, the alimentary preferences of A. uniformis and J. erythrostoma were analyzed in laboratory conditions. The most common insects in the C. sinensis field were collected to be used as prey, belonging to the orders Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Orthoptera. A medium-sized cage, covered by a thin plastic mesh, with a young orange plant inside for shelter. To analyze the results, the Manly’s α preference index was used, proposed for a variable prey population. According to Manly’s index, A. uniformis has an alimentary preference for Cicadellidae (Hemiptera), with α=48.7%, followed by Tephritidae (Diptera) and Apidae (Hymenoptera) with α=29% and α =15% respectably. Orthoptera (α=4.7%) and Coleoptera (α=2.7%) were less commonly selected. Diptera, whose average was α=48.7%, followed by Hemiptera (Cicadellidae) (α=26.7%) and by Coleoptera (α=18.7%), were the orders most commonly selected by Jessica erythrostoma. Orthoptera (Acrididae) were rarely chosen, with α=6%, and no Hymenoptera (Apidae) were selected at all. Key words: Araneae, Araneidae, food preferences, laboratory conditions, Citrus, spiders in crops, natural regulators.Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectore

Food preferences of <i>Araneus uniformis</i> (Araneae: Araneidae) and <i>Jessica erythrostoma</i> (Araneae: Anyphaenidae) in laboratory conditions

Las arañas Araneus uniformis (Araneidae) y Jessica erythrostoma (Anyphaenidae) son dos de las especies más abundantes en el follaje de cultivos de Citrus sinensis. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la función de dichas arañas en el control biológico de los insectos plagas más frecuentes en estos cultivos; a ese fin, se analizaron las preferencias alimentarias de A. Uniformis y J. Erythrostoma en condiciones de laboratorio. Se utilizaron como presa los insectos más numerosos recolectados en la plantación de C. Sinensis, de los órdenes Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera y Orthoptera. Se utilizó una jaula mediana, cubierta por una malla fina de plástico, que albergaba un refugio consistente en una planta joven de naranjo. Para el análisis de los resultados se utilizó el índice de preferencia α de Manly, propuesto para una población variable de presas. Según el índice de Manly, A. Uniformis tiene una preferencia alimentaria por Cicadellidae (Hemiptera), con un valor α=48,7%, seguidos por Tephritidae (Diptera) y Apidae (Hymenoptera), con α=29% y α=15%, respectivamente. Orthoptera (α=4,7%) y Coleoptera (α=2,7%) fueron poco seleccionados. Jessica erythrostoma demostró una preferencia alimentaria por Diptera (Tephritidae), cuyo promedio alcanzo un 48,7%, seguidos de Hemiptera (Cicadellidae) (α=26,7%) y Coleoptera (α=18,7%). Los Orthoptera (Acrididae) fueron poco elegidos (α=6%), mientras que ningún Hymenoptera (Apidae) fue seleccionado.The spiders Araneus uniformis (Araneidae) and Jessica erythrostoma (Anyphaenidae) are two of the most abundant species in the foliage of Citrus sinensis fields. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the functions of those spiders in the biological control of the most frequent insect pests of those fields; to that end, the alimentary preferences of A. uniformis and J. erythrostoma were analyzed in laboratory conditions. The most common insects in the C. sinensis field were collected to be used as prey, belonging to the orders Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Orthoptera. A medium-sized cage, covered by a thin plastic mesh, with a young orange plant inside for shelter. To analyze the results, the Manly’s α preference index was used, proposed for a variable prey population. According to Manly’s index, A. uniformis has an alimentary preference for Cicadellidae (Hemiptera), with α=48.7%, followed by Tephritidae (Diptera) and Apidae (Hymenoptera) with α=29% and α =15% respectably. Orthoptera (α=4.7%) and Coleoptera (α=2.7%) were less commonly selected. Diptera, whose average was α=48.7%, followed by Hemiptera (Cicadellidae) (α=26.7%) and by Coleoptera (α=18.7%), were the orders most commonly selected by Jessica erythrostoma. Orthoptera (Acrididae) were rarely chosen, with α=6%, and no Hymenoptera (Apidae) were selected at all. Key words: Araneae, Araneidae, food preferences, laboratory conditions, Citrus, spiders in crops, natural regulators.Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectore

Food preferences of <i>Araneus uniformis</i> (Araneae: Araneidae) and <i>Jessica erythrostoma</i> (Araneae: Anyphaenidae) in laboratory conditions

Las arañas Araneus uniformis (Araneidae) y Jessica erythrostoma (Anyphaenidae) son dos de las especies más abundantes en el follaje de cultivos de Citrus sinensis. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la función de dichas arañas en el control biológico de los insectos plagas más frecuentes en estos cultivos; a ese fin, se analizaron las preferencias alimentarias de A. Uniformis y J. Erythrostoma en condiciones de laboratorio. Se utilizaron como presa los insectos más numerosos recolectados en la plantación de C. Sinensis, de los órdenes Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera y Orthoptera. Se utilizó una jaula mediana, cubierta por una malla fina de plástico, que albergaba un refugio consistente en una planta joven de naranjo. Para el análisis de los resultados se utilizó el índice de preferencia α de Manly, propuesto para una población variable de presas. Según el índice de Manly, A. Uniformis tiene una preferencia alimentaria por Cicadellidae (Hemiptera), con un valor α=48,7%, seguidos por Tephritidae (Diptera) y Apidae (Hymenoptera), con α=29% y α=15%, respectivamente. Orthoptera (α=4,7%) y Coleoptera (α=2,7%) fueron poco seleccionados. Jessica erythrostoma demostró una preferencia alimentaria por Diptera (Tephritidae), cuyo promedio alcanzo un 48,7%, seguidos de Hemiptera (Cicadellidae) (α=26,7%) y Coleoptera (α=18,7%). Los Orthoptera (Acrididae) fueron poco elegidos (α=6%), mientras que ningún Hymenoptera (Apidae) fue seleccionado.The spiders Araneus uniformis (Araneidae) and Jessica erythrostoma (Anyphaenidae) are two of the most abundant species in the foliage of Citrus sinensis fields. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the functions of those spiders in the biological control of the most frequent insect pests of those fields; to that end, the alimentary preferences of A. uniformis and J. erythrostoma were analyzed in laboratory conditions. The most common insects in the C. sinensis field were collected to be used as prey, belonging to the orders Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Coleoptera and Orthoptera. A medium-sized cage, covered by a thin plastic mesh, with a young orange plant inside for shelter. To analyze the results, the Manly’s α preference index was used, proposed for a variable prey population. According to Manly’s index, A. uniformis has an alimentary preference for Cicadellidae (Hemiptera), with α=48.7%, followed by Tephritidae (Diptera) and Apidae (Hymenoptera) with α=29% and α =15% respectably. Orthoptera (α=4.7%) and Coleoptera (α=2.7%) were less commonly selected. Diptera, whose average was α=48.7%, followed by Hemiptera (Cicadellidae) (α=26.7%) and by Coleoptera (α=18.7%), were the orders most commonly selected by Jessica erythrostoma. Orthoptera (Acrididae) were rarely chosen, with α=6%, and no Hymenoptera (Apidae) were selected at all. Key words: Araneae, Araneidae, food preferences, laboratory conditions, Citrus, spiders in crops, natural regulators.Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectore

Spider diversity in cultures of Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae) in Corrientes province, Argentina

Spiders are predators that reduce insect pest populations in agroecosystems. In spite that the presence of spider assemblages has been described in different crop plants, no reports have been done for Citrus species in Argentina. We studied the spider community associated with cultures of Citrus sinensis in the province of Corrientes, Argentina, in two plots (AM1 irrigated and AM2 unirrigated) of 0.82 hectares each. Spiders were collected monthly by using pitfall traps, hand capture, agitation of foliage and sieving of soil litter. A total of 7174 specimens were collected (33 families, 44 genera and 200 species/morphospecies). The AM1 recorded 3811 individuals (33 families, 179 species/morphospecies) and AM2 3363 individuals (31 families, 174 species/morphospecies). November, December and January showed the highest abundance in both plots. A total of 70% of collected spiders were juveniles. Eight families were the most abundant and represented 75% of spiders collected in both plots, the largest being Lycosidae. We identified eight guilds in both plots, for which the ground runners resulted the most abundant (AM1 n=1341, s=39, n=999 AM2, s=33), followed by orb weavers (AM1 n=637, s=36; AM2 n=552, s=33), the stalkers (AM1 n=471, s=43, AM2 n=453, s=47) and the space webbuilders (AM1 n=446, s=23; AM2 n=342, s=25). The analysis of alpha diversity in both plots (AM1H’=4.161, J’=0.802; AM2 H’=4.184, J’=0.811) showed no significant differences (t=1.083 p=0.279). The linear dependences model was the one with the best fit results, where the species observed were more than estimated. Clench model estimated 90.9% of the spiders observed in the unit with irrigation and 90.6% in the unit without irrigationCentro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectore

Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) associated with two degraded forests in the humid Chaco of Corrientes, Argentina.

El importante avance de la degradacion de bosques en la Provincia Biogeografica del Chaco, Argentina, conlleva una perdida importante de su poco conocida biodiversidad. Se realizo un estudio de la fauna de aranas en dos bosques de la provincia de Corrientes, Argentina, correspondientes al Distrito Oriental Humedo del Chaco, en las localidades de Laguna Brava y El Perichon. Se realizaron muestreos estacionales entre los anos 2001 y 2002. Las aranas recolectadas (2 067 individuos de 33 familias y 226 especies/ morfoespecies) fueron obtenidas por golpeteo del estrato arbustivo y tamizado de hojarasca. Las familias Araneidae, Anyphaenidae, Salticidae y Theridiidae fueron las mas abundantes en los dos bosques. El gremio de aranas constructoras de telas orbiculares presento el mayor numero de individuos (n=382) y el de cazadoras al acecho la mayor riqueza (S=56). En Laguna Brava se observo mayor abundancia en el verano (n=287) y primavera (n=273) y en el Perichon en invierno (n=315). La riqueza especifica y el valor de los indices de diversidad, fueron mayores en Laguna Brava (S=134, H'=4.23, E=0.86, D=0.023) que en El Perichon (S=127, H'=4.08, E=0.84, D=0.029). La similitud entre ambos bosques fue MH=0.611.The advancing degradation of the forest in the biogeographic Chaco province (Argentina) produces an important loss of its little known biodiversity. We studied the spider biodiversity in two forests of Corrientes, Argentina’s “Distrito Oriental Húmedo del Chaco”: Laguna Brava and El Perichón. Seasonal samplings of foliage and fallen leaves between 2001 and 2002 produced 2 067 individuals from 33 families and 226 species/ morphospecies). The families Araneidae, Anyphaenidae, Salticidae and Theridiidae were the most abundant in both forests. The “orb weavers” guild had the highest number of specimens (n=382) and “stalkers” the highest richness (S=56). In Brava, highest abundance was in the summer (n=287) and spring (n=273), in Perichón, it was in winter (n=315). The specific richness and the diversity indexes were higher in Brava (S=134, H´=4.23, E=0.86, D=0.023) than in Perichón (S=127, H´=4.08, E=0.84, D=0.029). The similarity value between both forests was MH=0.611.Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectore

Spider diversity in cultures of Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae) in Corrientes province, Argentina

Spiders are predators that reduce insect pest populations in agroecosystems. In spite that the presence of spider assemblages has been described in different crop plants, no reports have been done for Citrus species in Argentina. We studied the spider community associated with cultures of Citrus sinensis in the province of Corrientes, Argentina, in two plots (AM1 irrigated and AM2 unirrigated) of 0.82 hectares each. Spiders were collected monthly by using pitfall traps, hand capture, agitation of foliage and sieving of soil litter. A total of 7174 specimens were collected (33 families, 44 genera and 200 species/morphospecies). The AM1 recorded 3811 individuals (33 families, 179 species/morphospecies) and AM2 3363 individuals (31 families, 174 species/morphospecies). November, December and January showed the highest abundance in both plots. A total of 70% of collected spiders were juveniles. Eight families were the most abundant and represented 75% of spiders collected in both plots, the largest being Lycosidae. We identified eight guilds in both plots, for which the ground runners resulted the most abundant (AM1 n=1341, s=39, n=999 AM2, s=33), followed by orb weavers (AM1 n=637, s=36; AM2 n=552, s=33), the stalkers (AM1 n=471, s=43, AM2 n=453, s=47) and the space webbuilders (AM1 n=446, s=23; AM2 n=342, s=25). The analysis of alpha diversity in both plots (AM1H’=4.161, J’=0.802; AM2 H’=4.184, J’=0.811) showed no significant differences (t=1.083 p=0.279). The linear dependences model was the one with the best fit results, where the species observed were more than estimated. Clench model estimated 90.9% of the spiders observed in the unit with irrigation and 90.6% in the unit without irrigationCentro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectore

Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) associated with two degraded forests in the humid Chaco of Corrientes, Argentina.

El importante avance de la degradacion de bosques en la Provincia Biogeografica del Chaco, Argentina, conlleva una perdida importante de su poco conocida biodiversidad. Se realizo un estudio de la fauna de aranas en dos bosques de la provincia de Corrientes, Argentina, correspondientes al Distrito Oriental Humedo del Chaco, en las localidades de Laguna Brava y El Perichon. Se realizaron muestreos estacionales entre los anos 2001 y 2002. Las aranas recolectadas (2 067 individuos de 33 familias y 226 especies/ morfoespecies) fueron obtenidas por golpeteo del estrato arbustivo y tamizado de hojarasca. Las familias Araneidae, Anyphaenidae, Salticidae y Theridiidae fueron las mas abundantes en los dos bosques. El gremio de aranas constructoras de telas orbiculares presento el mayor numero de individuos (n=382) y el de cazadoras al acecho la mayor riqueza (S=56). En Laguna Brava se observo mayor abundancia en el verano (n=287) y primavera (n=273) y en el Perichon en invierno (n=315). La riqueza especifica y el valor de los indices de diversidad, fueron mayores en Laguna Brava (S=134, H'=4.23, E=0.86, D=0.023) que en El Perichon (S=127, H'=4.08, E=0.84, D=0.029). La similitud entre ambos bosques fue MH=0.611.The advancing degradation of the forest in the biogeographic Chaco province (Argentina) produces an important loss of its little known biodiversity. We studied the spider biodiversity in two forests of Corrientes, Argentina’s “Distrito Oriental Húmedo del Chaco”: Laguna Brava and El Perichón. Seasonal samplings of foliage and fallen leaves between 2001 and 2002 produced 2 067 individuals from 33 families and 226 species/ morphospecies). The families Araneidae, Anyphaenidae, Salticidae and Theridiidae were the most abundant in both forests. The “orb weavers” guild had the highest number of specimens (n=382) and “stalkers” the highest richness (S=56). In Brava, highest abundance was in the summer (n=287) and spring (n=273), in Perichón, it was in winter (n=315). The specific richness and the diversity indexes were higher in Brava (S=134, H´=4.23, E=0.86, D=0.023) than in Perichón (S=127, H´=4.08, E=0.84, D=0.029). The similarity value between both forests was MH=0.611.Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectore

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake