Guía de reconocimiento de la pudrición blanda bacteriana de ciclamen o violeta de los Alpes

ilustraciones, fotografías, graficasEn Colombia, el viverismo comprende la producción y comercialización de plantas vivas incluyendo orna - mentales y se estima que su producción ocupa alrededor de 1950 ha, involucrando a más de 3000 produc - tores y 35000 familias de ámbito rural, que dependen económicamente de esta actividad'. Entre las plantas de vivero, se encuentra el ciclamen o violeta de los Alpes (Cyclomen persicum Mal.), uno de los cultivos ornamentales de maceta más comercializados en el mundo, debido a su permanente floración. En Colombia, la producción de ciclamen se realiza principalmente en el departamento de Cundinamarca, específicamente en el municipio de San Antonio del Tequendama, donde el 20% de su actividad económica corresponde a la producción agrícola, siendo de especial importancia el cultivo de plantas ornamentales en vivero. No obstante, este cultivo se ha visto afectado por la presencia de enfermedades, cuyos agentes cau - sales en algunas ocasiones son desconocidos al igual que sus posibles fuentes de inóculo, Lo que ha llevado a un mal manejo del cultivo y a bajos rendimientos en la producción. En el año 2018 investigadores de la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias de la Universidad de Cundinamarca, sede Fusagasugá y de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá. detectaron en viveros productores de cidamen, ubicados en el municipio de San Antonio del Tequendama, plantas afectadas que presentaban síntomas asociados con la enfermedad Pudrición blanda bacteriana de ciclamen la cual era desconocida entre los productores de la región. Por lo tanto, mediante un proyecto de investigación conjunto entre ambas instituciones se logró llegar a la caracterización de la enfermedad, basa - da en una descripción detallada de sus síntomas y a la identificación de sus agentes causales, con el objetivo de divulgar la enfermedad entre el gremio viverista de nuestro país. Por consiguiente, el propósito de esta cartilla es generar una guía práctica para el reconocimiento de la Pudrición blanda bacteriana de ciclamen o violeta de los Alpes, accesible a los viveristas del país, que permita una detección oportuna de la enfermedad y por ende un manejo adecuado de ella. (Texto tomado de la fuente)Sobre el proyecto -- Agradecimientos -- Ciclamen o violeta de los Alpes -- Pudrición blanda bacteriana de ciclamen o violeta de los Alpes -- Síntomas asociados con Pudrición blanda bacteriana de ciclamen o violeta de los Alpes -- Pudrición blanda del cormo -- Pudrición blanda de peciolos y pedúnculos -- Pudrición blanda necrótica de peciolos y pedúnculos -- Diferencias entre la pudrición blanda y la pudrición blanda necrótica de peciolos y pedúnculos -- Pudrición de raíz -- Prevendón de la Pudrición blanda bacteriana del CiclamenPrimera edició

Genetic diversity of Phytophthora infestans in the Northern Andean region.

RIGHTS : This article is licensed under the BioMed Central licence at http://www.biomedcentral.com/about/license which is similar to the 'Creative Commons Attribution Licence'. In brief you may : copy, distribute, and display the work; make derivative works; or make commercial use of the work - under the following conditions: the original author must be given credit; for any reuse or distribution, it must be made clear to others what the license terms of this work are.BACKGROUND: Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, the causal agent of potato late blight, is responsible for tremendous crop losses worldwide. Countries in the northern part of the Andes dedicate a large proportion of the highlands to the production of potato, and more recently, solanaceous fruits such as cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana) and tree tomato (Solanum betaceum), all of which are hosts of this oomycete. In the Andean region, P. infestans populations have been well characterized in Ecuador and Peru, but are poorly understood in Colombia and Venezuela. To understand the P. infestans population structure in the Northern part of the Andes, four nuclear regions (ITS, Ras, β-tubulin and Avr3a) and one mitochondrial (Cox1) region were analyzed in isolates of P. infestans sampled from different hosts in Colombia and Venezuela. RESULTS: Low genetic diversity was found within this sample of P. infestans isolates from crops within several regions of Colombia and Venezuela, revealing the presence of clonal populations of the pathogen in this region. We detected low frequency heterozygotes, and their distribution patterns might be a consequence of a high migration rate among populations with poor effective gene flow. Consistent genetic differentiation exists among isolates from different regions. CONCLUSIONS: The results here suggest that in the Northern Andean region P. infestans is a clonal population with some within-clone variation. P. infestans populations in Venezuela reflect historic isolation that is being reinforced by a recent self-sufficiency of potato seeds. In summary, the P. infestans population is mainly shaped by migration and probably by the appearance of variants of key effectors such as Avr3a

Evolving trends in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 waves. The ACIE appy II study

Background: In 2020, ACIE Appy study showed that COVID-19 pandemic heavily affected the management of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) worldwide, with an increased rate of non-operative management (NOM) strategies and a trend toward open surgery due to concern of virus transmission by laparoscopy and controversial recommendations on this issue. The aim of this study was to survey again the same group of surgeons to assess if any difference in management attitudes of AA had occurred in the later stages of the outbreak. Methods: From August 15 to September 30, 2021, an online questionnaire was sent to all 709 participants of the ACIE Appy study. The questionnaire included questions on personal protective equipment (PPE), local policies and screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection, NOM, surgical approach and disease presentations in 2021. The results were compared with the results from the previous study. Results: A total of 476 answers were collected (response rate 67.1%). Screening policies were significatively improved with most patients screened regardless of symptoms (89.5% vs. 37.4%) with PCR and antigenic test as the preferred test (74.1% vs. 26.3%). More patients tested positive before surgery and commercial systems were the preferred ones to filter smoke plumes during laparoscopy. Laparoscopic appendicectomy was the first option in the treatment of AA, with a declined use of NOM. Conclusion: Management of AA has improved in the last waves of pandemic. Increased evidence regarding SARS-COV-2 infection along with a timely healthcare systems response has been translated into tailored attitudes and a better care for patients with AA worldwide

Desarrollo de mutantes asporogénicos de Bacillus thuringiensis de importancia para el control de plagas agrícolas, resistentes a la radiación ultravioleta

IP 2213-12-10415PONENCIA(S) EN CONGRESO: Efecto de los agentes bioqimicossobrela viavilidad de esporas y la toxicidad de;Bacillus thuringiensis / Hernandez, Johana. [et al.] -- p.25--En: Congreso de la Corporacion para;Investigaciones Biologicas. (8 : 2002, dic. 12-13 : El CarmendeViboral)-- [s.l : s.n], 2002 -- p. ; 28 cm

Sub-clinical Hypothyroidism in the Elderly: an Academic Proposal for the Family Doctors Hipotireoidismo subclínico em idosos: uma proposta acadêmica para os médicos de família

4 páginasLa forma más común de disfunción tiroidea en las personas de mayor edad es el hipotiroidismo subclínico. El hipotiroidismo subclínico es un estado bioquímico caracterizado por un aumento de la hormona estimulante de la tiroides en suero y niveles normales de T4 libre y T3 libre. El propósito de esta revisión es profundizar sobre el papel de la detección de hipotiroidismo y la necesidad de tratamiento en el hipotiroidismo subclínico. Aunque los estudios muestran algunos criterios que definen cuales pacientes requieren tratamiento, las decisiones deben ser individualizadas y basadas en los valores de laboratorio, los síntomas, la calidad de vida del paciente y el riesgo potencial. Los riesgos potenciales del hipotiroidismo subclínico en los ancianos incluyen la progresión a hipotiroidismo clínico, efectos cardiovasculares, hiperlipidemias, y efectos neurológicos y neuropsiquiátricos, que deben ser evaluados en todo paciente con hipotiroidismo subclínico

Diversidad genética de Phytophthora infestans en la región andina norte

Background Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, the causal agent of potato late blight, is responsible for tremendous crop losses worldwide. Countries in the northern part of the Andes dedicate a large proportion of the highlands to the production of potato, and more recently, solanaceous fruits such as cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana) and tree tomato (Solanum betaceum), all of which are hosts of this oomycete. In the Andean region, P. infestans populations have been well characterized in Ecuador and Peru, but are poorly understood in Colombia and Venezuela. To understand the P. infestans population structure in the Northern part of the Andes, four nuclear regions (ITS, Ras, ?-tubulin and Avr3a) and one mitochondrial (Cox1) region were analyzed in isolates of P. infestans sampled from different hosts in Colombia and Venezuela. Results Low genetic diversity was found within this sample of P. infestans isolates from crops within several regions of Colombia and Venezuela, revealing the presence of clonal populations of the pathogen in this region. We detected low frequency heterozygotes, and their distribution patterns might be a consequence of a high migration rate among populations with poor effective gene flow. Consistent genetic differentiation exists among isolates from different regions. Conclusions The results here suggest that in the Northern Andean region P. infestans is a clonal population with some within-clone variation. P. infestans populations in Venezuela reflect historic isolation that is being reinforced by a recent self-sufficiency of potato seeds. In summary, the P. infestans population is mainly shaped by migration and probably by the appearance of variants of key effectors such as Avr3a

Estado del arte de documentos impresos de mediación pedagógica sobre sexualidad para profesores, niños y adolescentes, enviados por el Ministerio de Educación Nacional a instituciones de educación formal en Colombia (1990-2014)

Cuatro grupos de investigadores elaboraron un estado del arte de materiales didácticos impresos sobre sexualidad, que fueron enviados por el Ministerio de Educación Nacional (MEN) a instituciones de educación formal en Colombia. Se rastreó también la documentación con análisis crítico sistemático sobre estos materiales, que los cita o menciona. Es un trabajo hermenéutico de perfil crítico documental que abarcó tres grupos humanos, cuatro variables y doce categorías. Se hallaron 29 textos del MEN. Solo se encontraron dos investigaciones con análisis crítico científico, cada una sobre un documento diferente. El perfil crítico documental sugiere la necesidad de elaborar nuevos materiales didácticos de mediación pedagógica sobre sexualidad, con referentes bioéticos específicos de biofamilia, continuamente actualizados y que incluyan las variables y categorías analizadas, así como otras igualmente de validez demostrada

Evolving trends in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 waves. The ACIE appy II study (vol 46, pg 2021, 2022)

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Global attitudes in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 pandemic: ACIE Appy Study

Background: Surgical strategies are being adapted to face the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations on the management of acute appendicitis have been based on expert opinion, but very little evidence is available. This study addressed that dearth with a snapshot of worldwide approaches to appendicitis. Methods: The Association of Italian Surgeons in Europe designed an online survey to assess the current attitude of surgeons globally regarding the management of patients with acute appendicitis during the pandemic. Questions were divided into baseline information, hospital organization and screening, personal protective equipment, management and surgical approach, and patient presentation before versus during the pandemic. Results: Of 744 answers, 709 (from 66 countries) were complete and were included in the analysis. Most hospitals were treating both patients with and those without COVID. There was variation in screening indications and modality used, with chest X-ray plus molecular testing (PCR) being the commonest (19\ub78 per cent). Conservative management of complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis was used by 6\ub76 and 2\ub74 per cent respectively before, but 23\ub77 and 5\ub73 per cent, during the pandemic (both P < 0\ub7001). One-third changed their approach from laparoscopic to open surgery owing to the popular (but evidence-lacking) advice from expert groups during the initial phase of the pandemic. No agreement on how to filter surgical smoke plume during laparoscopy was identified. There was an overall reduction in the number of patients admitted with appendicitis and one-third felt that patients who did present had more severe appendicitis than they usually observe. Conclusion: Conservative management of mild appendicitis has been possible during the pandemic. The fact that some surgeons switched to open appendicectomy may reflect the poor guidelines that emanated in the early phase of SARS-CoV-2