Conflicto, convivencia y Cultura de paz. La resolución de conflictos en ámbito educativo como preparación para la paz

The article studies central aspects and contemporary perspectives on alternative forms of conflict resolution, specially in the educational field and school in particular, considering that these spaces are of decisive importance in the preparation for peacebuilding in the framework of the exercise of democratic citizenship. The subject is approached from an interdisciplinary perspective and examined with particular reference to recent experiences in countries such as Spain and Colombia. Together with the theoretical and methodological review of the different forms of conflict resolution in the educational field and especially in the school environment, the article exposes and analyzes the results and projections of recent experiences carried out in centers active in the field of education, construction of coexistence and culture of peace. The work focuses in particular on the work carried out by the International Network of Training of Mediators «Xesús R. Jares», promoted by the Spanish Embassy in Colombia, UNESCO and a group of universities and educational entities all of whom highlight the valuable contribution in the matter of the Spanish philosopher who gives the name to this Network.El artículo estudia aspectos centrales y perspectivas contemporáneas acerca de las formas alternativas de resolución de conflictos, especialmente en el ámbito educativo y escolar en particular, considerando que estos espacios son de una decisiva importancia en la preparación para la construcción de paz en el marco del ejercicio de una ciudadanía democrática. El tema es abordado desde una perspectiva interdisciplinaria y examinado con particular referencia a experiencias recientes en países como España y Colombia. Junto con la revisión teórica y metodológica de las diferentes formas de resolución de conflictos en el campo educativo y especialmente en el medio escolar, el artículo expone y analiza los resultados y proyecciones de valiosas experiencias recientes llevadas a cabo en Centros activos en el campo de la construcción de convivencia y cultura de paz. En el trabajo se enfoca de modo particular en el trabajo que lleva a cabo la Red Internacional de Formación de Mediadores «Xesús R. Jares», impulsada por la Embajada de España en Colombia, UNESCO y un grupo de universidades y entes educativos los cuales destacan la valiosa contribución en la materia del filósofo español que le da el nombre a esta Red

Impact of CD68/(CD3+CD20) Ratio at the Invasive Front of Primary Tumors on Distant Metastasis Development in Breast Cancer

Tumors are infiltrated by macrophages, T and B-lymphocytes, which may favor tumor development by promoting angiogenesis, growth and invasion. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical relevance of the relative amount of macrophages (CD68⁺), T-cells (CD3⁺ and B-cells (CD20⁺) at the invasive front of breast carcinomas, and the expression of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs) either at the invasive front or at the tumor center. We performed an immunohistochemical study counting CD3, CD20 and CD68 positive cells at the invasive front, in 102 breast carcinomas. Also, tissue sections were stained with MMP-2, -9, -11, -14 and TIMP-2 antibodies, and immunoreactivity location, percentage of reactive area and intensity were determined at the invasive front and at the tumor center. The results showed that an increased CD68 count and CD68/(CD3+CD20) ratio were directly associated with both MMP-11 and TIMP-2 expression by mononuclear inflammatory cells at the tumor center (p = 0.041 and p = 0.025 for CD68 count and p = 0.001 and p = 0.045 for ratio, respectively for MMP-11 and TIMP-2). In addition, a high CD68/(CD3+CD20) ratio (>0.05) was directly associated with a higher probability of shortened relapse-free survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that CD68/(CD3+CD20) ratio was an independent factor associated with distant relapse-free survival (RR: 2.54, CI: (1.23-5.24), p<0.01). Therefore, CD68/(CD3+CD20) ratio at the invasive front could be used as an important prognostic marker

Impact on clinical practice of the implementation of guidelines for the toxicity management of targeted therapies in kidney cancer. The protect-2 study.

Journal Article;BACKGROUND The impact of such recommendations after their implementation of guidelines has not usually been evaluated. Herein, we assessed the impact and compliance with the Spanish Oncology Genitourinary Group (SOGUG) Guidelines for toxicity management of targeted therapies in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in daily clinical practice. METHODS Data on 407 mRCC patients who initiated first-line targeted therapy during the year before and the year after publication and implementation of the SOGUG guideline program were available from 34 Spanish Hospitals. Adherence to SOGUG Guidelines was assessed in every cycle. RESULTS Adverse event (AE) management was consistent with the Guidelines as a whole for 28.7 % out of 966 post-implementation cycles compared with 23.1 % out of 892 pre-implementation cycles (p = 0.006). Analysis of adherence by AE in non-compliant cycles showed significant changes in appropriate management of hypertension (33 % pre-implementation vs. 44.5 % post-implementation cycles; p < 0.0001), diarrhea (74.0 % vs. 80.5 %; p = 0.011) and dyslipemia (25.0 % vs. 44.6 %; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Slight but significant improvements in AE management were detected following the implementation of SOGUG recommendations. However, room for improvement in the management of AEs due to targeted agents still remains and could be the focus for further programs in this direction.This study was funded by Pfizer, S.L.U. Medical writing assistance was provided by Esther Tapia, PhD and was founded by Pfizer.Ye