Relationships between vertical jump and mae-geri speed in international class karatekas specialising in kata

El presente trabajo persiguió dos objetivos: (1) describir la capacidad de salto vertical y la velocidad y el tiempo de ejecución de la técnica de pierna frontal mae-geri en karatecas de nivel internacional y (2) analizar el grado de covariación entre dichas variables. Los participantes fueron 13 karatecas españoles masculinos de nivel internacional, estilo shito-ryu y especialidad de katas. El estudio siguió un diseño descriptivo y correlacional. Las variables analizadas fueron: salto vertical CMJ, medido con una plataforma de infrarrojos Optojump, y velocidad y tiempo de ejecución de patada mae-geri, medida con una cámara de alta velocidad (Casio EXFC-100). Los datos registrados fueron: altura media de salto de 48,7 +- 0,12 cm; velocidad media de mae-geri de 19,8 +-1,9 km/h y de 19,6 +- 1,4 km/h, y tiempo de ejecución de dicha patada de 264,85 +- 28,14 ms y de 274,69 +- 18,4 ms, pierna dominante y no dominante respectivamente. Las intensidades de correlación se situaron entre r = 0,72 y r = –0,80. El salto vertical mantuvo una relación alta y estadísticamente significativa con la velocidad y el tiempo de ejecución de la patada mae-geri, técnica de gran importancia en las katas de competición en karate. Esta información puede ser valiosa tanto para planificar el entrenamiento mediante pruebas simples y de bajo coste como para detectar talentosThis study pursued two objectives: (1) to describe the vertical jumping ability and speed and execution time of the maegeri front leg technique in international level karatekas, and (2) to analyse the degree of covariation between these variables. The participants were 13 male Spanish international level karatekas, shito-ryu style and specialising in kata. The study followed a descriptive correlational design. The variables analysed were CMJ vertical jump, measured by an Optojump infrared platform, and speed and execution time of a mae-geri kick, measured by a high speed camera (Casio EXFC-100). The average jump height was 48.7 +- 0.12 cm, the average speed of mae-geri was 19.8 +- 1.9 kph and 19.6 +- 1.4 kph, and the execution time of the kick was 264.85 +- 28.14 m/s and 274.69 +- 18.4 m/s, dominant and non-dominant leg respectively. The correlation intensities ranged from r = 0.72 to r = –0.80. The vertical jump had a high and statistically significant relationship with the speed and execution time of the mae-geri kick, a very important technique in competition kata in karate. This information may be helpful in order to plan training through simple and low cost tests and to detect talen

Solar-cycle and Latitude Variations in the Internetwork Magnetism

The importance of the quiet-Sun magnetism is that it is always there to a greater or lesser extent, being a constant provider of energy, independently of the solar cycle phase. The open questions about the quiet-Sun magnetism include those related to its origin. Most people claim that the local dynamo action is the mechanism that causes it. This fact would imply that the quiet-Sun magnetism is nearly the same at any location over the solar surface and at any time. Many works claim that the quiet Sun does not have any variation at all, although a few of them raise doubt on this claim and find mild evidence of a cyclic variation in the the quiet-Sun magnetism. In this work, we detect clear variations in the internetwork magnetism both with latitude and solar cycle. In terms of latitude, we find an increase in the averaged magnetic fields toward the solar poles. We also find long-term variations in the averaged magnetic field at the disk center and solar poles, and both variations are almost anticorrelated. These findings do not support the idea that the local dynamo action is the unique factory of the quiet-Sun magnetism.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl

Material flow accounting in Chile, Ecuador, Mexico and Peru (1980-2000)

In this paper we compare the resource flows of Chile, Ecuador, Mexico and Peru between 1980 and 2000. In this time span, the domestic extraction of materials increased in the four countries, mainly due to the mining sector in Chile and Peru, biomass and oil in Ecuador and construction minerals in Mexico. Imports and exports increased too, due to the increasing integration in the international markets, prompted by the liberalization policies undertaken by the four countries between the late 1970s and the late 1990s. The four countries had a negative physical trade balance for most of the period analyzed, meaning that their exports exceeded their imports in terms of weight. However, the increase of imports reduced the physical deficit in Chile, Mexico and Peru. Ecuador’s physical deficit was the highest and did not decrease in the period analyzed. Also, a diversification of exports away from bulk commodities could be observed in Chile and Mexico, and to a lesser extent in Peru, whereas in Ecuador the export sector remained mainly based on oil and biomass. More research is needed to explore the environmental effects of this phenomenon. Also, the indirect flows associated to the direct physical flows deserve to be subject to further analysis.

Inteligencia emocional rasgo como amortiguador del estado de ánimo en docentes de educación infantil y primaria durante el impacto de la COVID-19

Background: Trait Emotional Intelligence (EI) is a personal characteristic that can act as a buffer factor against vital challenging circumstances and be a predictor of mood in a variety of natural situations such as those derived from the social context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The general aim of this research was to study the relationship between trait EI and teacher moods during confinement. Method: The study included 478 participants, 316 Preschool teachers and Elementary teachers from public centers in the Region of Murcia and 162 university students of Preschool and Elementary education degrees. The instrument used to assess trait EI was the TEIQue-SF; to assess the moods experienced during the impact of COVID-19, a short version of the POMS was used.Results: Teachers with high trait EI were perceived to be more energized and kinder, as well as less nervous, moody, sad and tired, just the opposite pattern of teachers with a low trait EI profile. In addition, female teachers obtained higher scores in negative mood states. Conclusions: Although the study is correla-tional, the results support the idea of trait EI as a protective factor against stress, which reinforces its role as a promoter of teacher well-being.Antecedentes: La Inteligencia Emocional (IE) rasgo es una característica personal que puede actuar como factor protector contra circunstancias vitales desafiantes y ser un predictor del estado de ánimo en situaciones naturales como las derivadas del contexto social de la pandemia COVID-19. El objetivo general fue estudiar la relación entre IE rasgo y los estados anímicos docentes durante el confinamiento. Método: Se contó con 478 participantes, 316 docentes de Educación Infantil (EI) y Primaria (EP) de centros públicos de la Región de Murcia y 162 estudiantes de los Grados de EI y EP. Los instrumentos empleados fueron: para evaluar la IE rasgo, el TEIQue-SF; para evaluar los estados de ánimo vividos durante el impacto de la COVID-19 se utilizó una versión breve del POMS. Resultados: Los docentes con IE elevada se percibieron más enérgicos y considerados con los demás; así como menos nerviosos, malhumorados, tristes y cansados, justo el patrón contrario al de docentes con perfil de IE baja. Además, las maestras obtienen puntuaciones mayores en los estados emocionales negativos. Conclusiones: Si bien el estudio es correlacional, los resultados avalan la idea de la IE rasgo como factor protector frente al estrés, lo que refuerza su papel como promotor del bienestar docente

Choice of ceramic for use in treatments with porcelain laminate veneers

El tratamiento mediante Frentes Laminados de Porcelana (FLP) se utiliza desde hace más de dos décadas para el tratamiento de problemas estéticos y/o funcionales, particularmente en el grupo anterior de las arcadas dentarias (1,2,3). La actual oferta en el mercado de cerámicas dentales aptas para este tipo de tratamiento, pero muy distintas en cuanto a composición, características ópticas y sistema de elaboración, hace complicada la selección del material más adecuado a cada paciente en particular. Proponemos un sistema sencillo de elección de la cerámica teniendo en cuenta las dos variables que más influirán en el resultado estético final: de un lado las características propias del diente (sustrato en el que nos apoyamos), y de otro las características propias del material cerámico en cuanto a resistencia y propiedades ópticas

Towards the development of future sustainable sports entrepreneurs: An asymmetric approach of the sports sciences sustainable entrepreneurial intentions

Contributing to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda is vital for ensuring the future of our society. The sports sector presents opportunities through entrepreneurship to contribute to them. However, little is known about how Physical Activity and Sports Sciences (PASS) students through university education could develop a sustainable mindset to be an entrepreneur. This research analyzes the conditions that generate high and low levels of sustainable entrepreneurial intentions in PASS students. The sample comprises 374 PASS students, with a mean age of 20.80 years (SD = 3.19). A structured questionnaire was administered. The results indicate that it is essential that PASS students perceive themselves as capable of creating and managing a sustainable business efficiently (condition present in all solutions). In addition, they should possess high levels of social and civic values (most explanatory solution: 47% of cases). Besides, is important that they have a positive attitude towards sustainable entrepreneurship and they feel supported by their immediate environment (second most explanatory solution: 36% of cases). Finally, some practical implications for encouraging sustainable entrepreneurial intentions of PASS students are presented.Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deport

Cysteine and cysteine-related signaling pathways in arabidopsis thaliana

Cysteine occupies a central position in plant metabolism because it is a reduced sulfur donor molecule involved in the synthesis of essential biomolecules and defense compounds. Moreover, cysteine per se and its derivative molecules play roles in the redox signaling of processes occurring in various cellular compartments. Cysteine is synthesized during the sulfate assimilation pathway via the incorporation of sulfide to O-acetylserine, catalyzed by O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase (OASTL). Plant cells contain OASTLs in the mitochondria, chloroplasts, and cytosol, resulting in a complex array of isoforms and subcellular cysteine pools. In recent years, significant progress has been made in Arabidopsis, in determining the specific roles of the OASTLs and the metabolites produced by them. Thus, the discovery of novel enzymatic activities of the less-abundant, like DES1 with L-cysteine desulfhydrase activity and SCS with S-sulfocysteine synthase activity, has provided new perspectives on their roles, besides their metabolic functions. Thereby, the research has been demonstrated that cytosolic sulfide and chloroplastic S-sulfocysteine act as signaling molecules regulating autophagy and protecting the photosystems, respectively. In the cytosol, cysteine plays an essential role in plant immunity; in the mitochondria, this molecule plays a central role in the detoxification of cyanide, which is essential for root hair development and plant responses to pathogens.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad BIO2010-15201Junta de Andalucía CVI-719

Diferencias en el rendimiento muscular entre jugadores de baloncesto profesionales y jóvenes

High performance in a vertical jump, ability to repeat short sprints (RSA) and muscle power are all three most relevant factors for professional basketball players. Still, there is a lack of studies analyzing the differences of these variables between professional and young basketball players. The aim of this research is to study the differences on the vertical jump, the RSA and mechanical power between professional and elite young basketball players. For this, 11 professional (n = 11, age = 24.3 ± 5.5 years, height = 200 ± 10.4 cm, weight = 98.4 ± 8.7 kg) and nine elite young basketball players (n = 9, age = 15.2 ± 0.4 years, height = 190 ± 6.5 cm, weight = 78.2 ± 5.2 kg) were tested on the Repeated Sprint Test (RAST), Countermovement Jump (CMJ) before and after the RAST, 35 m sprint, and the mechanical power produced in these. The results show non-significance between groups as regards the RAST fatigue index, CMJ height and 35 m sprint time. However, professional players produced significantly more power in these variables than young elite players (p < 0.05 - 0.001). These findings may have significant practical relevance on training programs intended for young basketball playersEl alto rendimiento en el salto vertical, la capacidad de repetir sprints (RSA) y la potencia muscular son 3 de las variables más importantes para los jugadores de baloncesto profesionales. Sin embargo, hay pocos estudios que analicen las diferencias en estas variables entre jugadores jóvenes de alto nivel y sujetos profesionales. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las diferencias en el salto vertical (CMJ), la RSA y la potencia muscular entre jugadores de baloncesto profesionales y jóvenes talentos. Para ello, un test de RSA, el CMJ antes y después del test de RSA, el sprint de 35 m y la potencia en dichas variables fueron medidas a 11 jugadores de baloncesto profesionales (n = 11, edad = 24.3 ± 5.5 años, altura = 200 ± 10.4 cm, peso = 98.4 ± 8.7 kg) y a 9 jugadores jóvenes de élite (n = 9, edad = 15.2 ± 0.4 años, altura = 190 ± 6.5 cm, peso = 78.2 ± 5.2 kg). Los resultados muestran que no hay diferencias significativas entre grupos en la fatiga en el test de RSA, la altura alcanzada en el CMJ o el sprint de 35 m. Sin embargo, los jugadores profesionales produjeron significativamente más potencia en estas variables que los jóvenes (p < 0.05 - 0.001). Estos hallazgos pueden tener relevancia práctica en el diseño de los programas de entrenamiento para jugadores jó- venes de baloncest