Study on the Level of Knowledge in Dental Medical Emergencies of Dentistry Students through Neutrosophic Values

Abstract. This research carries out an analysis of the level of knowledge in dental medical emergencies of tenth semester dentistry students at Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes UNIANDES, during the academic period April-August 2019, related to the reception of first aid courses. For this purpose, we made use of the neutrosophic theory, through the application of the single valued neutrosophic set (SVNS) associated to linguistic variables to evaluate the students' answers to the applied questionnaire. As a main result, we obtained a negative evaluation of the level of knowledge of dental medical emergencies for the students who have not received the first aid course

Geophysical Prospecting for Geothermal Resources in the South of the Duero Basin (Spain)

[EN]The geothermal resources in Spain have been a source of deep research in recent years and are, in general, well-defined. However, there are some areas where the records from the National Institute for Geology and Mining show thermal activity from different sources despite no geothermal resources being registered there. This is the case of the area in the south of the Duero basin where this research was carried out. Seizing the opportunity of a deep borehole being drilled in the location, some geophysical resources were used to gather information about the geothermal properties of the area. The employed geophysical methods were time-domain electromagnetics (TDEM) and borehole logging; the first provided information about the depth of the bedrock and the general geological structure, whereas the second one gave more detail on the geological composition of the different layers and a temperature record across the whole sounding. The results allowed us to establish the geothermal gradient of the area and to discern the depth of the bedrock. Using the first 200 m of the borehole logging, the thermal conductivity of the ground for shallow geothermal systems was estimated

Geophysical exploration for shallow geothermal applications: A case study in Artà, (Balearic Islands, Spain)

[EN] Within the installation of a shallow geothermal system, the lack of information on the subsoil frequently leads to errors in the design of the geothermal wellfield. This research presents the application of geophysics, combining 2D and 3D electrical resistivity tomography surveys and the geological information of a certain area for defining the structural distribution of the underground. Processed electrical resistivity data allow elucidating possible geological units and the thermal behavior of the in-depth materials. Two different assumptions (with different locations of the wells) are designed by using the specific geothermal software GES-CAL. Results show, that Case 1 (based on the geophysical results, so avoiding complex areas) allows the reduction of the global drilling length, and hence, the general initial investment of the system (around 20% lower). Meanwhile, Case 2 (without considering the geophysics) is less economically advantageous and could also present technical difficulties during the drilling process, as well as the possible alteration to the normal system operation. The study highlights the benefits of geophysics as an effective approach to characterize the underground and to help to understand its thermal behavior, which is, in turn, crucial for a proper geothermal design.S

Use of 3D electrical resistivity tomography to improve the design of low enthalpy geothermal systems

[EN] In designing low enthalpy geothermal systems, the ideal location and length of the boreholes in the well-field is the key to improve the performance and reduce the costs of the installation. The correct assessment of the heat conductivity of the ground (λ) plays also a very important role in estimating the amount of energy that we are going to be able to obtain from the subsoil and the ideal pace of the process. In low enthalpy geothermal installations based on granite type environments is especially important to improve the information we have from the subsoil at a small scale. This is due to the great horizontal variation we can find on this kind of terrain. Electrical conductivity (C = 1/ρ, ρ = resistivity in ohm meters) can be related to thermal conductivity (λ) of many rock types (Directive (EU), 2019) (see Robertson, 1988). We show that a 3D electrical resistivity survey can be used as a proxy for λ in terrain with weathered and solid granitic rock. Knowledge of λ is essential for the design of efficient ground source heat pump systems that use vertical wells for closed-loop systems. Shorter well lengths are accomplished if wells are in solid granite with high λ. Furthermore the electrical resistivity survey identifies low density, clayey subsurface materials that may require specialized drilling methods. Project cost savings can result from shorter borehole lengths, number of holes, and correct drilling methods

Characterizing Geological Heterogeneities for Geothermal Purposes through Combined Geophysical Prospecting Methods

Geothermal energy is becoming essential to deal with the catastrophic effect of climate change. Although the totality of the Earth’s crust allows the exploitation of shallow geothermal resources, it is important to identify those areas with higher thermal possibilities. In this sense, geophysical prospecting plays a vital role in the recognition and estimation of potential geothermal resources. This research evaluates the geothermal conditions of a certain area located in the center of Spain. The evaluation is mainly based on geological and geophysical studies and, in particular, the Time Domain Electromagnetic Method and the Electrical Resistivity Tomography. Once we analyzed the geology and the historical thermal evidence near the study area, our geophysical results were used to define the geothermal possibilities from a double perspective. In relation to anomalous heat gradient, the identification of a fault and the contact with impermeable granitic materials at the depth of 180 m denotes a potential location for the extraction of groundwater. Regarding the common ground-source heat-pump uses, the analysis has allowed the determination of the most appropriate area for the location of the geothermal well field. Finally, the importance of accurately defining the position of the drillings was confirmed by using software GES-CAL

A multidisciplinary approach to calibrating advanced numerical simulations of masonry arch bridges

This paper proposes a robust multidisciplinary method that combines geomatic procedures (terrestrial laser scanning and reverse engineering), geophysical methods (ground-penetrating radar and multichannel analysis of surface waves), sonic and impact echo tests, and ambient vibration approaches to generate accurate numerical simulations of masonry arch bridges. These methods are complemented by a robust finite element model updating method based on metamodeling global sensitivity analysis and a robust calibration strategy. The results obtained corroborate the feasibility of the proposed methodology with an average relative error in frequencies of 1.21% and an average modal assurance criterion of 0.93

3-D modelling of a fossil tufa outcrop. The example of La Peña del Manto (Soria, Spain)

[EN]Classical studies of tufas lack quantitative outcrop descriptions and facies models, and normally do not integrate data from subsurface in the stratigraphic and evolutive analysis. This paper describes themethodology followed to construct one of the first digital outcrop models of fossil tufas. This model incorporates 3-D lines and surfaces obtained from a terrestrial laser scanner, electric resistivity tomography (ERT) profiles, and stratigraphic and sedimentologic data from 18 measured sections. This study has identified seven sedimentary units (from SU-1 to SU-7) which are composed of tufa carbonates (SU-1; 3; 5; 6) and clastics (SU-2; 4; 7). Facies identified occur in different proportions: phytoherm limestones of bryophytes represent 43% of tufa volume, bioclastic limestones 20%, phytoherm limestones of stems 12%, oncolitic limestones 8%, and clastics 15%. Three main architectural elements have been identified: 1) Steeply dipping strata dominated by phytoherm limestones of bryophytes; 2) gently dipping strata dominated by phytoherm limestones of stems; and 3) horizontal strata dominated by bioclastic and oncoid limestones. The alternation of tufa growth and clastic input stages is interpreted as the result of climatic changes during Mid–Late Pleistocene.18.KA4A-463 A.C.01, Universidad de Salamanca CGL2014-54818-P of the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO)

3D documentation for the conservation of historical heritage: the Castle of Priego de Córdoba (Spain)

[EN] One of the main objectives of heritage management policies is to promote measures aimed at the maintenance, restoration and enhancement of cultural and archaeological assets. To guarantee this, the responsible institutions must promote actions for the dissemination and transference of cultural heritage, as well as promoting actions with the greatest possible rigour, developing scientific and technical studies that support and improve intervention methods. Recent technological advances in fields such as photogrammetry, digital terrestrial scanning and 3D modelling have made a significant contribution to the digital preservation and dissemination of architectural heritage.European administrations, in their desire of regional development, as well as the central or local governments have notably boosted the recovery of their rich and diverse heritage. A particular case is Priego de Cordoba’s Castle, a stronghold which was one of the most important monumental icons of the Andalusian period.Currently, this site is the main target of many architectural interventions and a model due to the implementation of last generation techniques in digital preservation. The local archaeological department promotes a large number of interventions and archaeological excavations. This has made a priority to get a qualitative geometrical 3D documentation, and therefore a constantly updated the point cloud (xyzRGB).This paper is focussed on presenting the results of the digital preservation process through 2D planimetry obtained from photogrammetric technics, 3D models, and geospatial data. These techniques are a previous step to large architectonical intervention planned in Priego de Cordoba’s Castle, in particular, the identified structures as Wall 1 and Tower 1.Two out of the three studied structures can be found in Wall 1. They correspond to a cobblestone pavement located in the rampart of the Wall 1, which is a post-medieval period; a double-stepped semi-underground path, excavated in the infill of the wall. The third structure studied in this paper consists of a well, which drills vertically the infill of the wall of the Tower 1. This feature is interpreted in the last research as a vertical well to place the weights of the clock sited in this tower until the 19th century.This work combines two techniques of geometric documentation to obtain a more complete point cloud. The terrestrial laser scanning, and the photogrammetry due to the higher colour performance, along with the completion of the point cloud obtained with the laser scanner. Along with this study, we will analyse the features which will better define the best technique to fit the documentation of the different structures. Their geometric characteristics, the incidence of sunlight or the accessibility will condition the use and choice of the technique.We have stated that there is software nowadays which makes it easier to access and consult the information through new computing hardware. Besides, we have highlighted the importance of knowledge and synergy from the different stakeholders implied (city council, technological centre and private companies). The final goal consists of making the society aware of the capital importance of digital preservation as well as dissemination of science.[ES] Uno de los principales objetivos de las políticas de gestión del patrimonio es promover las medidas encaminadas a la conservación, restauración y puesta en valor de los bienes culturales y arqueológicos. Para garantizarlo, las instituciones responsables deben promover acciones de difusión y transferencia del patrimonio cultural, así como fomentar actuaciones con el mayor rigor posible, desarrollando estudios científicos y técnicos que favorezcan y perfeccionen los métodos de intervención. Los recientes avances tecnológicos en campos como la fotogrametría, el escaneado láser terrestre y el modelado tridimensional (3D) han permitido una contribución significativa a la preservación digital y difusión del patrimonio arquitectónico. Uno de los iconos monumentales más importantes como fortaleza defensiva heredera del periodo andalusí es, sin duda, el Castillo de Priego de Córdoba. Actualmente, este enclavees foco de numerosas intervenciones arquitectónicas y referente por la aplicación de técnicas de última generación para la preservación digital. Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar los resultados del proceso de preservación digital mediante la utilización de planimetría 2D, modelos 3D y datos geoespaciales, como paso previo al inicio de la extensa intervención arquitectónica prevista sobre el Castillo de Priego de Córdoba, concretamente las estructuras identificadas como lienzo 1 y torre 1. Este proyecto pone en valor los conocimientos y sinergias de distintos entes intervinientes y agentes del conocimiento (Ayuntamiento, Centro Tecnológico y empresa privada) con el objetivo final de concienciar a la sociedad de la importancia de la conservación digital.Lo más destacado:La combinación de técnicas para la documentación 3D de diversas estructuras arqueológicas en función de su morfología.La inspección previa y la planificación como punto fuerte de la metodología propuesta influye notablemente tanto en la toma de datos como en la obtención de los resultados.Perfecta relación entre las características de la técnica y el procedimiento que contextualice la escala, situación y resolución final del elemento patrimonial objeto de estudio.Excmo. Ayuntamiento de Priego de Córdoba, Centro Tecnológico Metal-Mecánico de Linares.García-Molina, DF.; González-Merino, R.; Rodero-Pérez, J.; Carrasco-Hurtado, B. (2021). Documentación 3D para la conservación del patrimonio histórico: el castillo de Priego de Córdoba. Virtual Archaeology Review. 12(24):115-130. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2021.13671OJS1151301224Aguilar, E., Merino, D., & Migens, M. (2003). Cultura, políticas de desarrollo y turismo rural en el ámbito de la globalización. Horizontes antropológicos, 9(20), 161-183. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-71832003000200009Al-Kheder, S., Al-Shawabkeh, Y., & Haala, N. (2009). Developing a documentation system for desert palaces in Jordan using 3D laser scanning and digital photogrammetry. Journal of Archaeological Science, 36(2), 537-546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2008.10.009Almagro, A., Navarro, J. y Orihuela, A. (2008). Metodología en la conservación del patrimonio arquitectónico medieval. In C. Saiz-Jiménez, & M. A. Rogerio-Candela (Eds.), La Investigación sobre Patrimonio Cultural (pp. 87-98). Sevilla.Alshawabkeh, Y., El-Khalili, M., Almasri, E., Bala'awi, F., & Al-Massarweh, A. (2020). Heritage documentation using laser scanner and photogrammetry. The case study of Qasr Al-Abidit, Jordan. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, 16, e00133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.daach.2019.e00133Balletti, C., Guerra, F., Scocca, V., & Gottardi, C. (2015). 3D integrated methodologies for the documentation and the virtual reconstruction of an archaeological site. The International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 40(5), 215. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-5-W4-215-2015Carmona, R. (2008). La madina andalusí de Bˉaguh (Priego de Córdoba): Una aproximación arqueológica. Xelb, 9, 229-258.Carmona, R. (2018). Sobre arquitectura y armamento: el control arqueológico de las obras de consolidación de la Torre del Homenaje del castillo Priego de Córdoba (2016-2017). Antiquitas (30), 167-231.Carmona, R. & Carrillo, E. (2016). Arqueología entre los escombros: la limpieza del aljibe calatravo (siglos XIII-XIV) del castillo de Priego de Córdoba. Antiquitas, 28, 215-262.Carmona, R., Luna, D., & Moreno, A. (2002). Carta arqueológica municipal de Priego de Córdoba. Edición CD con cuadernillo, Sevilla.Carmona, R., Moreno, A., & Luna, D. (1998). Excavaciones arqueológicas en el castillo de Priego: informes de la Intervención Arqueológica de Urgencia de 1997. Antiquitas, 9, 101-128.Davis, A., Belton, D., Helmholz, P., Bourke, P., & McDonald, J. (2017). Pilbara rock art: laser scanning, photogrammetry and 3D photographic reconstruction as heritage management tools. Heritage Science, 5(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-017-0140-7Faro Laser Scanner Focus3D Manual (2011). FARO Technologies Inc., Lake Mary, FL.Fryer, J., Mitchell, H., & Chandler, J. H. (2007). Applications of 3D measurement from images: Whittles Publishing.García Molina, D. F., & Montes Tubío, F. P. (2012). El Láser-Escáner 3D aplicado al patrimonio arquitectónico de Priego de Córdoba: la Torre del Homenaje. Antiqvitas, (24), 277-302.Gil-Melitón, M., & Lerma, J. L. (2019). Patrimonio histórico militar: digitalización 3D de la espada nazarí atribuida a Ali Atar. Virtual Archaeoly Review, 10(20), 52-69. https://doi.org/10.4995/var.2019.10028Giner, J. M., & Santa María, M. J. (2000). La política de centros tecnológicos y de servicios: la experiencia de las regiones valenciana y Emilia-Romagna. Revista de Estudios Regionales, (57), 131-150.Giuliano, M. (2014). Cultural Heritage: An example of graphical documentation with automated photogrammetric systems. The International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 40(5), 251. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-5-251-2014Historic England (2017). Understanding the archaeology of landscapes. Swindon: Historic England.Jo, Y., & Kim, J. (2017). Three-Dimensional Digital Documentation of Heritage Sites Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Photogrammetry. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 42(2/W5). https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W5-395-2017Kjellman, E. (2012). From 2D to 3D: a photogrammetric revolution in archaeology? (Master's thesis, Universitetet i Tromsø).Lachat, E., Landes, T., & Grussenmeyer, P. (2019). Comparison of Point Cloud Registration Algorithms for Better Result Assessment-Towards An Open-source Solution. The International Archives of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Science, XLII-2, 551-558. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-551-2018Lerma, J. L. (2002). Fotogrametría moderna: analítica y digital. Valencia: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia.Lerma, J. L., Cabrelles, M., Navarro, S., & Seguí, A. E. (2013). Modelado fotorrealístico 3D a partir de procesos fotogramétricos: láser escáner versus imagen digital. Cuadernos de Arte Rupestre, 6, 85-90.Manferdini, A., & Galassi, M. (2013). Assessments for 3d reconstructions of cultural heritage using digital technologies. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 5, W1. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-5-W1-167-2013Mañana-Borrazás, P., Rodríguez Paz, A., & Blanco-Rotea, R. (2008). Una experiencia en la aplicación del Láser Escáner 3D a los procesos de documentación y análisis del Patrimonio Construido: su aplicación a Santa Eulalia de Bóveda (Lugo) y San Fiz de Solovio (Santiago de Compostela). Arqueología de la Arquitectura, (5), 15-32. https://doi.org/10.3989/arq.arqt.2008.87Marambio, A. E., & Garcia-Almirall, M. P. (2006). Escaner laser: modelo 3D y orto imágenes arquitectónicas de la iglesia de Santa María del Mar en Barcelona. ACE: Arquitectura, Ciudad y Entorno, núm. 2.Molero Alonso, B. (2017). Documentación geométrica y difusión digital de elementos arquitectónicos patrimoniales: Capiteles del Real Alcázar de Sevilla. (Tesis Doctoral Inédita). Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla.Moreno, A., Carmona, R., & Luna, D. (2003). Excavaciones arqueológicas en el castillo de Priego (Córdoba): informe de la Intervención Arqueológica Puntual de 2002-2003. Antiquitas, (15), 85-206.Riveiro, B., Armesto, J., Higinio, J., & Arias, P. (2011). Manual práctico de modelado 3D mediante escáner láser terrestre. Vigo: Universidad de Vigo.Valle Melón, J. M. (2006). Reflexiones sobre la Documentación Geométrica del Patrimonio. Papeles del Partal: Revista de Restauración Monumental (3), 6

Tromboembolismo pulmonar en el paciente con cáncer

Las enfermedades tromboembólicas venosas están asociadas al cáncer entre un 20 y un 30%. Además de los factores de riesgos de la población general en los pacientes oncológicos se asocian los relacionados con el tipo de tumor, el estadio tumoral y los asociados al tratamiento que incrementan el riesgo en hasta 6 veces en comparación con los pacientes sin cáncer. El diagnóstico se realiza de igual forma que en los pacientes sin cáncer, aunque es más frecuente la presentación asintomática. Se han creado escalas específicas para estos pacientes con el objetivo de aumentar la certeza en el diagnóstico. La aparición de tromboembolismo pulmonar en los pacientes oncológicos se asocia con mayor mortalidad.Venous thromboembolic diseases are associated with cancer between 20 and 30%. In cancer patients besides the risk factors of general population exist those related with the tumour type, the stage of the disease and the cancer treatment that increase the risk in 6-fold as compared with patients without cancer. In cancer patients the diagnosis of venous thromboembolic disease is done similarly than in patients without cancer, although in cancer patients is more frequent the asymptomatic presentation. Specific scales have been designed for these patients in order to increase the accuracy in diagnosis. Pulmonary embolism in oncologic patients have been associated with higher morbidity and mortality.Medicin

Speaking abouth the death

El sentido del siguiente artículo es dar a conocer una lectura familiar para muchos profesionales de los Cuidados y nueva para otros, a veces la intuición nos ha llevado a un cuidar mejor, apareciendo conceptos profesionales como: confianza, empatía, autonomía, cuidados y esperanza, que nos capacitan cada vez más para una relación terapéutica de calidad. Valoramos, como muy importante, conocer las distintas fases psicológicas por las que pasa el paciente terminal.The sense of the following article is to present a familiar reading for many professionals of cares and new for others, sometimes the intuition has taken us to improve the cares, appearing professional concepts as confidence, empathy, autonomy, cares and hope, that enable to us more and more for a therapeutic relation of quality. We valued, as very important, to know the psychological different phases through which passes the terminal patient