Utilitarismo y mediciones de pobreza

Este artículo muestra la relación entre el utilitarismo y las mediciones de pobreza. No obstante los esfuerzos por encontrar índices que superen las limitaciones del utilitarismo, aún conservan un profundo espíritu benthamiano. No ha sido posible romper la asociación entre porciones de riqueza y porciones de felicidad. Las medidas de pobreza recientes –como el índice de pobreza multidimensional– son complementarias, pero no sustitutas, de los índices basados en el ingreso, como la línea de pobreza. Como no ha sido posible romper con el utilitarismo, la mejor opción es retomar los aportes de esta escuela y, al mismo tiempo, aceptar el reto de ir más allá del utilitarismo. En vez de cantar victoria y declarar el fin del utilitarismo, es conveniente retomar algunos de sus mensajes centrales y buscar que la política pública procure efectivamente la mayor felicidad para el mayor número.bien-estar, utilitarismo, enfoque de capacidades, mediciones de pobreza, Sen, Harsanyi

Economía y equidad en el Plan Nacional de desarrollo 2010-2014: prosperidad para todos. más empleo, menos pobreza y más seguridad.

El artículo analiza las Bases del Plan de Desarrollo 2010-2014 teniendo como referente tres nociones de equidad: intergeneracional, social y regional. Los alcances de cada una de ellas son limitados. La equidad intergeneracional ve el ahorro únicamente desde la perspectiva financiera, desconociendo que la inversión presente quizá sea una mejor forma de protección frente al futuro. La equidad social da excesiva importancia a la competitividad y a la productividad, desconociendo el potencial de la generación keynesiana de empleo y, sobre todo, del impacto favorable de la distribución del ingreso y de la riqueza en la lucha contra la pobreza. Por su parte, la equidad regional, la parte más novedosa del Plan, se queda corta porque conforme a la definición de las regiones desconoce el potencial gravitacional de las interacciones entre las grandes ciudades y sus entornos.equidad, desarrollo regional, convergencia

Hurwicz y el juez de última instancia

When receiving the Nobel Prize, Hurwicz took up the question “who is watching the guards?” and considered two approaches. One pessimistic, inspired by Juvenal, which leads to an infinite sequence of guards, and one idealistic, derived from the Platonic dialogues. The guard cannot get drunk, and if he does, he should resign. Although this closure of first instance does not happen in the real world, neither does Juvenal’s pessimism make sense. Society always finds a reasonable closure instance, but this solution is suboptimal and is plagued with impurities and illegalities. The leading strategy may be part of a set of illegal alternatives. Implementation is successful if the equilibrium corresponds to the legislator’s purposes. Every implementation can be improved and it is never entirely successful. Implementation mechanisms determine how the social welfare function is reached, which affects at the same time the private property prices and the consumption structure, so the market configuration depends on the kind of implementation and how the close of the last instance is made.social welfare function, human relations, suboptimal equilibrium

La ilegalidad, los metaordenamientos y la metapreferencias

This paper parts from the work developed by Sen about metaorders and metapreferences to explain illegality as a rational problem. After showing the scope of this categories, the author exposes some limits of the benefit cost analysis of illegality. He continues suggesting that the concept of metapreferences contributes to understanding the fuzzy space that exists between legal and illegal frontiers, and between legitimacy and illegitimacy. González point out the necessity of a more detailed analysis of the way in which beliefs and desires shape individual and social preferences, if we don’t want to fall in simplistic explanations of illegality based on an arbitrary criteria of the good. He concludes too that the inconsistency of metapreferences can explain why more expenditures in security and justice don’t result in a reduction of impunity.illegality, collective rationality, wide rationality, metapreferences, metaorders

La dicotomía micro-macro no es pertinente

Professor González criticizes the separation of the microeconomic and the macroeconomics, he considers this inadequate not only from the theoretical point of view, but also from a pedagogical perspective. The first part of the article shows how economic theory has been built without differentiating micro from macro. For he the great authors do not separate them. The next part of the article shows the intrinsic fragilities of micro and it questions the pertinence of the microfoundation of macro; if micro is weak, then it cannot support the macro. The article ends by mentioning some important areas in contemporary economic discussion that could be studied without making such distinction.dichotomy micro-macro, microfoundation, Walras, Edgeworth, Keynes

Open and commercial tools to generate a digital interactive story in journalism: systematic review and features analysis

This is an Accepted Manuscript version, accepted for publication in New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia.The constant technological advances are transferred to the area of journalism with signi!cant contributions to the production of innovative formats adapted to the multimedia, interactive and multiplatform scenario. Since interactive narrative journalism is one of the trends of digital journalism, it is necessary to approach the o"er of services that facilitate the journalistic creation of dynamic and interactive journalistic contents. The main objective is to analyze web programs and applications for the creation and publication of interactive digital narratives. Based on the PRISMA systematic review methodology, a total of 15 programs and web applications were identi!ed after reading 28 articles and examination of 54 webpages with value in interactive digital journalism. Five are open-source applications, which invite the community to continue developing improvements that make these tools innovative and adaptable to future changes. Our study reveals the highly valued functionalities, such as the capacity for data analysis and teamwork, among others that allow the integration of 360° multimedia, the management of the interaction map, the preview in di"erent output formats, such as tablet or mobile. However, there is a lack of journalistic roles in these tools that let them coordinate and optimise the publication process to produce the !nal news.This article has been prepared within the framework of the project Digital-native media in Spain: Strategies, competencies, social involvement and (re)definition of practices in journalistic production and diffusion (PID2021-122534OB-C21), funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, the Spanish State Research Agency and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). The author Iván Otero-González is a beneficiary of predoctoral contracts for the training of doctors (PRE2019- 087367).S