Real-time Monitoring for the Next Core-Collapse Supernova in JUNO

Core-collapse supernova (CCSN) is one of the most energetic astrophysical events in the Universe. The early and prompt detection of neutrinos before (pre-SN) and during the SN burst is a unique opportunity to realize the multi-messenger observation of the CCSN events. In this work, we describe the monitoring concept and present the sensitivity of the system to the pre-SN and SN neutrinos at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), which is a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector under construction in South China. The real-time monitoring system is designed with both the prompt monitors on the electronic board and online monitors at the data acquisition stage, in order to ensure both the alert speed and alert coverage of progenitor stars. By assuming a false alert rate of 1 per year, this monitoring system can be sensitive to the pre-SN neutrinos up to the distance of about 1.6 (0.9) kpc and SN neutrinos up to about 370 (360) kpc for a progenitor mass of 30$M_{\odot}$ for the case of normal (inverted) mass ordering. The pointing ability of the CCSN is evaluated by using the accumulated event anisotropy of the inverse beta decay interactions from pre-SN or SN neutrinos, which, along with the early alert, can play important roles for the followup multi-messenger observations of the next Galactic or nearby extragalactic CCSN.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure

Advanced microflow manipulation strategy in paper-based microfluidics towards smart analytical chemistry: A concise review

Microfluidics has emerged as a rapidly growing field in recent years, offering numerous advantages over traditional methods for various applications such as biomedical analysis, environmental monitoring, and chemical synthesis. Among the many areas of microfluidics research, the manipulation of fluids plays a crucial role. In this review, the focus will be on recent advances in fluid manipulation techniques such as mixing, dilution, separation, accumulation, flow delay, and flow accelerations. Looking to the future, microfluidics research will continue to explore new ways to manipulate fluids in microscale environments. Challenges include the need for better integration of different manipulation techniques, such as combining mixing and separation techniques, and the development of more complex microfluidic systems. Additionally, advancements in material science will continue to play a critical role in improving the functionality of microfluidic devices. Despite these challenges, the potential for microfluidics to revolutionize various fields remains high, and ongoing research in this area is likely to continue to yield exciting new discoveries and innovations

Computed tomographic manifestations of celiac ganglia between hypertensive and non‐hypertensive population

Abstract The celiac ganglion (CG) is associated with the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The characteristics of the CG in patients with hypertension remain unknown. The aim of our study was to explore the differences in celiac ganglia (CGs) characteristics between hypertensive and non‐hypertensive populations using computed tomography (CT). CGs manifestations on multidetector row CT in 1003 patients with and without hypertension were retrospectively analyzed. The morphological characteristics and CT values of the left CGs were recorded. The CT values of the ipsilateral adrenal gland (AG) and crus of the diaphragm (CD) were also measured. The left CG was located between the left AG and CD, and most CGs were long strips. The frequency of visualization of the left CGs was higher in the hypertension group than in the non‐hypertension group (p  .05). Except for the left CG in the arterial phase, the CT values of the left CG and AG in the non‐hypertensive group were higher than those in the hypertension group (p < .05). The venous phase enhancement of the left CG in the non‐hypertension group was significantly higher than that in the hypertension group (p < .05). Our findings reveal that CGs have characteristic manifestations in the hypertensive population. As important targets of the SNS, CGs have the potential to regulate blood pressure