Application of Visual MODFLOW to the Analysis of Boundary Conditions for a Phreatic Porous Aquifer Using Limited Available Information: A Case Study

The increasing water demand, especially in developing regions, continuously puts pressure on groundwater resources both quantitatively and qualitatively. Hydrogeological modeling is a tool used in planning and management of groundwater resources. The factors that interfere in groundwater flow dynamics can be determined by developing a conceptual model and they can be validated via a numerical model. The objective of the manuscript is the hydrogeological groundwater flow modeling of the phreatic porous aquifer of the Ribeirão Candidópolis catchment in the Itabira municipality, State of Minas Gerais (Brazil). The software used in this study is GMS: MODFLOW, which enabled a steady state flow regime modeling by means of the Finite Difference Method (FDM) and the parameters calibration from a semi-transient approach. To assess the performance of the model, the Mean Error (ME), the Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were calculated. The results proved to be compatible with the values observed in the field. After several adjustments of the boundary conditions, a Normalized Root Mean Square (NRMS) of 9.648% and a correlation coefficient of 0.993 were obtained. Despite the economic importance of the study area, studies made available on groundwater flow behavior are rare. The results obtained via modeling are in accordance with the data observed in the field and consequently our model can be used in the study of water level changes

Avaliação de risco à saúde humana por contaminação natural de arsênio nas águas subterrâneas e nos solos da área urbana de Ouro Preto (MG)

This study was performed so as to make an assessment of human exposure to natural contamination by arsenic (As) in groundwaters and soils in the urban area of Ouro Preto, MG), Brazil, specifically in the Piedade, Taquaral, Padre Faria, Alto da Cruz, Antônio Dias, and Barra neighborhoods. In this study, the following items were estimated for the children and adult residents in these locations: (i) the values of daily ingested doses (DID) of As; (ii) the values for risk quotients (QRs) and (iii) the increase of the probability of developing cancer throughout life (RC), with mean content of As found in groundwaters varying from 10 to 77 µg.L-1 and, in the soils, from 332.75 to 656 mg.kg-1.Na avaliação da exposição humana à contaminação natural por arsênio (As) das águas subterrâneas e solos na área urbana da cidade de Ouro Preto, MG), nos bairros Piedade, Taquaral, Padre Faria, Alto da Cruz, Antônio Dias e Barra, foram estimados, para as crianças e adultos residentes nesses locais: (i) os valores das doses de ingestão diárias (DID) de As; (ii) os valores para os quocientes de risco (QRs) e (iii) o incremento da probabilidade de se desenvolver câncer ao longo da vida (RC), com teores médios de As encontrados nas águas subterrâneas, variando entre 10 e 77 µg.L-1 e, nos solos, de 332,75 e 656 mg.kg-1

Spatial Variability of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity in a Karstic Environmental Protection Area

Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) is a fundamental property to understand water and solute dynamics in saturated and unsaturated soils. The objective of this study is to present and assess the results of a statistical analysis of the data obtained from the determination of the permeability of a variety of soils (Argisols, Latosols, Gleysols, and Cambisols) of the Lagoa Santa Karst Environmental Protection Area (State of Minas Gerais, Brazil). Software R version 4.0.4 was used for the statistical analyses. Argisol, Cambisol, and Gleysol samples yielded normal conductivity distributions at depth, with mean values of 1.16 x 10-1 m/d, 6.14 x 10-2 m/d, and 1.95 x 10-3 m/d, respectively. Regarding the log-normal distributed Latosol samples P48 and P52 and Gleysol sample P54sup, it was concluded that probability, respectively of 85.72%, 96.55%, and 47.37%, exists for hydraulic conductivity values between 0.1 x 10-1 m/d and 4 x 10-1 m/d to occur. Studies or criteria to establish Ksat values that should be really representative of the whole study area have not been found. It was preferable to characterize Ksat in terms of levels of probability of occurrence rather than values, such as the mean or median, in order to represent an area that will be subject to the same water flow control operations (irrigation and drainage practices, leaching and erosion control, etc.). Therefore, it is not appropriate to assume a normal distribution of saturated hydraulic conductivity values for areas with the characteristics of Lagoa Santa

Balance hídrico de la microcuenca del Arroyo Seco en Caratinga, Minas Generales, Sudeste de Brasil

Com o objetivo de avaliar o balanço hídrico da microbacia do Córrego Seco no município de Caratinga, MG, foram realizados os cálculos hidrológicos usando o método de Thornthwaite - Mather. Esta pesquisa tem uma natureza quantitativa se tratando especificamente de um estudo de caso. O resultado do balanço hídrico demonstrou que os meses de maior evapotranspiração, ou seja, acima de 100 mm, foram os meses de janeiro, agosto, setembro, outubro e dezembro. Entre os meses de março a novembro ocorreram os maiores déficits hídricos caracterizando a estação seca, contudo as maiores precipitações ocorreram entre os meses de dezembro a fevereiro, caracterizando uma estação chuvosa, mais úmida, demonstrando que a área estudada apresenta duas estações bem distintas e definidas.With the purpose of evaluating the water balance of the dryland microculture in the municipality of Caratinga, MG, hydrological calculations are performed using the Thornthwaite - Mather method. This research is quantitative in nature and is specifically a case study. The result of the water balance has shown that the greatest months of evapotranspiration, decay, over 100 mm, took place in the months of January, August, September, October and December. Between the months of March and November occurred the largest water deficit characterizing the dry season, however the highest rainfall occurred between the months of December and February, featuring a rainy season, but humid, demonstrating that the studied area presents the well-differentiated parks and defined.Con el fin de evaluar el balance hídrico de la microcuenca del arroyo Seco en el municipio de Caratinga, MG, se realizaron los cálculos hidrológicos utilizando el método de Thornthwaite - Mather. Esta investigación es de naturaleza cuantitativa y es específicamente un estudio de caso. El resultado del balance hídrico demostró que los meses de mayor evapotranspiración, es decir, por encima de 100 mm, fueron los meses de enero, agosto, septiembre, octubre y diciembre. Entre los meses de marzo a noviembre ocurrieron los mayores déficit hídricos caracterizando la estación seca, sin embargo las mayores precipitaciones ocurrieron entre los meses de diciembre a febrero, caracterizando una estación lluviosa, más húmedo, demostrando que el área estudiada presenta dos estaciones bien diferenciadas y definidas

Reservas renováveis e caracterização dos aqüíferos fissurais do Leste da Zona da Mata de Minas Gerais e adjacências

The goal of this work is the hydrogeological characterization of the watersheds of the Pomba and Muriaé rivers, tributary of the Paraíba do Sul River, considering the existent quantitative correlation between the superficial and underground water. The studied hydrograms were based on data for daily average discharges at seven fluviometrical gauge stations: one in the Novo River, four in the Pomba River and two in the Muriaé River, located respectively at: a. Usina Maurício; b. Guarani; c. Astolfo Dutra; d. Cataguases; e. Santo Antônio de Padua; f. Patrocínio do Muriaé; g. Itaperuna. The specific underground discharge (L/s/km2) and the recession coefficient (a) of these stations were respectively: a. 12,3 / 0,00362; b. 13,7 / 0,00315; c. 12,8 / 0,00359; d. 12,6 / 0,00368; e. 10,9 / 0,00393; f. 9,9 / 0,00516; g. 10,8 / 0,00535. The results of the studied basins, for the specific underground discharge (L/s/km2) and for the recession coefficient (a) for the enumerated stations were respectively: a. 12,3 / 0,00362; b. 13,7 / 0,00315; c. 12,8 / 0,00359; d. 12,6 / 0,00368; e. 10,9 / 0,00393; f. 9,9 / 0,00516; g. 10,8 / 0,00535.O trabalho trata de uma caracterização hidrogeológica das bacias hidrográficas dos rios Pomba e Muriaé, tributários do rio Paraíba do Sul, considerando a correlação quantitativa existente entre as águas superficiais e as subterrâneas. Os hidrogramas analisados foram construídos com dados de descargas médias diárias em sete estações fluviométricas, sendo uma no rio Novo, quatro no rio Pomba e duas no rio Muriaé, localizadas respectivamente em: a. Usina Maurício; b. Guarani; c. Astolfo Dutra; d. Cataguases; e. Santo Antônio de Pádua; f. Patrocínio do Muriaé; g. Itaperuna. Para as bacias estudadas, os valores encontrados para a descarga subterrânea específica (L/s/km²) e do coeficiente de recessão (a) respectivamente para as estações enumeradas foram: a. 12,3 / 0,00362; b. 13,7 / 0,00315; c. 12,8 / 0,00359; d. 12,6 / 0,00368; e. 10,9 / 0,00393; f. 9,9 / 0,00516; g. 10,8 / 0,00535

ENGRENAGENS INTERNAS DO CONSELHO NACIONAL DE JUSTIÇA

This article analyzes the internal functioning of the organs that make up the Brazilian Judicial Council. The research, of a qualitative nature, is descriptive and uses the tools of bibliographic review and document analysis to highlight relevant mechanisms of the institution. The results indicate: i) that there are some spaces of power valued by the CNJ\u27s internal regulations, occupied by magistrates from the judicial leadership (Presidency, Internal Affairs and General Secretariat); ii) these valued spaces make it possible to control certain aspects of the agenda and the possibility of proposing norms; iii) the competences/attributions of the plenary are permeated by issues related to Independence, Accountability and Management of the Judiciary.      It is an effort to contribute to the agenda of studies on the Brazilian judicial council, particularly by exploring a prism still little debated by researchers in the area.O presente artigo analisa o funcionamento interno dos órgãos que integram o Conselho Nacional de Justiça (CNJ). A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, é descritiva e se utiliza das ferramentas de revisão bibliográfica e análise documental para evidenciar relevantes engrenagens da instituição. Os resultados indicam: i) que existem alguns espaços de poder valorizados pelo regimento interno do CNJ ocupados por magistrados da cúpula judicial (Presidência, Corregedoria e Secretaria-Geral); ii) esses espaços valorizados possibilitam controle de determinados aspectos da agenda e na possibilidade de propor normas; iii) as competências/atribuições do plenário são permeadas por questões atinentes à Independência, Accountability e Gestão do Judiciário. Trata-se de esforço para contribuir com a agenda de estudos sobre o conselho judicial brasileiro, particularmente por explorar um prisma ainda pouco debatido pelos pesquisadores da área

An application to enrich the study of auditory emotion recognition

The ability to recognize emotions in spoken words is central in human communication and social relationships. When studying one's ability to perceive emotions, the standard paradigm is to have listeners choose which one of several emotion words best characterizes linguistically neutral utterances made by actors attempting to portray various emotional states. Usually, generic experiment control software are used, which may present several limitations. In this paper we present a novel approach to the problem, based on a mobile application that can be easily configured by the researcher to set up the desired protocol. This approach not only facilitates and improves study design and data collection, but also provides a plethora of new variables about the participants that, to the best of our knowledge, have never been considered before in this domain, including behavioural research.This work has been supported by COMPETE: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043 and FCT - Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia under projects UID/CEC/00319/2013 and PTDC/MHN-PCN/3606/2012.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Interaction Between Surface and Underground Waters of the Itapemirim and Itabapoana River Basins in the Southern part of the State of Espírito Santo, Southeastern Brazil

Itapemirim River basin and part of the Itabapoana River basin are located in the southern area of the State of Espírito Santo, covering 26 municipalities. Knowledge of these basins’ hydrogeological characteristics provides information on the groundwater potential and the behavior of the river base flow during dry seasons. The objective of this study is to assess the relationship between surface and underground waters from the analysis of hydrograph units and information from tubular well logs. The Itabapoana River basin had the highest flow rates with mean specific capacity of 1415.1 m3 /h/m, while Itapemirim River basin wells yielded 0.6941 m3 /h/m. The percentage of underground discharge in relation to the total discharge exceeded 60% during all seasons in both basins

Health and comprehensive repair of peasant communities in territories of the São Francisco River transposition

A saúde é um complexo de situações de condições de vida alinhadas a contextos e lugares no tempo. O processo de reparação a partir do entendimento ampliado da saúde é um conjunto de direitos, ações e medidas protagonizadas por diferentes sujeitos nas diversas dimensões da vida. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as percepções e ações de reparação direcionadas a camponeses que sofreram perdas materiais e simbólicas no decurso das obras da transposição do Rio São Francisco, em Sertânia, Pernambuco. Trata-se de um estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa. Os sujeitos desta pesquisa foram camponeses maiores de 18 anos, sem especificação de sexo, residentes em três comunidades nas proximidades do canal Eixo Leste da transposição. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas nas comunidades e uma oficina participativa. Observou-se que há uma insuficiência no reconhecimento dos direitos de reparação pelos habitantes e, consequentemente, uma não efetivação das ações desenvolvidas nesse aspecto. As ações de reparação focaram compensações monetárias para a perda de bens materiais, porém sendo muitas vezes subdimensionadas ou até mesmo ausentes. É imprescindível que a reparação seja pensada na perspectiva da complexidade do caso, considerando todas as dimensões da saúde e da vida.Health is a complex of situations of living conditions aligned to contexts and places at a given time. The redress process based on the expanded understanding of health is a set of rights, actions, and measures carried out by different subjects in the different dimensions of life. This article aims to analyze the perceptions and redress actions directed to peasants who suffered material and symbolic losses during the transposition of the São Francisco River, in Sertânia, Pernambuco. This is a case study with a qualitative approach. The subjects of this research were peasants over 18 years of age, of without specifying gender, living in three peasant communities near the Eixo Leste of the transposition. Semi-structured interviews and a participatory workshop were carried out in the communities. An insufficiency in the recognition of reparation rights by the inhabitants and, consequently, a non-effectiveness of the actions developed to that end were observed. Remedial actions focused on monetary compensation from the loss of material goods, but were often undersized or even absent. It is essential that the repair be thought of from the perspective of the complexity of the case, considering all dimensions of health and life

Epidemiological situation of bovine brucellosis in the State of Sergipe, Brazil

Realizou-se um estudo para caracterizar a situação epidemiológica da brucelose bovina no Estado de Sergipe. O Estado foi estratificado em dois circuitos produtores. Em cada circuito produtor foram amostradas aleatoriamente cerca de 300 propriedades e, dentro dessas foi escolhido de forma aleatória um número pré-estabelecido de animais, dos quais foi obtida uma amostra de sangue. No total foram amostrados 4.757 animais, provenientes de 590 propriedades. Em cada propriedade amostrada foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico para verificar o tipo de exploração da propriedade e as práticas zootécnicas e sanitárias que poderiam estar associadas ao risco de infecção pela doença. O protocolo de testes utilizado foi o da triagem com o teste do antígeno acidificado tamponado e a confirmação dos positivos com o teste do 2-mercaptoetanol. O rebanho foi considerado positivo, se pelo menos um animal foi reagente às duas provas sorológicas. A prevalência de focos e a de animais foram: 12,6% [9,2-16,0%] e 3,4% [2,3-4,4%], respectivamente. As prevalências de focos e de animais infectados para os circuitos pecuários foram: circuito 1, 11,1% [7,9-15,0%] e 2,6% [1,6-3,5%]; circuito 2, 12,9% [9,1-17,6%] e 6,2% [3,0-9,5%]. Os fatores de risco (odds ratio, OR) associados à condição de foco foram: assistência veterinária (OR= 2,89 [1,15-7,23]), tamanho do rebanho ≥30 fêmeas adultas (OR= 1,88 [1,07-3,28]) e uso de inseminação artificial (OR= 1,92 [0,84-4,38]). _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTA study to characterize the epidemiological situation of bovine brucellosis in the State of Sergipe was carried out. The State was divided in two regions. Around three hundred herds were randomly sampled in each region and a pre-established number of animals were sampled in each of these herds. A total of 4,757 serum samples from 590 herds were collected. In each herd, it was applied an epidemiological questionnaire focused on herd traits as well as husbandry and sanitary practices that could be associated with the risk of infection. The serum samples were screened by the Rose-Bengal Test (RBT) and positive sera were re-tested by the 2-mercaptoethanol test (2-ME). The herd was considered positive if at least one animal was positive on both RBT and 2-ME tests. The prevalences of infected herds and animals in the State were, respectively: 12.6% [9.2-16.0%] and 3.4% [2.3-4.4%]. The prevalences of infected herds and animals in the regions were, respectively: region 1, 11.1% [7.9-15.0%] and 2.6% [1.6-3.5%]; and region 2, 12.9% [9.1-17.6%] and 6.2% [3.0-9.5%]. The risk factors associated with the presence of the infection were: veterinary assistance (OR= 2.89 [1.15-7.23]), herd size ≥30 adult females (OR= 1.88 [1.07-3.28]), and use of artificial insemination (OR=1.92 [0.84-4.38])