Holistic Approach to the Restoration of a Vandalized Monument: The Cross of the Inquisition, Seville City Hall, Spain

The Cross of the Inquisition, sculpted in 1903 and raised on a column with a fluted shaft and ornamented with vegetable garlands, is located in a corner of the Plateresque façade of the Seville City Hall. The Cross was vandalized in September 2019 and the restoration concluded in September 2021. A geological and microbiological study was carried out in a few small fragments. The data are consistent with the exposure of the Cross of the Inquisition to an urban environment for more than 100 years. During that time, a lichen community colonized the Cross and the nearby City Hall façades. The lichens, bryophytes and fungi colonizing the limestone surface composed an urban community, regenerated from the remains of the original communities, after superficial cleaning of the limestone between 2008 and 2010. This biological activity was detrimental to the integrity of the limestone, as showed by the pitting and channels, which evidence the lytic activity of organisms on the stone surface. Stone consolidation was achieved with Estel 1000. Preventol RI80, a biocide able to penetrate the porous limestone and active against bacteria, fungi, lichens, and bryophytes, was applied in the restoration.The research was funded by Atelier Samthiago and the restoration of the Cross of the Inquisition was supported by the Seville City Hall

Líquenes epífitos de Abies Alba, pinus sylvestris y p. uncinata, en la collada de Toses (Girona)

En el presente trabajo, hacemos una comparación de la flora liquénica corticícola de Abies alba, Pinus sylvestris y P. uncinata; en una única localidad (Collada de Toses, Girona, DG 18). Basamos la comparación, en la presencia-ausencia de las especies y en el espectro fisionómico de cada forófito

Integration of multi-archive datasets for the development of a four-dimensional paleoflood model of alpine catchments

Both natural and documentary evidence of severe and catastrophic floods are of tremendous value for completing multidimensional flood calendars, as well as for mapping the most extreme riverine flooding phenomena in a river basin, over centennial and millennial time scales. Here, the integration of multi-archive flood series from the Hasli-Aare, Lutschine, Kander, Simme, Lombach, and Eistlenbach catchments in the Bernese Alps constitutes a unique approach to the reconstruction of flooding events over the last six centuries and to the development of a temporal-spatial model of past flood behavior. Different types of flood archive, be they of natural or anthropogenic origin, record different processes and legacies of these physical phenomena. In this study, paleoflood records obtained from floodplains (four flood series) and lake sediments (four series), together with documentary data (six series), were analyzed and compared with instrumental measurements (four series) and the profiles of lichenometric-dated flood heights (four series) to i) determine common flood pulses, ii) identify events that are out-of-phase, iii) investigate the sensitivity of the different natural archives to flood drivers and forcing, iv) locate past flooding in an alpine region of 2117 km(2), and v) simulate atmospheric modes of climate variability during flood-rich periods from 1400 to 2005 CE. Asynchronous flood response across the sites is attributed to differences in their local hydrologic regimes, influenced by (i) their physiographic parameters, including size, altitude, storage capacity and connectivity of basins, and (ii) their climate parameters, including type, spatial distribution, duration, and intensity of precipitation. The most accurate, continuous series, corresponding to the period from 1400 to 2005 CE, were integrated into a synthetic flood master curve that defines ten dominant flood pulses. Six of these correspond to cooler climate pulses (around 1480, 1570, 1760, 1830, 1850 and 1870 CE), three to intermediate temperatures (around 1410, 1650 and 1710 CE), while the most recent corresponds to the current pulse of Global Warming (2005 CE). Furthermore, five coincide with the positive mode of the Summer North Atlantic Oscillation, characterized by a strong blocking anticyclone between the Scandinavia Peninsula and Great Britain. For two of the most catastrophic flood events in the Bernese Alps (those of 1762 and 1831 CE), the location and magnitude of all the flood records compiled were plotted to provide an accurate mapping of the spatial pattern of flooding. This was then compared to the pattern of atmospheric variability. The comprehensive 4-D picture of paleofloods thus achieved should facilitate an in-depth understanding of the floods and flood forcing in mountain catchments

[Sumario de todo el processo de denunciacion dada por parte del ... Conde de Aranda y ... Marqueses de Cerralbo y de San Leonardo contra ... Iuan Bautista Gomez Raxo ... lugartenientes ... de la Corte del ... Iusticia de Aragon en el processo ... Caroli de Espes & aliorum super civili ].

Enc. perg.Tít. tomado de p. 1 y precedido de cruz de malta.En p. 1 consta el año 1664.Sign.: A-Z2.Sello: "Instituto y Provª de Huesca. Biblioteca