Defining And Measuring Green FDI: An Exploratory Review Of Existing Work And Evidence

This paper was developed at the request of the OECD Working Party of the Investment Committee to document efforts to date to define and measure green FDI and to investigate the practicability of various possible definitions, as well as to identify investment policy restrictions to green FDI. It does so by reviewing the literature and existing work on the contributions of FDI to the environment; by providing a two-part definition of green FDI; and by discussing various assumptions necessary to estimate the magnitude of \u27green\u27 FDI

Off line Parallax Correction for Neutral Particle Gas Detectors

In a neutral particle gas detector, the parallax error resulting from the perpendicular projection on the detection plane or wire of the radial particle trajectories emanating from a point like source (such as a scattering sample) can significantly spoil the apparent angular resolution of the detector. However, as we will show, the information is not lost. We propose an off line data treatment to restore as much as possible the original scattering information in the case of a one-dimensional parallax effect. The reversibility of parallax follows from the algebraic structure of this effect, which is different from the resolution loss which is essentially irreversible. The interplay between finite resolution and parallax complicates the issue, but this can be resolved

Щодо розрахунку релаксації напружень в тонкостінних циліндричних оболонках із лінійно-в'язкопружних матеріалів

The problems of stress relaxation analysis in thin-walled cylindrical shells made of linear viscoelastic materials under uniaxial and biaxial loading have been solved. The analysis is based on a there-dimensional model of viscoelasticity starting from the hypothesis of the deviators proportionality. The viscoelastic properties of a material are given with relationships that establish the dependence between stress and strain intensities as well as between the mean stress and volumetric strain by the Bolzmann-Volterra type equation. The kernels of relaxation intensity and volumetric relaxation are given with the Rabotnov exponential-fractional functions. The parameters of relaxation kernels are determined from creep test result using the relationships between creep kernels under the complex stress state and creep kernels under the one- dimensional stress state. The problems of the analysis of normal and tangential stresses relaxation in thin-walled cylindrical shells made of high density polyethylene “ПЭВП” under uniaxial tension, pure torsion and combined tension with torsion loading have been solved and experimentally approved. Pages of the article in the issue: 29 - 34 Language of the article: UkrainianРозв’язуються задачі розрахунку релаксації напружень у тонкостінних циліндричних оболонках з лінійно-в’язкопружних матеріалів за умов одновісного та двовісного навантаження. Розв’язки будуються на основі тривимірної моделі в'язкопружності виходячи з гіпотези пропорційності девіаторів. В'язкопружні властивості матеріалу задаються співвідношеннями, що встановлюють залежність між інтенсивностями напружень і деформацій та між середнім напруженням й об'ємною деформацією у формі Bolzmann-Volterra. Ядра інтенсивності релаксації та об'ємної релаксації задаються дробово-експоненційними функціями Работнова. Параметри ядер релаксації визначаються за результатами випробувань на повзучість із використанням залежностей між ядрами повзучості за умов складного напруженого стану і ядрами повзучості за умов одновимірного напруженого стану. Розв’язано та експериментально апробовано задачі розрахунку релаксації нормальних та дотичних напружень у тонкостінних циліндричних оболонках з „полиэтилена высокой плотности ПЭВП” за умов одновісного розтягу, чистого кручення та комбінованого навантаження розтягом із крученням

Computing the ground state solution of Bose-Einstein condensates by a normalized gradient flow

In this paper, we prove the energy diminishing of a normalized gradient flow which provides a mathematical justification of the imaginary time method used in physical literatures to compute the ground state solution of Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC). We also investigate the energy diminishing property for the discretization of the normalized gradient flow. Two numerical methods are proposed for such discretizations: one is the backward Euler centered finite difference (BEFD), the other one is an explicit time-splitting sine-spectral (TSSP) method. Energy diminishing for BEFD and TSSP for linear case, and monotonicity for BEFD for both linear and nonlinear cases are proven. Comparison between the two methods and existing methods, e.g. Crank-Nicolson finite difference (CNFD) or forward Euler finite difference (FEFD), shows that BEFD and TSSP are much better in terms of preserving energy diminishing property of the normalized gradient flow. Numerical results in 1d, 2d and 3d with magnetic trap confinement potential, as well as a potential of a stirrer corresponding to a far-blue detuned Gaussian laser beam are reported to demonstrate the effectiveness of BEFD and TSSP methods. Furthermore we observe that the normalized gradient flow can also be applied directly to compute the first excited state solution in BEC when the initial data is chosen as an odd function.Comment: 28 pages, 6 figure

Gravitationally enhanced depolarization of ultracold neutrons in magnetic-field gradients

Trapped ultracold neutrons (UCN) have for many years been the mainstay of experiments to search for the electric dipole moment (EDM) of the neutron, a critical parameter in constraining scenarios of new physics beyond the Standard Model. Because their energies are so low, UCN preferentially populate the lower region of their physical enclosure, and do not sample uniformly the ambient magnetic field throughout the storage volume. This leads to a substantial increase in the rate of depolarization, as well as to shifts in the measured frequency of the stored neutrons. Consequences for EDM measurements are discussed

A Fast and Efficient Algorithm for Slater Determinant Updates in Quantum Monte Carlo Simulations

We present an efficient low-rank updating algorithm for updating the trial wavefunctions used in Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulations. The algorithm is based on low-rank updating of the Slater determinants. In particular, the computational complexity of the algorithm is O(kN) during the k-th step compared with traditional algorithms that require O(N^2) computations, where N is the system size. For single determinant trial wavefunctions the new algorithm is faster than the traditional O(N^2) Sherman-Morrison algorithm for up to O(N) updates. For multideterminant configuration-interaction type trial wavefunctions of M+1 determinants, the new algorithm is significantly more efficient, saving both O(MN^2) work and O(MN^2) storage. The algorithm enables more accurate and significantly more efficient QMC calculations using configuration interaction type wavefunctions

Interaction-assisted propagation of Coulomb-correlated electron-hole pairs in disordered semiconductors

A two-band model of a disordered semiconductor is used to analyze dynamical interaction induced weakening of localization in a system that is accessible to experimental verification. The results show a dependence on the sign of the two-particle interaction and on the optical excitation energy of the Coulomb-correlated electron-hole pair.Comment: 4 pages and 3 ps figure

Algorithms and literate programs for weighted low-rank approximation with missing data

Linear models identification from data with missing values is posed as a weighted low-rank approximation problem with weights related to the missing values equal to zero. Alternating projections and variable projections methods for solving the resulting problem are outlined and implemented in a literate programming style, using Matlab/Octave's scripting language. The methods are evaluated on synthetic data and real data from the MovieLens data sets

Growth mechanisms of perturbations in boundary layers over a compliant wall

The temporal modal and nonmodal growth of three-dimensional perturbations in the boundary-layer flow over an infinite compliant flat wall is considered. Using a wall-normal velocity/wall-normal vorticity formalism, the dynamic boundary condition at the compliant wall admits a linear dependence on the eigenvalue parameter, as compared to a quadratic one in the canonical formulation of the problem. This greatly simplifies the accurate calculation of the continuous spectrum by means of a spectral method, thereby yielding a very effective filtering of the pseudospectra as well as a clear identification of instability regions. The regime of global instability is found to be matching the regime of the favorable phase of the forcing by the flow on the compliant wall so as to enhance the amplitude of the wall. An energy-budget analysis for the least-decaying hydroelastic (static-divergence, traveling-wave-flutter and near-stationary transitional) and Tollmien--Schlichting modes in the parameter space reveals the primary routes of energy flow. Moreover, the flow exhibits a slower transient growth for the maximum growth rate of a superposition of streamwise-independent modes due to a complex dependence of the wall-boundary condition with the Reynolds number. The initial and optimal perturbations are compared with the boundary-layer flow over a solid wall; differences and similarities are discussed. Unlike the solid-wall case, viscosity plays a pivotal role in the transient growth. A slowdown of the maximum growth rate with the Reynolds number is uncovered and found to originate in the transition of the fluid-solid interaction from a two-way to a one-way coupling. Finally, a term-by-term energy budget analysis is performed to identify the key contributors to the transient growth mechanism