Extracellular vesicle-based therapeutics: Preclinical and clinical investigations

Drug nanoformulations hold remarkable promise for the efficient delivery of therapeutics to a disease site. Unfortunately, artificial nanocarriers, mostly liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles, show limited applications due to the unfavorable pharmacokinetics and rapid clearance from the blood circulation by the reticuloendothelial system (RES). Besides, many of them have high cytotoxicity, low biodegradability, and the inability to cross biological barriers, including the blood brain barrier. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are novel candidates for drug delivery systems with high bioavailability, exceptional biocompatibility, and low immunogenicity. They provide a means for intercellular communication and the transmission of bioactive compounds to targeted tissues, cells, and organs. These features have made them increasingly attractive as a therapeutic platform in recent years. However, there are many obstacles to designing EV-based therapeutics. In this review, we will outline the main hurdles and limitations for therapeutic and clinical applications of drug loaded EV formulations and describe various attempts to solve these problems

АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВЫХ АКТОВ В СФЕРЕ ЗАКУПОК ОТДЕЛЬНЫМИ ВИДАМИ ЮРИДИЧЕСКИХ ЛИЦ

The purpose of this article is to analyze the current legislation in the field of procurement of certain types of legal entities for compliance with the established requirements for information that should be contained in the Procurement Plan. Particular attention is paid to information concerning non-competitive procurements. The relevance of the topic is due to the presence of objective reasons for closing purchases carried out by the sole supplier method, as well as the need to improve the current regulatory framework that creates legal uncertainty in the formation of the Procurement Plan.Целью настоящей статьи является анализ действующего законодательства в сфере закупок отдельными видами юридических лиц на предмет соответствия установленным требованиям к информации, которая должна содержаться в Плане закупок. Особое внимание уделяется сведениям о закупках неконкурентными способами. Актуальность темы обусловлена наличием объективных причин для закрытия закупок, осуществляемых способом «у единственного поставщика», а также необходимостью совершенствования действующей нормативной базы, создающей правовую неопределенность при формировании плана закупок