The Effect of Endozym β-split, a Commercial Enzyme Preparation Used for Aroma Release, on Tannat Wine Glycosides

Commercial preparations with glycosidase activities are used to enhance wine aroma, but they arenot extensively characterized. The aim of this work was to study the effect of three enzymes on aromaimprovement in Tannat red wine. After the selection of the most appropriate enzyme for further testing,its effectiveness on the hydrolysis of the total glycosides present in Tannat wine was measured. The threepreparations showed high β-glucosidase and α-arabinosidase activities (in the range of 10 to 174 U/mL orU/g), but very low levels of α-rhamnosidase (less than 1 U/mL). The β-glucosidases studied remained activein the presence of Tannat wine. The selected enzyme, Endozym β-split, supplemented with α-rhamnosidase,resulted in almost 30% hydrolysis of the glycosides in Tannat wine, when added at a concentration higherthan that recommended by the manufacturers. A sensory evaluation showed that the enzyme-treated wineswere significantly different from the controls, suggesting that at least a part of the hydrolyzed glycosidesin the Tannat wine were aroma precursors. However, it cannot be assumed that all commercial enzymeswould be effective in hydrolyzing aroma precursors just because they show glycosidase activities. Higherconcentrations of Endozym β-split than that recommended by the manufacturer are necessary to reachan appreciable level of glycoside hydrolysis. Supplementation of Endozym β-split with α-rhamnosidase isrecommended in this enzyme – wine system for the greater release of the aroma from the glycosidicallyboundprecursors

High precision Monte Carlo study of the 3D XY-universality class

We present a Monte Carlo study of the two-component $\phi^4$ model on the simple cubic lattice in three dimensions. By suitable tuning of the coupling constant $\lambda$ we eliminate leading order corrections to scaling. High statistics simulations using finite size scaling techniques yield $\nu=0.6723(3)[8]$ and $\eta=0.0381(2)[2]$, where the statistical and systematical errors are given in the first and second bracket, respectively. These results are more precise than any previous theoretical estimate of the critical exponents for the 3D XY universality class.Comment: 13 page

A Monte Carlo study of leading order scaling corrections of phi^4 theory on a three dimensional lattice

We present a Monte Carlo study of the one-component $\phi^4$ model on the cubic lattice in three dimensions. Leading order scaling corrections are studied using the finite size scaling method. We compute the corrections to scaling exponent $\omega$ with high precision. We determine the value of the coupling $\lambda$ at which leading order corrections to scaling vanish. Using this result we obtain estimates for critical exponents that are more precise than those obtained with field theoretic methods.Comment: 20 pages, two figures; numbers cited from ref. 23 corrected, few typos correcte

Equation of State for Helium-4 from Microphysics

We compute the free energy of helium-4 near the lambda transition based on an exact renormalization-group equation. An approximate solution permits the determination of universal and nonuniversal thermodynamic properties starting from the microphysics of the two-particle interactions. The method does not suffer from infrared divergences. The critical chemical potential agrees with experiment. This supports a specific formulation of the functional integral that we have proposed recently. Our results for the equation of state reproduce the observed qualitative behavior. Despite certain quantitative shortcomings of our approximation, this demonstrates that ab initio calculations for collective phenomena become possible by modern renormalization-group methods.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, revtex updated version, journal referenc

Vortex Loop Phase Transitions in Liquid Helium, Cosmic Strings, and High-T_c Superconductors

The distribution of thermally excited vortex loops near a superfluid phase transition is calculated from a renormalized theory. The number density of loops with a given perimeter is found to change from exponential decay with increasing perimeter to algebraic decay as T_c is approached, in agreement with recent simulations of both cosmic strings and high-T_c superconductors. Predictions of the value of the exponent of the algebraic decay at T_c and of critical behavior in the vortex density are confirmed by the simulations, giving strong support to the vortex-folding model proposed by Shenoy.Comment: Version to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett, with a number of corrections and addition