A co-integration analysis of the price and income elasticities of energy demand in Turkish agriculture

WOS: 000290237600019Agriculture has an important role in every country's development. Particularly, the contribution of agriculture to development and competitiveness is increasing with agricultural productivity growth. Productivity, in turn, is closely associated with direct and indirect use of energy as an input. Therefore, the importance of energy in agriculture cannot be denied as one of the basic inputs to the economic growth process. Following the importance of energy in Turkish agriculture, this study aims to estimate the long- and short-run relationship of energy consumption, agricultural GDP, and energy prices via co-integration and error correction (ECM) analysis. Annual data from 1970 to 2008 for diesel and electricity consumptions are utilized to estimate long-run and short-run elasticities. According to ECM analysis, for the diesel demand model, the long-run income and price elasticities were calculated as 1.47 and -0.38, respectively. For the electricity demand model, income and price elasticities were calculated at 0.19 and -0.72, respectively, in the long run. Briefly, in Turkey, support for energy use in agriculture should be continued in order to ensure sustainability in agriculture, increase competitiveness in international markets, and balance farmers' income. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

ANALYTIC STUDY OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS' NUTRITIONAL HABITS AND ATTITUDES AS A PART OF SOCIETY IN TURKEY

Abstract The importance of proper nutrition as one of the enhancing nutrition attitudes, knowledge and important aspects of lifestyle were emphasized in the practices of students which has high importance, because recent years and the trend towards healthier diets subsequently will lead to more food-conscious increased. The aim of this research is to understanding the nutrition knowledge, attitude and food habits of students at higher education programmes. This study has been carried out using subjects of 618 students consisting of 237 female and 381 male students attend from the educational programs present at the Namik Kemal University .A Likert type scale was used to evaluate each of the questions. The collected data was analysed by t-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient (P<0.05). In addition, this result supported by principal component analysis (PCA), descriptive statistical analysis which students' attitudes on nutritional habits. In research there was significant differences in the knowledge level between students of different departments (F=3.06; p<0.001). Principal component analysis was used to identify four main dietary patterns, and analysis of variance employed to examine the characteristics associated with them. Factor analysis reduced the 15 independent variables into four factor groups. This paper provides a unique insight into a wide range of nutritional habits among young's' in Turkey (e.g. vegetables, fast foods, milk products etc.-related) and reflects on the responses obtained from policy makers' towards food habits in Turkey