A Case of Serious Adverse Reaction Following Rabies Vaccination

10.1177/2333794X18817143Global Pediatric Health

Efficacy of metered-dose inhalers for children with acute asthma exacerbations

10.1002/ppul.21384Pediatric Pulmonology465421-427PEPU

Epinephrine auto-injector prescriptions as a reflection of the pattern of anaphylaxis in an Asian population

10.2500/aap.2008.29.3102Allergy and Asthma Proceedings292211-21

Differences between peptide profiles of extensive hydrolysates and their influence on functionality for the management of cow's milk allergy: a short review

Extensively hydrolyzed formulas (eHFs) are recommended for the dietary management of cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) in non-exclusively breastfed infants. Studies show that peptide profiles differ between eHFs. This short review aims to highlight the variability in peptides and their ability to influence allergenicity and possibly the induction of tolerance by different eHFs. The differences between eHFs are determined by the source of the protein fraction (casein or whey), peptide size-distribution profile and residual β-lactoglobulin which is the most immunogenic and allergenic protein in bovine milk for human infants as it is not present in human breastmilk. These differences occur from the hydrolyzation process which result in variable IgE reactivity against cow's milk allergen epitopes by subjects with CMPA and differences in the Th1, Th2 and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses elicited. They also have different effects on gut barrier integrity. Results suggest that one particular eHF-casein had the least allergenic potential due to its low residual allergenic epitope content and demonstrated the greatest effect on restoring gut barrier integrity by its effects on mucin 5AC, occludin and Zona Occludens-1 in human enterocytes. It also increased the production of the tolerogenic cytokines Il-10 and IFN-γ. In addition, recent studies documented promising effects of optional functional ingredients such as pre-, pro- and synbiotics on the management of cow's milk allergy and induction of tolerance, in part via the induction of the production of short chain fatty acids. This review highlights differences in the residual allergenicity, peptide size distribution, presence of optional functional ingredients and overall functionality of several well-characterized eHFs which can impact the management of CMPA and the ability to induce immune tolerance to cow's milk protein

Early childcare enrollment and childhood wheezing phenotypes

10.1111/pai.12983Pediatric Allergy and Immunology301122-127PALUEGUSTO (Growing up towards Healthy Outcomes

Ratio of Klebsiella/Bifidobacterium in early life correlates with later development of paediatric allergy

10.3920/BM2017.0020Beneficial Microbes85681-695GUSTO (Growing up towards Healthy Outcomes

Ratio of Klebsiella/Biffidobacterium in early life correlates with later development of paediatric allergy

Several studies have reported that intestinal microbial colonisation patterns differ between non-allergic and allergic infants. However, the microbial signature underlying the pathogenesis of allergies remains unclear. We aim to gain insight into the development of the intestinal microbiota of healthy infants and infants who develop allergy in early life, and identify potential microbiota biomarkers of later allergic disease. Using a case-control design in a Chinese sub-cohort of a Singaporean birth cohort (GUSTO), we utilised 16S rRNA gene sequencing to assess intestinal microbial composition and diversity of 21 allergic and 18 healthy infants at 3 weeks, 3 months and 6 months of age, and correlated the microbiota with allergy at ages 18 and 36 months. Pronounced differences in intestinal microbiota composition between allergic and healthy infants were observed at 3 months of age. The intestine of healthy infants was colonised with higher abundance of commensal Bifidobacterium. Conversely, Klebsiella, an opportunistic pathogen, was significantly enriched in the allergic infants. Interestingly, infants with a high Klebsiella/Bifidobacterium (K/B) ratio (above the population median K/B ratio) at age 3 months had an odds ratio of developing allergy by 3 years of age of 9.00 (95% confidence interval 1.46-55.50) compared to those with low K/B ratio. This study demonstrated a relationship between the ratio of genera Klebsiella and Bifidobacterium during early infancy and development of paediatric allergy in childhood. Our study postulates that an elevated K/B ratio in early infancy could be a potential indicator of an increased risk of allergy development. This line of research might enable future intervention strategies in early life to prevent or treat allergy. Our study provides new insights into microbial signatures associated with childhood allergy, in particular, suggests that an elevated K/B ratio could be a potential early-life microbiota biomarker of allergic disease

Associations Between Maternal Distress During Early Life Periods and Offspring Respiratory Infections and Allergic Outcomes

10.3389/fped.2022.749323Frontiers in Pediatrics1074932

Household environmental microbiota influences early-life eczema development

10.1111/1462-2920.15684Environmental MicrobiologyENMI

Role of maternal tryptophan metabolism in allergic diseases in the offspring

10.1111/cea.13953Clinical and Experimental AllergyCLEA