A rare case of squamous cell carcinoma of the scrotum with infiltration into penis

Squamous cell carcinoma of the scrotum is a tumour that is of interest for clinical and historical reasons.This is a rare case of carcinoma of scrotum invading the penis.We describe, a case of  scrotal and penile squamous cell carcinoma. An old case of balanitis xerotica obliterans for which he had undergone Johannson’s urethroplasty earlier.&nbsp

Case report: multiple gastric adenomatous polyps- a rare occurrence

Multiple gastric polyps usually occur as a part of multiple polyposis syndrome of the gut. Multiple gastric polyps are rarely encountered in general surgical practice, with an incidence of <1% including those detected incidentally. Most common multiple gastric polyps are hyperplastic polyps. Multiple adenomatous gastric polyps without polyps anywhere else in gut is a very rare occurrence. Aggressive approach with total gastrectomy should be done to all cases of multiple adenomatous gastric polyps due to the high chances of developing cancer even if it localised

Accuracy of intra-operative imprint smears in breast tumours: A study of 40 cases with review of literature

Context: Imprint smears are invaluable diagnostic tool for intra-operative evaluation of breast tumours. Aims: The aim of this study was (1) to evaluate the accuracy of intra-operative imprint smears in breast tumours. (2) to compare the results with that of published literature on imprint smears of breast tumours. Materials and Methods: 40 cases of breast tumours underwent intra-operative imprint smears between March 2003 to April 2004, the results of which were compared to the post-operative final histopathological sections. Statistical Analysis Used: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated. Results: Of the 40 cases, 21 were malignant and 19 were benign. The accuracy rate for benign lesions was 100% and that for malignant lesions was 97.5% with a false negative rate of 2.5%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 95.24%, 100%, 100% and 95% respectively. Conclusions: Intra-operative imprint smears like frozen sections help in on table diagnosis, wherein the fine needle aspiration cytology is inconclusive or suspicious. Imprint smears is a simple, accurate, rapid and cost-effective diagnostic tool, intra-operatively wherein facilities for frozen section are not available

A study of dynamic foot pressure measurement in diabetic patients

Introduction: Diabetic foot ulcer is a major source of morbidity and a leading cause of hospitalization. It is estimated that approximately 20% of hospital admissions among patients with diabetes mellitus are due to diabetic foot ulcer. It can lead to infection, gangrene, amputation, and even death if appropriate care is not provided. Overall, the lower limb amputation in diabetic patients is 15 times higher than in non-diabetics. In the majority of cases, the cause for the foot ulcer is the altered architecture of the foot due to neuropathy resulting in abnormal pressure points on the soles. Purpose: The aim of this study is to develop low cost, lightweight foot pressure scanner and check its reliability and validity which can help to prevent foot ulceration. Design/Methodology/Approach: In the present study, a low cost, lightweight foot pressure scanner is developed, and dynamic plantar pressures in a group of 110 Indian patients with diabetes with or without neuropathy and foot ulcers are measured. Practical Implications: If these pressure points can be detected, ulcers can be prevented by providing offloading footwear. Originality/Value: Differences are found in dynamic foot pressures in different study groups, namely, diabetic patients, patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy, patients with foot ulcers, and nondiabetics. The differences are significant (P < 0.01), which showed the validity of the tool. Reliability and consistency of the tool was checked by test–retest method. Paper Type: Original Research work. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it is concluded that the scanner is successfully developed and it can measure foot pressures. It is a novel device to proactively monitor foot health in diabetics in an effort to prevent and reduce diabetic foot complications

Clinicopathological predictors of extent of cervical lymph node metastases in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of mandibular gingivobuccal sulcus

Introduction: Locally advanced mandibular gingivobuccal sulcus (GBS) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has variable extent of cervical lymph node metastasis. Tumor thickness reliably predicts cervical lymph node metastases in early oral SCC, its reliability in predicting the extent of neck-node positivity in locally advanced GBS SCC is poorly studied. Objectives: The objective of this study is to study the association of extent of neck-node metastases with gross tumor thickness (GTT), preoperative histological differentiation (HD), and presence of clinical skin infiltration (CSI) in locally advanced SCC of mandibular GBS. Methodology: Biopsy-proven patients with locally advanced SCC of mandibular GBS, underwent composite resection with neck dissection from Level V to Level I, from January 2012 to February 2016 were included in this study. The intraoperative GTT was measured, the HD of primary tumor and presence of CSI were noted. Specimens were grossed as per guidelines established by the Royal College of Pathologists. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22, Chi-square test, and Spearman's Rank correlation test. Results: In 130 patients, with gross tumor thickness >1 cm in 64 (49%) and 1 cm, moderate-poor HD on biopsy, and presence of CSI were associated with extensive ipsilateral cervical lymph node metastases including Levels IV and V. These factors can help in predicting the extent of the neck dissection