Czy prospołeczność i postawa wobec whistleblowingu w organizacjach zmienia się z wiekiem pracowników? – raport z badań

Whistleblowing, defined as disclosure by organization members of illegal, immoral or illegitimate prac- tices, which occur in the organization, is nowadays important subject of research, taking into account its impact on the functioning of the companies. Presented study is one of the first ones to raise this issue in the context of the Polish organizations. The aim of this study was to verify the existence of the relationship between prosociality and attitudes towards whistleblowing and to explore whether workers age may significantly change prosocial orientation and attitudes towards reporting irregularities. The study was conducted among 129 workers from different organizations. Results indicated that prosocially oriented employees have more positive attitudes towards whistleblowing than others. Further, attitudes towards whistleblowing varied in different age groups - the research showed that older employees (from age 40) have more positive attitudes than their younger coworkers (age range from 20 to 39). Outcomes of the study showed no significant relationship between age and prosociality, however, results indicate a trend, implying that prosociality varies in different age groups. Results of the study provide valuable suggestions for practice and further scientific work in this area

Modele przewodu pokarmowego in vitro do badan nad biodostepnoscia skladnikow odzywczych

Biodostępność składników pokarmowych jest ważnym wskaźnikiem przy ocenie wpływu żywienia człowieka na jego zdrowie. Z uwagi na trudności w dostępie do treści jelitowych in vivo rozwinięto modele umożliwiające badanie trawienia i wchłaniania składników pokarmowych w warunkach in vitro. W pracy opisano budowę przewodu pokarmowego i jego fizjologię. Przedstawiono dane dotyczące stężenia aktywnych składników płynów w układzie pokarmowym, kinetykę zmian kwasowości płynów jelitowych oraz szybkość pasażu i trawienie pokarmu przez układ. Omówiono także podstawowe modele in vitro do badania trawienia jelitowego i wchłaniania. Większość stosowanych modeli jest dwu- lub trójstopniowa i obejmuje układy: żołądek - jelito cienkie, jama ustna - żołądek - jelito cienkie lub żołądek - jelito cienkie - jelito grube. W modelach przewodu pokarmowego in vitro można zalecać następujące proporcje objętościowe (wagowe) między płynami jelitowymi: pokarm/ślina/płyn żołądkowy/żółć/sok trzustkowy, jak 1,5/1/2/1/2. Jako modele do badania wchłaniania składników pokarmowych wykorzystuje się bądź układy dializacyjne lub ultrafiltracyjne, bądź modele kultur komórek nabłonka jelitowego in vitro. Najpopularniejszą linią komórkową wykorzystywaną do badania wchłaniania pokarmów jest Caco-2. Jej morfologia i fizjologia jest bardzo zbliżona do naturalnych ludzkich enterocytów in vivo. Model Caco-2 został zastosowany do badania wchłaniania białek, lipidów, cukrów, jonów metali, witamin, przeciwutleniaczy, mikotoksyn i innych składników żywności. (abstrakt oryginalny)Bioavailability of alimentary components is an important indicator at the estimation of the influence of the nutrition on the human health. Taking into account the difficulty in accessing to intestinal contents in vivo, some artificial models enabling research on the intestinal digestion and absorption in vitro were elaborated. This paper also presents structure and physiology of gastrointestinal tract in vivo. Many detailed data on composition and concentration of active substances in alimentary canal, kinetics of pH changes of intestinal fluids as well as the rate of passage and digestion of food in gastrointestinal tract are discussed. Basic models of gastrointestinal tract in vitro used for the investigation of the intestinal digestion and the absorption are also described. The majority of GI models consist of two - or three-stage systems including: stomach - small intestine, mouth - stomach - small intestine or stomach - small intestine - large intestine. The optimal weight (volume) ratio between different components of intestinal fluids: food/saliva/gastric juice/bile/pancreatic juice is 1.5/1/2/1/2. To study the transport of food compound across intestinal epithelium, two types of in vitro models are used: dialysis or ultrafiltration membranes and cell cultures of intestinal epithelium in vitro. The most commonly used cell line to study intestinal absorption is human intestine cell line Caco-2. Its morphology and physiology is very similar to the human small intestine enterocyte cells in vivo. The Caco-2 model was applied to study absorption of protein, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, metal ions, antioxidants, mycotoxins and other food ingredients. (original abstract

Differential Scanning Calorimetry for Determining the Thermodynamic Properties of Selected Honeys

Thermodynamic properties of selected honeys: glass transition temperature (Tg), the change in specifi c heat capacity (ΔCp), and enthalpy (ΔH) were analysed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in relation to the composition i.e. water and sugar content. Glass transition temperatures (Tg) of various types of honey differed significantly (p<0.05) and ranged from -49.7°C (polyfloral) to -34.8°C (sunflower). There was a strong correlation between the Tg values and the moisture content in honey (r = -0.94). The degree of crystallisation of the honey also influenced the Tg values. It has been shown that the presence or absence of sugar crystals influenced the glass transition temperature. For the decrystallised honeys, the Tg values were 6 to 11°C lower than for the crystallised honeys. The more crystallised a honey was, the greater the temperature difference was between the decrystallised and crystallized honey. In conclusion, to obtain reliable DSC results, it is crucial to measure the glass transition after the complete liquefaction of honey

Antagonistic impact of Lactobacillus acidophilus DSM 20079 and DSM 20242 strains on pathogenic bacteria isolated from people

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki dotyczące antagonistycznego działania Lactobacillus acidophilus DSM 20079 i DSM 20242 w stosunku do szczepów bakterii Helicobacter pylori, Escherichia coli i Salmonella enteritidis izolowanych od pacjentów. Największe strefy zahamowania wzrostu obserwowano we wszystkich testowanych szczepach H. pylori - wynosiły one ponad 20 mm. Testowane szczepy L. acidophilus hamowały również rozwój wszystkich szczepów S. enteritidis, a wielkość stref wynosiła powyżej 12 mm. Spośród szczepów E. coli były takie, których wzrost nie był hamowany przez testowane szczepy L. acidophilus. Wielkość stref zahamowania wzrostu pozostałych testowanych szczepów E. coli wynosiła od 11 do 16 mm.The paper presents the results of a study on the antagonistic activity of L. acidophilus DSM 20079 and DSM 20242 strains towards H. pylori, E. coli, and S. enteritidis strains isolated from patients. The largest zones of inhibited growth were found in all the H. pylori strains analyzed; those zones were larger than 20 mm. The L. acidophilus strains also inhibited the development of all the S. enteritidis strains and the size of the inhibition zones was larger than 12 mm. Amidst the E. coli strains, there were some strains that grew uninhibited by the selected L. acidophilus strains analyzed. The size of inhibited growth zones of other E. coli strains was between 11 and 16 mm

Differential Scanning Calorimetry for Determining the Thermodynamic Properties of Selected Honeys

Thermodynamic properties of selected honeys: glass transition temperature (Tg), the change in specifi c heat capacity (ΔCp), and enthalpy (ΔH) were analysed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in relation to the composition i.e. water and sugar content. Glass transition temperatures (Tg) of various types of honey differed significantly (p<0.05) and ranged from -49.7°C (polyfloral) to -34.8°C (sunflower). There was a strong correlation between the Tg values and the moisture content in honey (r = -0.94). The degree of crystallisation of the honey also influenced the Tg values. It has been shown that the presence or absence of sugar crystals influenced the glass transition temperature. For the decrystallised honeys, the Tg values were 6 to 11°C lower than for the crystallised honeys. The more crystallised a honey was, the greater the temperature difference was between the decrystallised and crystallized honey. In conclusion, to obtain reliable DSC results, it is crucial to measure the glass transition after the complete liquefaction of honey

A Multiple Source Approach to Organisational Justice: The Role of the Organisation, Supervisors, Coworkers, and Customers

The vast research on organisational justice has focused on the organisation and the supervisor. This study aims to further this line of research by integrating two trends within organisational justice research: the overall approach to justice perceptions and the multifoci perspective of justice judgments. Specifically, this study aims to explore the effects of two additional sources of justice, coworker-focused justice and customer-focused justice, on relevant employees’ outcomes—burnout, turnover intentions, job satisfaction, and workplace deviance— while controlling the effect of organisation-focused justice and supervisor-focused justice. Given the increased importance attributed to coworkers and customers, we expect coworker-focused justice and customer-focused justice to explain incremental variance in the measured outcomes, above and beyond the effects of organisation-focused justice and supervisor-focused justice. Participants will be university students from Austria and Germany employed by service organisations. Data analysis will be conducted using structural equation modeling