China Analysis

The Chinese financial press is euro-pessimist The wave of suicides among Foxconn workers and the vacuity of Chinese trade unionis

China Analysis

The Chinese financial press is euro-pessimist The wave of suicides among Foxconn workers and the vacuity of Chinese trade unionis

La transition chinoise : pouvoir d'État et gestion de la société

Transcontinentales : Voici un quart de siècle que les réformes économiques ont été engagées en Chine. Quel point peut-on faire sur la ligne retenue alors par Deng Xiaoping, et comment évaluer l’impact de cette réorientation sur la société chinoise et sur le pouvoir d’État ? Pour le dire autrement, quel sens faut-il donner à une formule telle que « socialisme de marché » ? Comment définir le -système actuel ? François Godement : Je dirais qu’il y a miracle et continuité. Voici soixante-dix ans..

Effect of Hydrocortisone on Mortality and Organ Support in Patients With Severe COVID-19: The REMAP-CAP COVID-19 Corticosteroid Domain Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Evidence regarding corticosteroid use for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited. Objective: To determine whether hydrocortisone improves outcome for patients with severe COVID-19. Design, Setting, and Participants: An ongoing adaptive platform trial testing multiple interventions within multiple therapeutic domains, for example, antiviral agents, corticosteroids, or immunoglobulin. Between March 9 and June 17, 2020, 614 adult patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled and randomized within at least 1 domain following admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) for respiratory or cardiovascular organ support at 121 sites in 8 countries. Of these, 403 were randomized to open-label interventions within the corticosteroid domain. The domain was halted after results from another trial were released. Follow-up ended August 12, 2020. Interventions: The corticosteroid domain randomized participants to a fixed 7-day course of intravenous hydrocortisone (50 mg or 100 mg every 6 hours) (n = 143), a shock-dependent course (50 mg every 6 hours when shock was clinically evident) (n = 152), or no hydrocortisone (n = 108). Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end point was organ support-free days (days alive and free of ICU-based respiratory or cardiovascular support) within 21 days, where patients who died were assigned -1 day. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model that included all patients enrolled with severe COVID-19, adjusting for age, sex, site, region, time, assignment to interventions within other domains, and domain and intervention eligibility. Superiority was defined as the posterior probability of an odds ratio greater than 1 (threshold for trial conclusion of superiority >99%). Results: After excluding 19 participants who withdrew consent, there were 384 patients (mean age, 60 years; 29% female) randomized to the fixed-dose (n = 137), shock-dependent (n = 146), and no (n = 101) hydrocortisone groups; 379 (99%) completed the study and were included in the analysis. The mean age for the 3 groups ranged between 59.5 and 60.4 years; most patients were male (range, 70.6%-71.5%); mean body mass index ranged between 29.7 and 30.9; and patients receiving mechanical ventilation ranged between 50.0% and 63.5%. For the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively, the median organ support-free days were 0 (IQR, -1 to 15), 0 (IQR, -1 to 13), and 0 (-1 to 11) days (composed of 30%, 26%, and 33% mortality rates and 11.5, 9.5, and 6 median organ support-free days among survivors). The median adjusted odds ratio and bayesian probability of superiority were 1.43 (95% credible interval, 0.91-2.27) and 93% for fixed-dose hydrocortisone, respectively, and were 1.22 (95% credible interval, 0.76-1.94) and 80% for shock-dependent hydrocortisone compared with no hydrocortisone. Serious adverse events were reported in 4 (3%), 5 (3%), and 1 (1%) patients in the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients with severe COVID-19, treatment with a 7-day fixed-dose course of hydrocortisone or shock-dependent dosing of hydrocortisone, compared with no hydrocortisone, resulted in 93% and 80% probabilities of superiority with regard to the odds of improvement in organ support-free days within 21 days. However, the trial was stopped early and no treatment strategy met prespecified criteria for statistical superiority, precluding definitive conclusions. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02735707

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

100 ans de Chine : de la révolte des Boxers au grand pas en avant vers l'intégration globale

The Chinese Century, from the Boxers' Revolt to the Great Leap Towards Global Integration, by François Godement 1900 and 2000 : two key dates in China's history. 1900 is the year of the Boxers Rebellion and the western repression that followed. 2000 on the contrary sees the Popular republic knocking at the door of the WTO and adopting a series of economie, légal and cultural reforms which often find their inspiration in the West. But in many aspects, modem China has preserved the mark of that of the empress Cixi : Chinese nationalism is still alive in its relations with Asia ; and both elites and population still strive to reconcile the temptation of modernity and the fear of interdependence as a resuit of globalization. But the future of China might lie elsewhere : by participa-ting in the creation of régional groups like Europe or Latin America, rather than in entering a race for superpower with United States which already seems to be lost.1900, 2000 : deux dates clefs dans l'histoire de la Chine. 1900, c'est l'année de la révolte des Boxers et de la répression occidentale qui s'ensuit. 2000 voit au contraire la République populaire frapper à la porte de l'OMC et adopter une série de réformes économiques, juridiques et culturelles qui trouvent souvent leur inspiration en Occident. À bien des égards, pourtant, la Chine d'aujourd'hui a conservé la marque de celle de l'impératrice Cixi : le nationalisme chinois reste vif aussi bien dans les relations avec Taiwan que dans le reste de l'Asie ; et les élites comme la population restent partagées entre l'aspiration à la modernité et la peur de l'interdépendance induite par le processus mondial de globalisation. Mais l'avenir de la Chine est peut-être ailleurs : dans la participation à la constitution d'ensembles régionaux aux côtés de l'Europe ou de l'Amérique latine, plutôt que dans une course à la superpuissance avec les États-Unis qui semble déjà perdue.Godement François. 100 ans de Chine : de la révolte des Boxers au grand pas en avant vers l'intégration globale. In: Politique étrangère, n°3-4 - 2000 - 65ᵉannée. pp. 771-785

Comment sortir de la crise asiatique ?

Global Capital Flows and Emerging Economies: Lessons of the Asian Crisis, by Martin Wolf Who is to blame for the Asian crisis? While the IMF blames the victim's inherent deficiencies (inability to react and poor financial management), the MIT criticizes the excessive confidence placed by politicians in "bubble-creating" financial institutions. But has the IMF's demand for economie restructuring not itself imposed an undifferentiated response to a multi-faceted crisis? Have the reforms called for (exchange-rate and labour market flexibility) not amplified the market liberalization process, which was itself a source of the crisis? The IMF's requirements appear to have gone beyond what was necessary. What is to be done? Seven rules should be observed (from an active budgetary policy to lending control) in order to prevent us from being engulfed by the tide of the economy.À partir de l'été 1997, l'Asie est happée par une tourmente financière dont les effets sont encore loin d'être résorbés. Alors que la crise entre dans une nouvelle phase, François Godement nous fait part de sa réflexion sur les débats menés autour de cette crise, dont la rapidité de propagation a surpris la plupart des observateurs de la région. Il souligne par ailleurs la timidité de la réponse européenne aux attentes asiatiques et propose quelques solutions pour une présence plus constructive de la communauté internationale dans l'Asie en récession.Godement François. Comment sortir de la crise asiatique ?. In: Politique étrangère, n°2 - 1998 - 63ᵉannée. pp. 297-309

L'archipel oublié Jean-Luc Domenach

Godement François. L'archipel oublié Jean-Luc Domenach. In: Politique étrangère, n°3 - 1992 - 57ᵉannée. pp. 659-661

China-Japan: their inability to communicate and its causes

January 2005 To understand the relationship between China and Japan, one only has to go see the films of Hou Hsiao-hsien or Edward Yang, two of Taiwan’s greatest filmmakers. The former was born in Guangdong and the other in Shanghai. The City of Pain by Hou Hsiao-hsien presents a non-conformist view of the Japanese presence in Taiwan through the relationship between a hospital doctor and a nurse, while Yiyi, by Yang, pays homage to the wisdom of an old Japanese master called to the rescue of ..

La vague de suicides des ouvriers de Foxconn et la vacuité du syndicalisme chinois ; Qian Chuanshui, "Les organisations syndicales : sept grands problèmes à rectifier", Nanfang Zhoumo, 20 mai 2010 ; "Les dix suicides successifs chez Foxconn entraînent une polémique, les expert de demandent "mais que font les syndicats?"", Zengyiwang, 21 mai 2010 ; "Foxconn arrêtez! Rendez aux travailleurs la dignité qu'ils méritent", Renminwang, 25 mai 2010 ; Wu Shaomin, "Opinion : combien de problèmes les neuf suicides successifs chez Foxconn révèlent-ils?, Renminwang, 19 mai 2010 ; Xu Xiaojun, professeur au Département d'études syndicales de l'Institut sur les relations sociales revient sur la vague de suicides et répond aux internautes sur le forum de discussion du quotidien du peuple Qiangguo Iuntan, 18 mai 2010

Godement François. La vague de suicides des ouvriers de Foxconn et la vacuité du syndicalisme chinois ; Qian Chuanshui, "Les organisations syndicales : sept grands problèmes à rectifier", Nanfang Zhoumo, 20 mai 2010 ; "Les dix suicides successifs chez Foxconn entraînent une polémique, les expert de demandent "mais que font les syndicats?"", Zengyiwang, 21 mai 2010 ; "Foxconn arrêtez! Rendez aux travailleurs la dignité qu'ils méritent", Renminwang, 25 mai 2010 ; Wu Shaomin, "Opinion : combien de problèmes les neuf suicides successifs chez Foxconn révèlent-ils?, Renminwang, 19 mai 2010 ; Xu Xiaojun, professeur au Département d'études syndicales de l'Institut sur les relations sociales revient sur la vague de suicides et répond aux internautes sur le forum de discussion du quotidien du peuple Qiangguo Iuntan, 18 mai 2010. In: Perspectives chinoises, n°112, 2010. pp. 142-145